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NYCC Histology > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Male reproductive system consists of…

A

Testes
Excretory genital ducts
Accessory glands
Penis

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2
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

Production of spermatozoa (sperm) in the testes

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3
Q

Spermatozoa + secretions of accessory glands (seminal fluid) make up ____

A

Semen

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4
Q

Cell division occurring during production of male gametes involve both ____ & ____

A

Mitosis & meiosis

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5
Q

Testes are surrounded by a dense CT capsule called the ____

A

Tunica albuginea

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6
Q

Inner part of tunica albuginea is the ____

A

Tunica vasculosa
(Loose CT, highly vascular)

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7
Q

Tunica albuginea thickens on the posterior side to form the ____

A

Mediastinum testis

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8
Q

From mediastinum region, CT septa enter parenchyma, diving the testes into ____

A

Testicular lobules (~250)

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9
Q

Each testicular lobule contains 1-4 highly coiled ____ and CT stroma with ____

A

Seminiferous tubules
Leydig cells

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10
Q

Function of seminiferous tubules

A

Production of sperm

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11
Q

Function of Leydig cells

A

Produce & Secrete testosterone

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12
Q

Each seminiferous tubules is linked by a short ____ to the ____

A

Straight tubule
Rete testis

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13
Q

Rete testis

A

Labyrinth of channels embedded in mediastinum testis

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14
Q

~10-20 ____ connect the Rete testis to the ____

A

Efferent ductules
Epididymis

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15
Q

Seminiferous tubules are lined with specialized stratified epithelium called ____

A

Germinal (spermatogenic) epithelium

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16
Q

Innermost layer of fibrous CT covering Basement membrane of seminiferous tubules contains flattened smooth muscle-like ___

A

Myoid cells
part of CT, not basement membrane

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17
Q

Function of myoid cells

A

Allow for weak contractions of tubule

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18
Q

seminiferous tubules

Cell types of germinal epithelium

A

Sertoli cells
Spermatogenic cells

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19
Q

Tight occluding junctions between Sertoli cells form the ____

A

Blood-testis-barrier

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20
Q

Function of blood-testis-barrier

A

Limit self-antigen exposure, prevents autoimmune attack

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21
Q

Sertoli cells produce ___

A

Androgen-binding protein

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22
Q

Function of Androgen-binding protein

A

Concentrates testosterone

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23
Q

Spermatogenic cells regularly replicate and differentiate into mature ____, which involves….

A

Sperm
Spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis

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24
Q

What is spermiogenesis?

A
  • Final physical differentiation process
  • no cell division
  • spermatids remain associated with Sertoli cells
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25
Q

spermatogenesis

Dark staining stem cells called ____ at base of seminiferous tubule undergo ____, giving rise to ____

A

Spermatogonia
Mitosis
Primary spermatocytes

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26
Q

Primary spermatocytes undergo first meiotic division to form haploid ____

A

Secondary spermatocytes

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27
Q

Secondary spermatocytes undergo second meiotic division to produce small round ____

A

Spermatids

28
Q

spermiogenesis

Spermatids greatly condense the nucleus forming development of…

A
  1. Acrosome (head)
  2. Midpiece (contains mitochondria)
  3. Flagellum (tail)
29
Q

____ released from Sertoli cell once mature into tubule lumen (non-motile)

A

Spermatozoa

30
Q

During puberty, ____ develop in the interstitial tissue surrounding seminiferous tubules

A

Leydig cells

31
Q

Function of testosterone

A

Promotes sperm production & development of secondary male sex characteristics

32
Q

intratesticular ducts

From the seminiferous tubules, sperm enter the short ____

A

Straight tubules

33
Q

intratesticular ducts

Straight tubules lead to the ____

A

Rete testis (in mediastinum testis)

34
Q

intratesticular ducts

Rete testis lead to ____

A

Efferent ductules

35
Q

intratesticular ducts

Efferent ductules composition

A
  • ciliated (sperm movement) & non-ciliated (Sertoli cell fluid absorption) cells
  • smooth muscle in wall of tubules aid in sperm movement
36
Q

intratesticular ducts

Efferent ductules lead to ____

A

Epididymus

37
Q

Function of excretory genital ducts

A

Transport sperm from the scrotum (testes) to the penis

38
Q

Epididymis contained one long ____

A

Coiled duct

39
Q

When sperm mature during passage through epididymis they develop ____

A

Motility

40
Q

Epididymis is lined by…

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with long stereocilia

41
Q

What types of cells line the Epididymis?

A

Principal cells & nasal stem cells

42
Q

Epididymis

Principal cells secrete…

A

Glycolipids & glycoproteins

43
Q

Epididymis

Principal cells absorb…

A

Most of remaining fluid (not removed by efferent ductules) & other debris (not removed by Sertoli cells)

44
Q

Vas deferens receives sperm from ____ and continues toward the ____

A

Epididymis
Ejaculatory duct

45
Q

Mucosa of vas deferens

A
  • Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with (sparse) stereocilia
  • LP = elastic fibers
46
Q

Muscularis of vas deferens

A

Very thick smooth muscle
- longitudinal, inner & outer layers, middle circular layer
- strong contractions during ejaculation

47
Q

vas deferens

Distal end enlarges to form ____

A

Ampulla of ductus deferens

48
Q

vas deferens

Ampulla joins with ducts of seminal vesicles to form the ____

A

Ejaculatory duct

49
Q

vas deferens

Continues through the prostate gland, opening into the ____

A

Prostatic urethra

50
Q

vas deferens

Prostatic urethra leads to the ____

A

Penile urethra

51
Q

What are seminal vesicles?

A

Paired exocrine glands consisting of highly folded, tortuous tubes

52
Q

Mucosa of seminal vesicles

A
  • Anastomosing folds fill lumen
  • Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  • LP = elastic fibers surrounded by smooth muscle
53
Q

Fluid produced by seminal vesicles includes…

A

Fructose
Prostaglandins
Fibrinogen

54
Q

Function of fructose

A

Main metabolic substrate for sperm (also citric acid and other metabolites)

55
Q

Prostate gland is a collection of ____

A

Tubuloalveolar glands

56
Q

Tubuloalveolar glands are lined by…

A

Simple cuboidal or columnar to Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

57
Q

Prostate gland produces…

A
  • PSA - prostatic specific antigen
  • PAP - prostatic specific acid phosphatase
  • fibrinolysin
58
Q

Prostatic specific antigen (PSA)

A

Serine protease that helps liquefy coagulated semen (for slow release of sperm) after ejaculation

59
Q

Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) increases in…

A

Prostate cancer (used as tumour marker for screening)

60
Q

Corpora amylacea

A

Calcified secretory material around cell fragments, increases as men age

61
Q

Bulbourethral glands empty into the ____

A

Proximal penile urethra

62
Q

Bulbourethral glands

Each gland has several lobules with tubuloacinar units lined by…

A

Mucous secreting simple columnar epithelium

63
Q

Bulbourethral secrete…

A

Clear mucus-like secretion that coats and lubricates urethra in preparation for passage of sperm

64
Q

Corpora cavernosa

A

2 dorsal masses of erectile tissue in penis

65
Q

Corpus spongiosum

A

Ventral mass of erectile tissue in penis

66
Q

Corpora cavernosa surrounded by the ____

A

Tunica albuginea

67
Q

penis

Tunica albuginea

A

Dense fibroelastic layer

NYCC Histology (21 decks)

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