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NYCC Histology > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Female reproductive system consists of…

A
  • paired ovaries
  • paired oviducts
  • uterus
  • vagina
  • external genitalia
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2
Q

Oogenesis

A
  • Function of ovaries
  • Production of oocytes, steroidal sex hormones
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3
Q

Cell division during production of female gametes involve…

A

Mitosis & meiosis

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4
Q

Menarche

A

Initiation of menstrual cycle

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5
Q

menopause

A

Cessation of menstrual cycle

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6
Q

During fetal development, oogonia undergo mitosis to form ____

A

Primary oocytes

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7
Q

____ enter prophase of first meiotic division where further development is arrested until puberty

A

Primary oocytes

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8
Q

Primary oocytes remain arrested in ____

A

Meiotic prophase 1

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9
Q

Each primary oocyte becomes surrounded by a flattened squamous ____ forming an ovarian follicle called a ____

A

Follicular cells (follicle cells)
Primordial follicle

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10
Q

Oocyte production after birth

A

No further production

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11
Q

After birth, many primary oocytes are lost to ____

A

Atresia: slow continuous degenerative process

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12
Q

Epithelium of Surface of ovary

A

Simple cuboidal: germinal epithelium

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13
Q

Dense CT layer of ovary

A

Tunica albuginea: between germinal epithelium & cortex

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14
Q

With each cycle, a small group of ____ begin a process of growth

A

Primordial follicles

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15
Q

follicle growth & development

Oocyte enlarges and squamous follicular cells become…

A

Cuboidal granulosa cells = primary follicles

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16
Q

follicle growth & development

As a primary follicle develops, cuboidal granulosa cells become ____

A

Stratified

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17
Q

follicle growth & development

Oocyte secretes proteins forming an Extracellular coat called ____

A

Zona pellucida

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18
Q

follicle growth & development

Smooth muscle & CT stromal cells surrounding follicles develop the ____

A

Theca (G-cover, L-box)

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19
Q

Theca interna

A
  • highly vascularized
  • cells have LH receptors
  • in response secrete androgens & progesterone
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20
Q

Theca externa

A

Outer layer of CT and smooth muscle cells

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21
Q

What represents the earliest stage of follicle development?

A

Primordial follicles

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22
Q

Secondary follicle is characterized by a fluid containing ____

A

Antrum

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23
Q

Antrum

A
  • fluids secreted by granulosa cells
  • nurtures & protects oocyte
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24
Q

follicle growth & development

Granulosa cells form a thick mound of cells called _____, which project into antrum towards the oocyte

