Liver

Question 1

What divides parenchyma into lobules?

Answer 1

CT capsule extends septa (trabeculae) of CT

Question 2

Porta hepatis

Answer 2

Thickening of capsule at hilum on inferior side where dual blood supply enter/exit

Question 3

Dual blood supply of liver

Answer 3

Hepatic portal vein & hepatic artery
- enter at porta hepatis

Question 4

What exits at the porta hepatis?

Answer 4

Hepatic vein, lymphatics, common hepatic duct (bile)

Question 5

Bile exits the liver via the ____

Answer 5

Common hepatic duct

Question 6

Major blood supply of liver

Answer 6

Hepatic portal vein (75%)

Question 7

Main parenchyma cell of liver

Answer 7

Hepatocyte

Question 8

What is a hepatocyte?

Answer 8

Epithelial cell with apical microvilli (at sinusoidal membrane)

Question 9

Liver parenchyma is organized as thousands of ____

Answer 9

Hepatic lobules

Question 10

In hepatic lobules, hepatocytes form irregular plates arranged in cords around a ____

Answer 10

Central vein

Question 11

What is at each corner of hepatic lobules?

Answer 11

Portal triad

Question 12

Components of portal triad

Answer 12

1. Branch of bile duct
2. Branch of hepatic portal vein
3. Branch of hepatic artery

Question 13

Hepatic portal vein is rich in ____, low in ____

Answer 13

Nutrients
O2

Question 14

Hepatic artery supplies…

Answer 14

Less blood but most O2

Question 15

Space of mall (periportal space)

Answer 15

Space around portal triad where lymph originates in liver

Question 16

Between portal triads & central vein, rows of hepatocytes alternate with rows of ____

Answer 16

Sinusoids

Question 17

What are sinusoids?

Answer 17

Discontinuous, fenestrated capillaries where arterial & venous blood mix

Question 18

Blood leaves the hepatic lobule at the ____

Answer 18

Central vein

Question 19

Major physiologic function of liver

Answer 19

Produces bile: exocrine release into bile canaliculi & ducts -> gallbladder

Question 20

All physiological functions of the liver are performed by ____

Answer 20

Hepatocytes

Question 21

Structure of biliary tree

Answer 21

Bile canaliculi -> canals of hering-> bile ductules

Question 22

Hepatocytes produce ____

Answer 22

Bile

Question 23

What is bile?

Answer 23

Fluid for excretion of bilirubin

Question 24

What is bilirubin?

Answer 24

Byproduct of Hb (RBC) breakdown

Question 25

bile is involved in absorption of ____

Answer 25

fats in the gut

Question 26

apical hepatocyte surfaces form ____

Answer 26

bile canaliculi

Question 27

exocrine secretion of bile from hepatocytes initially enter ____

Answer 27

bile canaliculi

Question 28

bile canaliculi empty into ____

Answer 28

canals of Hering

Question 29

canals of Hering are composed of epithelial cells called ____

Answer 29

cholangiocytes

Question 30

canals of Hering merge at the portal triad area with ____

Answer 30

bile ductules

Question 31

location of space of Disse (perisinusoidal space)

Answer 31

space between surfaces of hepatocytes and endothelial cells that line sinusoids

Question 32

function of space of Disse

Answer 32

site of exchange of materials between blood & liver cells

Question 33

what are Kupffer cells?

Answer 33

• macrophages within sinusoidal lining
• APCs that remove bacteria & debris
• recognize & phagocytose aged RBCs

Question 34

function of hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells)

Answer 34

• store vit A and other fat-soluble vitamins
• can also synthesize ECM