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NYCC Histology > Integument System > Flashcards

Integument System Flashcards

1
Q

2 layers of the skin

A

epidermis & dermis

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2
Q

functions of integumentary system

A
  • sensory
  • thermoregulation
  • metabolism
  • sexual signaling
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3
Q

cells of the epidermis

A

keratinocytes
malanocytes
langerhans cells
merkel cells

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4
Q

karatinocytes

A
  • most abundant cell of epidermis
  • produce keratin
  • form epidermal water barrier
  • produce vitamin D
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5
Q

skin is categorized as ____ or ____

A

thick or thin

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6
Q

thick skin

A
  • found on palms of hands and soles of feet
  • 5 layers to epidermis
  • subject to most abrasion, hairless
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7
Q

thin skin

A
  • found everywhere except palms of hands & soles of feet
  • 4 layers to epidermis
  • most areas contain hair follicles
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8
Q

layers of epidermis

A
  1. stratum basale (stratum germinativum
  2. stratum spinosum
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum lucidum
  5. stratum corneum
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9
Q

stratum basale (germinativum)

A
  • single layer of mitotically active cells, rests on basement membrane, allows epidermal renewal of keratinocytes
  • keratinocytes undergo keratinization, then apoptosis
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10
Q

stratum spinosum

A

thickest layer, synthesize keratin

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11
Q

stratum granulosum

A
  • most superficial layer of still intact nucleated cells
  • keratinocytes contain keratohyalin granules (contain keratin)
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12
Q

stratum lucidum

A
  • found only in thick skin
  • layer of flattened keratinocytes
  • cytoplasm contains packed keratin filaments
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13
Q

stratum corneum

A
  • anucleate squamous cells (keratinocytes) filled with keratin filament
  • extra lipid cell layer as water barrier
  • continuously shed and replenished
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14
Q

melanocytes produce and secrete ____

A

melanin

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15
Q

melanin

A

protects against mutagenic affects of UV radiation

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16
Q

melanin accumulates in vessels called ____

A

melanosomes

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17
Q

langerhans cells

A
  • dendritic APCs, derived from monocytes
  • present antigens to T lymphocytes in nearby lymph nodes
  • mostly in stratum spinosum
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18
Q

merkel cells

A
  • associated with nerve ending & function as receptors for light touch and texture (tactile sensation)
  • abundant in highly sensitive skin (finger tips, bases of hair follicles)
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19
Q

surface of dermis has many projections called ____

A

dermal papillae

20
Q

dermal papillae

A

fingerlike projections of loose CT into undersurface of epidermis

21
Q

sublayers of dermis

A
  1. papillary layer
  2. reticular layer
22
Q

sensory receptors of the skin

A
  1. meissner’s corpuscles
  2. pacinian corpuscles
23
Q

function of meissner’s corpuscles

A

fine, light touch receptors

24
Q

structure of meissner’s corpuscles

A
  • encapsulated nerve ending
  • unmyelinated sensory nerve fibers follow a spiral path
  • Schwann cells surrounding in helical matter, forming several lamellae
25
Q

location of meissner’s corpuscles

A
  • dermal papillae
  • most numerous in fingertips, palms, soles
26
Q

function of pacinian corpuscles

A

receptors for course touch, pressure, vibration

27
Q

location of pacinian corpuscles

A

deeper dermis and hypodermis, especially in fingertips

28
Q

structure of pacinian corpuscles

A

concentric lamellae of schwann cells surround unmyelinated afferent nerve fiber

29
Q

what are hairs?

A

elongated keratinized structures that form within hair follicles

30
Q

hair bulb

A

terminal dilation of hair follicle

31
Q

base of hair bulb is invaginated by a well vascularized tuft of loose CT ____

A

dermal papillae (sustain the hair follicle)

32
Q

hair root

A

portion of hair within skin

33
Q

structure of hair root

A
  • inner medulla (less keratinized)
  • cortex (heavily keratinized)
  • thin outer cuticle (v heavily keratinized)
34
Q

hair follicle has an outer ____ and an inner ____

A

CT root sheath
epithelial root sheath

35
Q

hair shaft

A

external portion of hair that extends above epidermis

36
Q

sebaceous glands secrete ____ via ____ secretion

A

sebum
holocrine

37
Q

sebum

A
  • oily lipid substance that coats the hair and skin surface
  • cells fill with small fat droplets filled with sebum
38
Q

holocrine secretion

A

cells accumulate product as they mature and enlarge, ending in rupture of cells and release of product

39
Q

arrector pili muscle

A
  • small bundle of smooth muscle attaches to hair follicle
  • contraction twists hair follicle and elevates hair, forming goosebumps
  • helps deliver sebum from sebaceous gland into hair follicle
40
Q

pilosebaceous unit

A
  1. hair follicle + hair
  2. arrector pili muscle
  3. sebaceous gland
41
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A

eccrine and apocrine

42
Q

function of eccrine sweat glands

A

produce sweat that is mostly water onto skin surface where evaporation cools the body

43
Q

eccrine sweat glands

_____ cells surround basal aspect of secretory segment

A

myoepithelial cells

44
Q

function of contraction of myoepithelial cells of eccrine sweat glands

A

helps release sweat from gland into ducts

45
Q

eccrine sweat glands function via ____ secretion

A

merocrine

46
Q

apocrine sweat glands contain…

A

slightly viscous, protein rich products (may develop odor due to bacterial activity)

NYCC Histology (21 decks)

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