Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NYCC Histology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main functional components of the respiratory system?

A

Conducting portion
Respiratory portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of conducting portion

A

Where air is conditioned and directed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What structures are included in the conducting zone?

A

Nasal cavities
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Lungs: bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function of respiratory portion

A

Where gas exchange occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What structures are included in the respiratory portion?

A

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the respiratory epithelium of the mucosa that lines the conducting portion?

A

Respiratory epithelium: pseudostratified ciliated columnar, often with goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The left and right nasal cavities contain ____

A

Vestibules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are vestibules?

A

Dilated space of the cavity where air enters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Conchae

A

3 Bony projections of the nasal cavity which create turbulence of inspired air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vibrissae

A

Moist hairs which filter air of particulate matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Olfactory mucosa of nasal cavities has what type of epithelium?

A

Specialized olfactory epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the pharynx connect?

A

Connects nasal & oral cavities to the larynx & esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pharynx is divided into ____ and ____

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx (throat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the passageway for air between oropharynx & trachea?

A

Larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Epiglottis

A
  • elastic cartilage
  • flattened structure near top of larynx
  • prevents swallowed food from entering airway
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

False vocal cords are covered by ____

A

Respiratory epithelium (PSCC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of false vocal cords

A

No movement, but aids in sound resonance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Below each false vocal cord is a ____

A

Ventricle
(Elongated recess)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 pairs of vestibular folds in the larynx are called…

A

False vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

2 vocal folds in larynx are called…

A

True vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Function of true vocal cords

A

Control air flow through larynx and vibrate to produce sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

True vocal cords are covered by ____

A

Stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinized)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

True vocal cords contain the ____

A

Vocalis muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Vocalis muscle

A
  • Skeletal muscle, attached to a ligament
  • tension on ligaments caused by muscle produces different sounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Functions of trachea

A
  • conduction of air
  • conditioning: warming, moistening, removal of particulate matter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Function of C-shaped rings in trachea

A

Maintains open airway

27
Q

Trachealis muscle

A
  • Smooth muscle, Connects open ends of hyaline cartilage C rings
  • controls luminal diameter of trachea to control air intake
  • allows for passage of swallowed bolus of food by esophagus
28
Q

Name the layers of the wall of the trachea

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • cartilaginous
  • adventitia
29
Q

Mucosal layer of trachea

A
  • Epithelium: PSCCwG, thick basement membrane
  • Lamina propria: many blood vessels (warming)
30
Q

Submucosa of trachea

A

Seromucous glands (moistening)

31
Q

Cartilaginous layer of trachea

A

Rings of C-shaped hyaline cartilage

32
Q

Adventitia of trachea

A

CT connects trachea to surrounding structures (esophagus)

33
Q

Bronchial tree

A

Trachea
2 primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli

34
Q

Layers of walls of bronchi

A
  • mucosa
  • muscularis
  • submucosa
  • cartilage layer
  • adventitia
35
Q

Mucosa of bronchi

A
  • epithelium: respiratory epithelium (PSCCwG)
  • lamina propria: loose CT
36
Q

Muscularis layer of bronchi

A
  • spiral bands of smooth muscle, continuous in larger bronchi, thin & discontinuous in smaller bronchi
  • important in regulating appropriate diameter of bronchi
37
Q

Submucosal layer of bronchi

A

Seromucous glands

38
Q

Cartilaginous layer of bronchi

A
  • Discontinuous hyaline cartilage plates become smaller as bronchi become smaller
  • supports bronchial wall
39
Q

Adventitia of bronchi

A

Dense irregular CT continuous with adjacent structures

40
Q

Epithelium of bronchioles

A
  • Initially PSCCwG in largest bronchioles
  • quickly becomes simple columnar ciliated, no goblet cells, eventually cuboidal (ciliated)
41
Q

Bronchioles do not contain ____ or ____

A

Cartilage plates or glands

42
Q

Epithelium of terminal bronchioles

A

Ciliated simple cuboidal with non-ciliated cuboidal clara cells

43
Q

Functions of Clara cells

A
  • Secrete surface-active agent
  • secrete Clara cell secretory protein (CC16)
44
Q

Function of surface-active agent

A

Lipoprotein prevents luminal adhesion

45
Q

Function of Clara cell secretory protein (CC16)

A

Protect against lung injury, antimicrobial, detoxifying harmful substances inhaled into lungs

46
Q

What is the first part of the respiratory portion?

A

Respiratory bronchioles

47
Q

mucosal epithelium of respiratory bronchioles

A

ciliated simple cuboidal with non-ciliated clara cells

48
Q

what are alveolar ducts?

A

distal ends of respiratory bronchioles - elongated airways from which alveoli open

49
Q

lamina propria of alveolar ducts

A

extremely thin lamina propria of reticular & elastic fibers (no smooth muscle)

50
Q

alveolar spaces

A

spaces surrounded by clusters of alveoli, typically at the ends of alveolar ducts

51
Q

function of alveoli

A

terminal air spaces of respiratory system: major site of gas exchange between air and blood

52
Q

alveoli are surrounded by an extremely thin piece of CT containing blood capillaries called the ____

A

alveolar septal wall (or interalveolar septa)

53
Q

alveoli are lined by…

A

type 1 and type 2 alveolar cells (or pneumocytes)

54
Q

alveolar septum is the site of the ____

A

blood-air-barrier

55
Q

alveoli
3 parts of respiratory membrane

A
  1. type 1 alveolar cells (pneumocytes)
  2. fused basal laminae of type 1 alveolar cells & endothelial cells of capillaries
  3. capillary endothelial cells
56
Q

type I alveolar cells/pneumocytes

A
  • extremely thin simple squamous
  • make up alveolar side of blood-air-barrier, diffusion of O2 & CO2
57
Q

type II alveolar cells/pneumocytes

A
  • cuboidal cells, bulge into air space, interspersed amongst type I alveolar cells
  • secrete surfactant
58
Q

surfactant

A
  • surface active agent of lipoproteins & phospholipids, spreads over inner alveolar surface
  • decreases alveolar surface tension, preventing collapse
59
Q

alveolar macrophages (dust cells)

A
  • found in alveolar spaces and interalveolar septal wall
  • phagocytose particulate matter, infectious organisms, RBCs lost from damaged capillaries
60
Q

anthracotic pigment

A
  • ingested material macrophages can’t break down (tar, nicotine, pollutants)
  • remain in macrophage, accumulates in CT
61
Q

each lung is covered by…

A

visceral pleura, continuous with parietal pleura

62
Q

visceral pleura

A

thin CT covering with mesothelium

63
Q

parietal pleura

A

CT covering that lines pleural cavity

64
Q

pleural cavity is filled with…

A

serous fluid, acts as a lubricant

NYCC Histology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions