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NYCC Histology > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Circulatory system includes…

A

Lymphatic & cardiovascular systems

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2
Q

Cardiovascular system includes….

A

Heart
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

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3
Q

Heart

A

Propels blood through system

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4
Q

Arteries

A

Vessels from heart carrying oxygenated blood to tissues (away from heart)

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5
Q

Capillaries

A

Smallest vessels, sites of O2, CO2, nutrient & waste exchange

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6
Q

Veins

A

Carry deoxygenated blood back to heart

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7
Q

2 major divisions of cardiovascular system

A

Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation

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8
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Conveys blood from heart to lungs and from lungs back to heart

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9
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Conveys blood from heart to other tissues of the body, and from those tissues back to heart

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10
Q

Lymphatic vascular system

A

Carries lymph (interstitial fluid) through vessels that connect back to the vascular system and empty into large veins near the heart
Acts as major distributor of immune components (lymphocytes, antibodies)

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11
Q

3 major layers of heart chambers

A
  1. Endocardium
    - Endothelium
    - Myoelastic layer
    - Subendocardial layer
  2. Myocardium
  3. Epicardium
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12
Q

Endocardium

A

Most internal layer of heart

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13
Q

Subendocardial layer of heart contains ____

A

Purkinje fibers

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14
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

Terminal branches of conducting system originating from AV node, deliver contraction impulse to cardiac muscle cells of ventricles

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15
Q

Myocardium

A

Thickest layer containing cardiac muscle

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16
Q

Epicardium

A

Simple squamous mesothelium supported by CT
corresponds to visceral layer of pericardium

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17
Q

Layers of vascular wall

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

18
Q

3 components of tunica intima

A
  • endothelium
  • basal lamina
  • subendothelial layer
19
Q

Internal elastic lamina

A

Sheet-like layer of elastin with fenestrations to allow for diffusion of substances deeper into vessel wall
(In subendothelial layer of arteries & arterioles)

20
Q

What is the thickest layer in arteries & arterioles?

A

Tunica media

21
Q

In larger arteries, an ____ separates the tunica media from tunica adventitia

A

External elastic lamina

22
Q

What is the thickest layer in veins & venules?

A

Tunica adventitia

23
Q

In the tunica adventitia, arteries and veins contain ____ & ____

A

Vasa vasorum and nervi vasorum

24
Q

Vasa vasorum

A

Smaller BVs, supply blood to vascular wall

25
Q

Nervi vasorum

A

Autonomic nerves that control contraction of smooth muscle in vessel walls

26
Q

Blood vessels ____ frequently and undergo _____ into different types of vessels that make up the vasculature

A

Branch
Gradual transitions

27
Q

Primary function of large arteries or elastic arteries

A

Conducting arteries (carry blood to smaller arteries)

28
Q

Primary function of medium/muscular arteries

A

Distributing arteries (carry blood to organs)

29
Q

Capillaries are often surrounded by ____

A

Pericytes

30
Q

Pericytes

A

Perivascular contractile cells that facilitate blood flow; involved in microvascular remodelling & repair

31
Q

3 histologic types of capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Discontinuous

32
Q

Most common histologic type of capillary

A

Continuous

33
Q

Continuous capillaries

A

Tight junctions between endothelial cells so that all exchange must occur through the cells

34
Q

Fenestrated capillaries

A
  • Have small pores called fenestrations through the cells, but basement membrane is continuous
  • allows more extensive molecular exchange across endothelium
35
Q

Discontinuous capillaries (sinusoids, Sinusoidal)

A

Fenestrations through endothelial cells, larger gaps between cells with discontinuous basement membranes allow for maximal exchange of macromolecules & cells

36
Q

Post capillary venules collect blood from

A

Capillary networks

37
Q

Post capillary venules contain ____

A

Pericytes

38
Q

Tunica media of post capillary venules

A

Establish a tunica media of 2-3 layers of scattered smooth muscle

39
Q

Important feature of medium veins

A

Valves

40
Q

Valves

A

Thin, paired folds of tunica intima projecting across lumen, help keep venous return directed to heart

41
Q

Adventitia of large veins

A

Very thick and contains longitudinal bundles of smooth muscle

42
Q

Primary Function of lymphatic vessels (lymphatic capillaries)

A

Remove substances & fluids from Extracellular spaces of CT = lymph
Conveys lymph fluids from tissues into blood

NYCC Histology (21 decks)

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