Male Reproductive System

Question 1

Male reproductive system consists of…

Answer 1

Testes
Excretory genital ducts
Accessory glands
Penis

Question 2

What is spermatogenesis?

Answer 2

Production of spermatozoa (sperm) in the testes

Question 3

Spermatozoa + secretions of accessory glands (seminal fluid) make up ____

Answer 3

Semen

Question 4

Cell division occurring during production of male gametes involve both ____ & ____

Answer 4

Mitosis & meiosis

Question 5

Testes are surrounded by a dense CT capsule called the ____

Answer 5

Tunica albuginea

Question 6

Inner part of tunica albuginea is the ____

Answer 6

Tunica vasculosa
(Loose CT, highly vascular)

Question 7

Tunica albuginea thickens on the posterior side to form the ____

Answer 7

Mediastinum testis

Question 8

From mediastinum region, CT septa enter parenchyma, diving the testes into ____

Answer 8

Testicular lobules (~250)

Question 9

Each testicular lobule contains 1-4 highly coiled ____ and CT stroma with ____

Answer 9

Seminiferous tubules
Leydig cells

Question 10

Function of seminiferous tubules

Answer 10

Production of sperm

Question 11

Function of Leydig cells

Answer 11

Produce & Secrete testosterone

Question 12

Each seminiferous tubules is linked by a short ____ to the ____

Answer 12

Straight tubule
Rete testis

Question 13

Rete testis

Answer 13

Labyrinth of channels embedded in mediastinum testis

Question 14

~10-20 ____ connect the Rete testis to the ____

Answer 14

Efferent ductules
Epididymis

Question 15

Seminiferous tubules are lined with specialized stratified epithelium called ____

Answer 15

Germinal (spermatogenic) epithelium

Question 16

Innermost layer of fibrous CT covering Basement membrane of seminiferous tubules contains flattened smooth muscle-like ___

Answer 16

Myoid cells
part of CT, not basement membrane

Question 17

Function of myoid cells

Answer 17

Allow for weak contractions of tubule

Question 18

seminiferous tubules

Cell types of germinal epithelium

Answer 18

Sertoli cells
Spermatogenic cells

Question 19

Tight occluding junctions between Sertoli cells form the ____

Answer 19

Blood-testis-barrier

Question 20

Function of blood-testis-barrier

Answer 20

Limit self-antigen exposure, prevents autoimmune attack

Question 21

Sertoli cells produce ___

Answer 21

Androgen-binding protein

Question 22

Function of Androgen-binding protein

Answer 22

Concentrates testosterone

Question 23

Spermatogenic cells regularly replicate and differentiate into mature ____, which involves….

Answer 23

Sperm
Spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis

Question 24

What is spermiogenesis?

Answer 24

• Final physical differentiation process
• no cell division
• spermatids remain associated with Sertoli cells

Question 25

# spermatogenesis Dark staining stem cells called ____ at base of seminiferous tubule undergo ____, giving rise to ____

Answer 25

Spermatogonia Mitosis Primary spermatocytes

Question 26

Primary spermatocytes undergo first meiotic division to form haploid ____

Answer 26

Secondary spermatocytes

Question 27

Secondary spermatocytes undergo second meiotic division to produce small round ____

Answer 27

Spermatids

Question 28

# spermiogenesis Spermatids greatly condense the nucleus forming development of…

Answer 28

1. Acrosome (head) 2. Midpiece (contains mitochondria) 3. Flagellum (tail)

Question 29

____ released from Sertoli cell once mature into tubule lumen (non-motile)

Answer 29

Spermatozoa

Question 30

During puberty, ____ develop in the interstitial tissue surrounding seminiferous tubules

Answer 30

Leydig cells

Question 31

Function of testosterone

Answer 31

Promotes sperm production & development of secondary male sex characteristics

Question 32

# intratesticular ducts From the seminiferous tubules, sperm enter the short ____

Answer 32

Straight tubules

Question 33

# intratesticular ducts Straight tubules lead to the ____

Answer 33

Rete testis (in mediastinum testis)