A

Cumulus oophorus

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25
Corona radiata
- Cells of the cumulus oophorus that immediately surround the oocyte - remain with oocyte at ovulation
26
Graafian follicle
Mature follicle large structure with large antrum
27
# follicle growth & development LH & FSH of pituitary 24 hrs prior to ovulation triggers…
First meiotic division of primary oocyte to resume -> formation of **secondary oocyte** & first polar body
28
Ovulation
Hormone mediated process resulting in release of secondary oocyte from Graafian follicle (ovarian wall weakens, Theca externa smooth muscle contractions)
29
After ovulation, follicle collapses, granulosa & theca interna cells undergo reorganization forming a large, highly vascularized ____
Corpus luteum
30
Granulosa lutein cells
Granulosa cells greatly enlarge after ovulation
31
After ovulation, blood & lymphatic vessels rapidly grow, and cells become ____
Theca lutein cells
32
Corpus luteum of menstruation
If fertilization does not occur
33
Corpus luteum of pregnancy
If fertilization occurs, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) produced by placenta maintains & promotes further growth of corpus luteum (4-5 months)
34
Either type of corpus luteum will degenerate into a ____
Corpus albicans: leftover scar
35
Atretic follicle
Each month only 1 Graafian follicle undergoes ovulation, other developing follicles arrest and degenerate (atresia)
36
# oviducts Infundibulum
Funnel shaped opening fringed with extensions
37
Extensions of Infundibulum are called ____
Fimbriae
38
# oviducts Ampulla
Longest & expanded region where *fertilization normally occurs*
39
# oviducts Isthmus
Narrow portion near uterus
40
# oviducts Uterine/intramural part
Passes through wall of uterus, opens into uterine cavity
41
Layers of oviduct wall
- mucosa - muscularis - serosa
42
Mucosa of oviduct
- highly folded - mostly simple columnar ciliated cells (sweep fluid & ovum toward uterus) - peg cells
43
Peg cells
(Mucosa of oviduct) - Non-ciliated - fewer in number - secrete nutritive glycoprotein mucous that bathes sperm & ovum
44
Muscularis of oviduct
- Smooth muscle - relatively thick inner circular layer - thinner outer longitudinal layer
45
Serosa of oviduct
- thin layer of CT covered by mesothelium
46
General architecture of uterus
Body Fundus Isthmus Cervix
47
# uterus Body
Large upper portion, receives uterine tubes (oviduct)
48
# uterus Fundus
Curved superior portion between uterine tubes (oviduct)
49
# uterus Isthmus
Narrow portion, ends at cervix
50
# uterus Cervix
Lower barrel shaped portion: - internal os: opens into uterus - cervical canal: lumen of cervix - external os: opens into vagina
51
Layers of uterine wall
Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium
52
# uterus Endometrium
Mucosal layer
53
# uterus Myometrium
Very thick muscular layer, bundles of smooth muscle
54
# uterus Perimetrium
Outer CT layer, adventitia in some parts, largely serosa with mesothelium
55
Lamina propria of endometrium contains numerous tubular ____
Uterine glands
56
2 zones of endometrium
Stratum functionale Stratum basale
57
# endometrium Stratum functionale
Functional layer - thickest part of endometrium - sloughed off during menstruation - includes epithelium & most of length of glands
58
# endometrium Stratum basale
Basal layer - adjacent to mymetrium - retained during menstruation - serves as source of regeneration for stratum functionale
59
arcuate arteries branch into ____
radial arteries
60
radial arteries branch into...
1. straight arteries 2. spiral arteries
61
straight arteries supply ____
stratum basale
62
spiral arteries supply ____
stratum functionale
63
spiral arteries are ____ sensitive
progesterone
64
if fertilization does not occur, what happens to spiral arteries?
spiral arteries degenerate causing ischemia of stratum functionale and a sloughing off of this tissue (menstruation)
65
name the 2 histological regions of the cervix
ectocervix (exocervix) endocervix
66
ectocervix location & epithelium
- extends into vagina - non-keratinized stratified squamous
67
endocervix is the ____ portion
uterine
68
endocervix epithelium
simple columnar
69
lamina propria of endocervix contains many ____
cervical glands
70
cervical glands secrete ____
mucus
71
# cervix transformation (transition) zone
- point where endo & ectocervix meet - abrupt change in epithelium - most cervical cancers begin here
72
epithelium of vaginal wall
non-keratinized stratified squamous
73
# mammary glands each mammary gland lobe consists of many lobules called...
terminal duct lobular units (TDLU)
74
# mammary glands lactiferous sinuses in non-lactating women
empty
75
# mammary glands areola
skin covering nipple contains sebaceous glands and many sensory nerves
76
# mammary glands hormones during pregnancy cause...
(**prolactin**, estrogen, progesterone) much proliferation in secretory alveoli (glands) at ends of ducts and production of milk
77
# mammary glands oxytocin
stimulates release of milk (lactation)
78
# mammary glands late in pregnancy, ducts accumulate ____
colostrum
79
# mammary glands colostrum
fluid rich in proteins & antibodies
80
# mammary glands milk components
- protein via merocrine secretion - lipid via apocrine secretion - lactose

NYCC Histology (21 decks)

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