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NYCC Histology > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Female reproductive system consists of…

A
  • paired ovaries
  • paired oviducts
  • uterus
  • vagina
  • external genitalia
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2
Q

Oogenesis

A
  • Function of ovaries
  • Production of oocytes, steroidal sex hormones
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3
Q

Cell division during production of female gametes involve…

A

Mitosis & meiosis

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4
Q

Menarche

A

Initiation of menstrual cycle

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5
Q

menopause

A

Cessation of menstrual cycle

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6
Q

During fetal development, oogonia undergo mitosis to form ____

A

Primary oocytes

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7
Q

____ enter prophase of first meiotic division where further development is arrested until puberty

A

Primary oocytes

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8
Q

Primary oocytes remain arrested in ____

A

Meiotic prophase 1

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9
Q

Each primary oocyte becomes surrounded by a flattened squamous ____ forming an ovarian follicle called a ____

A

Follicular cells (follicle cells)
Primordial follicle

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10
Q

Oocyte production after birth

A

No further production

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11
Q

After birth, many primary oocytes are lost to ____

A

Atresia: slow continuous degenerative process

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12
Q

Epithelium of Surface of ovary

A

Simple cuboidal: germinal epithelium

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13
Q

Dense CT layer of ovary

A

Tunica albuginea: between germinal epithelium & cortex

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14
Q

With each cycle, a small group of ____ begin a process of growth

A

Primordial follicles

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15
Q

follicle growth & development

Oocyte enlarges and squamous follicular cells become…

A

Cuboidal granulosa cells = primary follicles

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16
Q

follicle growth & development

As a primary follicle develops, cuboidal granulosa cells become ____

A

Stratified

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17
Q

follicle growth & development

Oocyte secretes proteins forming an Extracellular coat called ____

A

Zona pellucida

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18
Q

follicle growth & development

Smooth muscle & CT stromal cells surrounding follicles develop the ____

A

Theca (G-cover, L-box)

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19
Q

Theca interna

A
  • highly vascularized
  • cells have LH receptors
  • in response secrete androgens & progesterone
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20
Q

Theca externa

A

Outer layer of CT and smooth muscle cells

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21
Q

What represents the earliest stage of follicle development?

A

Primordial follicles

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22
Q

Secondary follicle is characterized by a fluid containing ____

A

Antrum

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23
Q

Antrum

A
  • fluids secreted by granulosa cells
  • nurtures & protects oocyte
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24
Q

follicle growth & development

Granulosa cells form a thick mound of cells called _____, which project into antrum towards the oocyte

A

Cumulus oophorus

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25
Q

Corona radiata

A
  • Cells of the cumulus oophorus that immediately surround the oocyte
  • remain with oocyte at ovulation
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26
Q

Graafian follicle

A

Mature follicle
large structure with large antrum

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27
Q

follicle growth & development

LH & FSH of pituitary 24 hrs prior to ovulation triggers…

A

First meiotic division of primary oocyte to resume -> formation of secondary oocyte & first polar body

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28
Q

Ovulation

A

Hormone mediated process resulting in release of secondary oocyte from Graafian follicle (ovarian wall weakens, Theca externa smooth muscle contractions)

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29
Q

After ovulation, follicle collapses, granulosa & theca interna cells undergo reorganization forming a large, highly vascularized ____

A

Corpus luteum

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30
Q

Granulosa lutein cells

A

Granulosa cells greatly enlarge after ovulation

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31
Q

After ovulation, blood & lymphatic vessels rapidly grow, and cells become ____

A

Theca lutein cells

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32
Q

Corpus luteum of menstruation

A

If fertilization does not occur

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33
Q

Corpus luteum of pregnancy

A

If fertilization occurs, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) produced by placenta maintains & promotes further growth of corpus luteum (4-5 months)

34
Q

Either type of corpus luteum will degenerate into a ____

A

Corpus albicans: leftover scar

35
Q

Atretic follicle

A

Each month only 1 Graafian follicle undergoes ovulation, other developing follicles arrest and degenerate (atresia)

36
Q

oviducts

Infundibulum

A

Funnel shaped opening fringed with extensions

37
Q

Extensions of Infundibulum are called ____

A

Fimbriae

38
Q

oviducts

Ampulla

A

Longest & expanded region where fertilization normally occurs

39
Q

oviducts

Isthmus

A

Narrow portion near uterus

40
Q

oviducts

Uterine/intramural part

A

Passes through wall of uterus, opens into uterine cavity

41
Q

Layers of oviduct wall

A
  • mucosa
  • muscularis
  • serosa
42
Q

Mucosa of oviduct

A
  • highly folded
  • mostly simple columnar ciliated cells (sweep fluid & ovum toward uterus)
  • peg cells
43
Q

Peg cells

A

(Mucosa of oviduct)
- Non-ciliated
- fewer in number
- secrete nutritive glycoprotein mucous that bathes sperm & ovum

44
Q

Muscularis of oviduct

A
  • Smooth muscle
  • relatively thick inner circular layer
  • thinner outer longitudinal layer
45
Q

Serosa of oviduct

A
  • thin layer of CT covered by mesothelium
46
Q

General architecture of uterus

A

Body
Fundus
Isthmus
Cervix

47
Q

uterus

Body

A

Large upper portion, receives uterine tubes (oviduct)

48
Q

uterus

Fundus

A

Curved superior portion between uterine tubes (oviduct)

49
Q

uterus

Isthmus

A

Narrow portion, ends at cervix

50
Q

uterus

Cervix

A

Lower barrel shaped portion:
- internal os: opens into uterus
- cervical canal: lumen of cervix
- external os: opens into vagina

51
Q

Layers of uterine wall

A

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

52
Q

uterus

Endometrium

A

Mucosal layer

53
Q

uterus

Myometrium

A

Very thick muscular layer, bundles of smooth muscle

54
Q

uterus

Perimetrium

A

Outer CT layer, adventitia in some parts, largely serosa with mesothelium

55
Q

Lamina propria of endometrium contains numerous tubular ____

A

Uterine glands

56
Q

2 zones of endometrium

A

Stratum functionale
Stratum basale

57
Q

endometrium

Stratum functionale

A

Functional layer
- thickest part of endometrium
- sloughed off during menstruation
- includes epithelium & most of length of glands

58
Q

endometrium

Stratum basale

A

Basal layer
- adjacent to mymetrium
- retained during menstruation
- serves as source of regeneration for stratum functionale

59
Q

arcuate arteries branch into ____

A

radial arteries

60
Q

radial arteries branch into…

A
  1. straight arteries
  2. spiral arteries
61
Q

straight arteries supply ____

A

stratum basale

62
Q

spiral arteries supply ____

A

stratum functionale

63
Q

spiral arteries are ____ sensitive

A

progesterone

64
Q

if fertilization does not occur, what happens to spiral arteries?

A

spiral arteries degenerate causing ischemia of stratum functionale and a sloughing off of this tissue (menstruation)

65
Q

name the 2 histological regions of the cervix

A

ectocervix (exocervix)
endocervix

66
Q

ectocervix location & epithelium

A
  • extends into vagina
  • non-keratinized stratified squamous
67
Q

endocervix is the ____ portion

A

uterine

68
Q

endocervix epithelium

A

simple columnar

69
Q

lamina propria of endocervix contains many ____

A

cervical glands

70
Q

cervical glands secrete ____

A

mucus

71
Q

cervix

transformation (transition) zone

A
  • point where endo & ectocervix meet
  • abrupt change in epithelium
  • most cervical cancers begin here
72
Q

epithelium of vaginal wall

A

non-keratinized stratified squamous

73
Q

mammary glands

each mammary gland lobe consists of many lobules called…

A

terminal duct lobular units (TDLU)

74
Q

mammary glands

lactiferous sinuses in non-lactating women

A

empty

75
Q

mammary glands

areola

A

skin covering nipple contains sebaceous glands and many sensory nerves

76
Q

mammary glands

hormones during pregnancy cause…

A

(prolactin, estrogen, progesterone)
much proliferation in secretory alveoli (glands) at ends of ducts and production of milk

77
Q

mammary glands

oxytocin

A

stimulates release of milk (lactation)

78
Q

mammary glands

late in pregnancy, ducts accumulate ____

A

colostrum

79
Q

mammary glands

colostrum

A

fluid rich in proteins & antibodies

80
Q

mammary glands

milk components

A
  • protein via merocrine secretion
  • lipid via apocrine secretion
  • lactose

NYCC Histology (21 decks)

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