Question 34

# intratesticular ducts Rete testis lead to ____

Answer 34

Efferent ductules

Question 35

# intratesticular ducts Efferent ductules composition

Answer 35

- ciliated (sperm movement) & non-ciliated (Sertoli cell fluid absorption) cells - smooth muscle in wall of tubules aid in sperm movement

Question 36

# intratesticular ducts Efferent ductules lead to ____

Answer 36

Epididymus

Question 37

Function of excretory genital ducts

Answer 37

Transport sperm from the scrotum (testes) to the penis

Question 38

Epididymis contained one long ____

Answer 38

Coiled duct

Question 39

When sperm mature during passage through epididymis they develop ____

Answer 39

Motility

Question 40

Epididymis is lined by…

Answer 40

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with long stereocilia

Question 41

What types of cells line the Epididymis?

Answer 41

Principal cells & nasal stem cells

Question 42

# Epididymis Principal cells secrete…

Answer 42

Glycolipids & glycoproteins

Question 43

# Epididymis Principal cells absorb…

Answer 43

Most of remaining fluid (not removed by efferent ductules) & other debris (not removed by Sertoli cells)

Question 44

Vas deferens receives sperm from ____ and continues toward the ____

Answer 44

Epididymis Ejaculatory duct

Question 45

Mucosa of vas deferens

Answer 45

- Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with (sparse) stereocilia - LP = elastic fibers

Question 46

Muscularis of vas deferens

Answer 46

Very thick smooth muscle - longitudinal, inner & outer layers, middle circular layer - strong contractions during ejaculation

Question 47

# vas deferens Distal end enlarges to form ____

Answer 47

Ampulla of ductus deferens

Question 48

# vas deferens Ampulla joins with ducts of seminal vesicles to form the ____

Answer 48

Ejaculatory duct

Question 49

# vas deferens Continues through the prostate gland, opening into the ____

Answer 49

Prostatic urethra

Question 50

# vas deferens Prostatic urethra leads to the ____

Answer 50

Penile urethra

Question 51

What are seminal vesicles?

Answer 51

Paired exocrine glands consisting of highly folded, tortuous tubes

Question 52

Mucosa of seminal vesicles

Answer 52

- Anastomosing folds fill lumen - Pseudostratified columnar epithelium - LP = elastic fibers surrounded by smooth muscle

Question 53

Fluid produced by seminal vesicles includes…

Answer 53

Fructose Prostaglandins Fibrinogen

Question 54

Function of fructose

Answer 54

Main metabolic substrate for sperm (also citric acid and other metabolites)

Question 55

Prostate gland is a collection of ____

Answer 55

Tubuloalveolar glands

Question 56

Tubuloalveolar glands are lined by…

Answer 56

Simple cuboidal or columnar to Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 57

Prostate gland produces…

Answer 57

- PSA - prostatic specific antigen - PAP - prostatic specific acid phosphatase - fibrinolysin

Question 58

Prostatic specific antigen (PSA)

Answer 58

Serine protease that helps liquefy coagulated semen (for slow release of sperm) after ejaculation

Question 59

Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) increases in…

Answer 59

Prostate cancer (used as tumour marker for screening)

Question 60

Corpora amylacea

Answer 60

Calcified secretory material around cell fragments, increases as men age

Question 61

Bulbourethral glands empty into the ____

Answer 61

Proximal penile urethra

Question 62

# Bulbourethral glands Each gland has several lobules with tubuloacinar units lined by…

Answer 62

Mucous secreting simple columnar epithelium

Question 63

Bulbourethral secrete…

Answer 63

Clear mucus-like secretion that coats and lubricates urethra in preparation for passage of sperm

Question 64

Corpora cavernosa

Answer 64

2 dorsal masses of erectile tissue in penis

Question 65

Corpus spongiosum

Answer 65

Ventral mass of erectile tissue in penis

Question 66

Corpora cavernosa surrounded by the ____

Answer 66

Tunica albuginea

Question 67

# penis Tunica albuginea

Answer 67

Dense fibroelastic layer