- Deliver O2 & nutrients to cells - transport CO2 & waste away from cells - deliver hormones & regulatory substances to/from cells & tissues - maintain homeostasis (thermoregulation, coagulation, buffering/pH)

Blood Flashcards by Lindsay Kirkpatrick

Blood is a specialized ____

Fluid CT

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Functions of blood

Deliver O2 & nutrients to cells
transport CO2 & waste away from cells
deliver hormones & regulatory substances to/from cells & tissues
maintain homeostasis (thermoregulation, coagulation, buffering/pH)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Blood consists of ____ and ____

Formed elements (cells) and fluid (plasma)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 blood cells (formed elements)

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Erethrocytes

RBCs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Leukocytes

WBCs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Thrombocytes

Platelets

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Plasma?

Extracellular, protein-rich fluid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plasma consists of….

Water, proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, respiratory gases, metabolic waste products

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Serum?

Fluid portion of blood after blood has clotted
Same makeup as plasma except clotting proteins have been used up

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Erythrocytes lack….

Nuclei (anucleate) and other organelles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Hemoglobin?

Protein specialized for transport of O2 and CO2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Erythrocytes are full of ____

Hemoglobin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Life span of erythrocytes

~120 days
Membrane proteins critical to protection of membrane and RBC survival

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Leukocytes location

Leave blood and migrate to tissues to perform functions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

5 types of WBCs

Granulocytes:
- Neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
Agranulocytes:
- lymphocytes
- Monocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Granulocytes contain….

Specific (secondary) granules with special functions
Nonspecific (primary, azurophilic) granules which are lysosomes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 granulocytes

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Agranulocytes lack ____ but contain ____

Specific granules
Small nonspecific granules

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nonspecific (azurophilic) granules

Lymphocytes
Monocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Most prevalent WBC

Neutrophils

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does Polymorphonuclear mean?

Segmented nucleus with 2-5 lobes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What WBC is the first line of defence against bacteria?

Neutrophils

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nonspecific granules are large lysosomes containing…

Many enzymes to help kill bacterial pathogens

Eosinophil granules contain MBP and EPO which act to….

Kill parasites

Important in inflammatory response against allergies

Eosinophils

Eosinophils secrete

Histaminase (neutralizes histamine)

Rarest WBC

Basophils

Basophil granules contain ____ and ____

Histamine Heparin

Histamine function

Vasodilator and increase vascular permeability

Heparin function

Anticoagulant

Associated with Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions (AKA immediate hypersensitivity reactions) and may lead to anaphylaxis

Basophils

Basophils are associated with ____ reactions and may lead to ____

Type 1 hypersensitivity Anaphylaxis

Most numerous agranulocyte

Lymphocytes

Main functional cell of the immune system

Lymphocyte

3 functional distinct types of lymphocytes

- T lymphocytes (T cells) - B lymphocytes (B cells) - Natural killer (NK) cells

Functional lymphocyte involved with cell-mediated immunity

T Cells/T lymphocytes

2 types of T lymphocytes

T helper cells - CD4+ T cytotoxic cells - CD8+

Functional lymphocyte involved in humoral immunity (antibody production)

B lymphocytes (B cells)

Monocyte function

Function as **antigen presenting cells (APCs)** Clean up debris

How do RBCs protect their membrane and ensure their survival?

Biconcave discs allow flexibility to fit through microvasculature

Neutrophils are ____, the first line of defence against bacteria

Phagocytic

Difference between appearance of eosinophils and neutrophils

Same size, but eosinophil nucleus is typically bi-lobed

Largest of WBCs

Monocytes

Monocytes produce many ____

Inflammatory mediators (eg. Cytokines)

When monocytes leave vasculature they become ____

Macrophages

What WBCs leave the vasculature to become macrophages?

Monocytes

Thrombocytes are derived from

**Megakaryocytes** in bone marrow

Hyalomere

Lighter staining peripheral zone

Granulomere

Darker staining central zone, rich in granules

Platelets function in…

Controlling blood loss: - **Platelet adhesion & aggregation** forming platelet plug at site of vascular damage (primary hemostasis) - **blood coagulation**: platelets work with plasma coagulation proteins to form a fibrin clot (secondary hemostasis)

What is hemopoisis/hematopoiesis?

Formation of new blood cells in the bone marrow

Hemopoiesis includes….

Erythropoiesis Thrombopoiesis Leukopoiesis (granulopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, monocytopoiesis)

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

Red bone marrow

New blood cells are derived from a common ____

Pluripotential stem cell (or hemopoietic stem cell)

Colony stimulating factors (CSFs)

Growth factors that initiate the differentiation of the pluripotential stem cell into **colony-forming units (CFUs)**

2 lineages of progenitor cells committed to production of specific blood cell

Myeloid line Lymphoid line

Sinusoidal capillaries

Gaps between endothelial cells in bone marrow Allow for easier release of mature blood cells into peripheral circulation