Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NYCC Histology > Lymphatic Organs & Tissue > Flashcards

Lymphatic Organs & Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Small bean shaped encapsulated lymphatic organs located along the pathway of lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 types of lymphatic vessels

A

Afferent & efferent lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Afferent lymphatic vessels

A

Bring lymph into lymph node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Efferent lymphatic vessels

A

Brings lymph away from lymph node at the hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hilum

A

Concave depression on the concave surface, serves as an entrance/exit for blood & lymphatic vessels & nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Supporting elements of lymph nodes

A

Capsule
Trabeculae (CT septa)
Reticular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

lymph nodes

Capsule is composed of…

A

dense irregular CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lymph nodes

Trabeculae (CT septa)

A

CT extensions from the capsule that extend into the lymph node forming a supportive framework

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

lymph nodes

Reticular tissue

A

Reticular cells & fibers form a fine supporting meshwork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

General architecture of lymph node

A

Parenchyma divided into cortex & medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

lymph nodes

Parenchyma is divided into ____ and ____

A

Cortex & medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

lymph nodes

Subcapsular sinus

A

Immediately below the capsule, receives lymph from afferent lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

lymph nodes

Cortical (trabecular) sinuses

A

Branching from the subcapsular sinus among the lymphatic nodules within Trabeculae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lymphatic (lymphoid) nodules

A

Round aggregations of lymphocytes, mostly B lymphocytes (B cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 types of lymphatic nodules

A

Primary & secondary lymphatic nodules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Primary lymphatic nodule immune function

A

Currently no immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Secondary lymphatic nodule immune function

A

Immune response to antigen presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Secondary lymphatic nodules structure

A
  • paler germinal centre of proliferating lymphocytes (mostly B cells) surrounded by corona (mantle) of smaller mature B lymphocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lymphatic nodules may transition into ____

A

Diffuse lymphatic tissue - random lymphocyte arrangement between nodules
(Not bound by CT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lymph nodes

Paracortex

A

Deeper extension of the cortex, no lymphatic nodules, diffuse lymphatic tissue, mostly T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

lymph nodes

High endothelial venules (HEVs) are located in the ____

A

Paracortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

lymph nodes

Paracortex contains mostly ____

A

T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

High endothelial venules (HEVs)

A

Specialized post capillary venules, entry point for most circulating lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

lymph nodes

2 major components of medulla

A

Medullary cords
Medullary sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

lymph nodes

Medullary cords

A

Branched, cord-like masses of reticular fibers containing mostly B lymphocytes, and plasma cells. T lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells

26
Q

lymph nodes

Medullary cords contain branched cord-like masses of ____

A

Reticular fibers

27
Q

lymph nodes

Medullary cords contains mostly ____

A

B lymphocytes

28
Q

lymph nodes

Medullary sinuses

A
  • Dilated lymphatic vessels with discontinuous endothelium, extending from cortical sinuses
  • converge & empty into into efferent lymphatic vessel at the hilum
29
Q

lymph nodes

Medullary sinuses extend from the ____

A

Cortical sinuses

30
Q

Medullary sinuses converge & empty into the ____ at the ____

A

Efferent lymphatic vessel at the hilum

31
Q

Thymus location

A

Bi-lobed organ in the superior mediastinum, anterior to the heart

32
Q

Thymus function

A

Site of T-cell differentiation (into thymocytes) & proliferation

33
Q

Only ____ reside in the thymus

A

T lymphocytes

34
Q

General architecture of thymus

A
  • CT capsule surrounding thymus
  • Trabeculae (CT septa) extending from capsule into parenchyma, separating tissue into completely separate thymic lobules
35
Q

Epithelioreticular cells

A

Features of reticular cells & epithelial cells
- supportive cells, no true CT fibers within a thymic lobule

36
Q

Epithelioreticular cells function

A
  • line capsule, Trabeculae & surround microvasculature, forming blood-thymus barrier
  • form cytoreticulum to support thymocytes
37
Q

Blood-thymus barrier

A

Prevents exposure of thymocytes (T cells) to antigens

38
Q

thymus

Cortex

A

Each lobule has an outer darker staining region, more densely packed thymocytes (T cells)

39
Q

thymus

Medulla

A

Paler staining (fewer thymocytes), Epithelioreticular cells more visible

40
Q

thymus

Hassall’s corpuscles (thymic corpuscles) are located in the ____

A

Medulla

41
Q

Hassall’s corpuscles

A
  • Larger aggregates of concentrically wrapped Epithelioreticular cells, contain keratohyalin granules
  • thought to produce factors (interleukins) that promote T cell development
42
Q

Hassall’s corpuscles are thought to produce ____

A

Factors (interleukins) that promote T cells development

43
Q

What are the specialized post Capillary venules located in the Paracortex of a lymph node, that act as an entry point for most circulating lymphocytes?

A

HEVs

44
Q

Functions of spleen

A
  • filter blood & react immunologically to blood-borne antigens (white pulp & red pulp)
  • main site of destruction & removal of old, damaged & abnormal RBCs & platelets AND storage of extra RBCs (red pulp)
45
Q

spleen

General architecture

A

CT capsule - surrounds spleen
Trabeculae (CT septa) - contain myofibroblasts
Hilum - splenic artery enters here

46
Q

spleen

Functions of Trabeculae (CT septa)

A
  • support trabecular arteries
  • myofibroblasts help release RBC storage pool when necessary
47
Q

spleen

Where does the splenic artery enter?

A

Hilum

48
Q

spleen

Parenchyma consists of ____ & ____

A

Red pulp & white pulp

49
Q

spleen

What is White pulp

A

Lymphatic nodules (primary or secondary, mainly B lymphocytes)

50
Q

White pulp contains a ____

A

Central artery

51
Q

spleen

What Branches from trabecular arteries?

A

Central artery
- splenic a.
- trabecular aa.
- central aa.
- penicillar arterioles
- sinusoids

52
Q

spleen

Periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS)

A
  • Cylindrical aggregation of lymphocytes around the central artery
  • mainly T lymphocytes in initial formation of white pulp
53
Q

spleen

Red pulp is made up of…

A

Splenic cords (billroth cords)
Splenic sinusoids (sinuses)

54
Q

spleen

Splenic cords (billroth cords)

A

Reticular tissue containing large numbers of stored RBCs, macrophages & lymphocytes, and plasma cells & dendritic cells

55
Q

spleen

Splenic sinusoids (sinuses)

A

Sinusoidal capillaries, site where senescent RBCs are removed

56
Q

spleen

Penicillar arterioles:
1/2 are ____
1/2 are ____

A
  • 1/2 open ended: dumping blood into stroma of splenic cords
  • 1/2 are typical closed circulation
57
Q

Diffuse & Mucosa-Associated Lymphatic Tissue includes…

A
  • MALT - mucosa associated lymphatic tissue (eg. GALT, BALT)
  • tonsils
  • Peyer’s patches (ileum)
  • appendix
58
Q

3 tonsils

A
  • palatine tonsils
  • pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
  • lingual tonsils
59
Q

What are tonsils?

A
  • 3 irregular masses of lymphoid tissue in the oral cavity & nasopharynx
  • cells encounter antigens entering mouth & nose
60
Q

Immune cells in the tonsils are…

A

Not permanent
- lymphocytes come and go as necessary to accommodate immune response

61
Q

Lymphocytes in appendix

A

Lymphocytes dispersed diffusely throughout CT of mucosa or aggregated into nodules

62
Q

Immune cells of appendix are…

A

Not permanent
- lymphocytes come & go as necessary to accommodate immune response

NYCC Histology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions