Blood Vessels

Question 1

Circulatory system includes…

Answer 1

Lymphatic & cardiovascular systems

Question 2

Cardiovascular system includes….

Answer 2

Heart
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

Question 3

Heart

Answer 3

Propels blood through system

Question 4

Arteries

Answer 4

Vessels from heart carrying oxygenated blood to tissues (away from heart)

Question 5

Capillaries

Answer 5

Smallest vessels, sites of O2, CO2, nutrient & waste exchange

Question 6

Veins

Answer 6

Carry deoxygenated blood back to heart

Question 7

2 major divisions of cardiovascular system

Answer 7

Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation

Question 8

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 8

Conveys blood from heart to lungs and from lungs back to heart

Question 9

Systemic circulation

Answer 9

Conveys blood from heart to other tissues of the body, and from those tissues back to heart

Question 10

Lymphatic vascular system

Answer 10

Carries lymph (interstitial fluid) through vessels that connect back to the vascular system and empty into large veins near the heart
Acts as major distributor of immune components (lymphocytes, antibodies)

Question 11

3 major layers of heart chambers

Answer 11

1. Endocardium
   - Endothelium
   - Myoelastic layer
   - Subendocardial layer
2. Myocardium
3. Epicardium

Question 12

Endocardium

Answer 12

Most internal layer of heart

Question 13

Subendocardial layer of heart contains ____

Answer 13

Purkinje fibers

Question 14

Purkinje fibers

Answer 14

Terminal branches of conducting system originating from AV node, deliver contraction impulse to cardiac muscle cells of ventricles

Question 15

Myocardium

Answer 15

Thickest layer containing cardiac muscle

Question 16

Epicardium

Answer 16

Simple squamous mesothelium supported by CT
corresponds to visceral layer of pericardium

Question 17

Layers of vascular wall

Answer 17

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

Question 18

3 components of tunica intima

Answer 18

• endothelium
• basal lamina
• subendothelial layer

Question 19

Internal elastic lamina

Answer 19

Sheet-like layer of elastin with fenestrations to allow for diffusion of substances deeper into vessel wall
(In subendothelial layer of arteries & arterioles)

Question 20

What is the thickest layer in arteries & arterioles?

Answer 20

Tunica media

Question 21

In larger arteries, an ____ separates the tunica media from tunica adventitia

Answer 21

External elastic lamina

Question 22

What is the thickest layer in veins & venules?

Answer 22

Tunica adventitia

Question 23

In the tunica adventitia, arteries and veins contain ____ & ____

Answer 23

Vasa vasorum and nervi vasorum

Question 24

Vasa vasorum

Answer 24

Smaller BVs, supply blood to vascular wall

Question 25

Nervi vasorum

Answer 25

Autonomic nerves that control contraction of smooth muscle in vessel walls

Question 26

Blood vessels ____ frequently and undergo _____ into different types of vessels that make up the vasculature

Answer 26

Branch Gradual transitions

Question 27

Primary function of large arteries or elastic arteries

Answer 27

Conducting arteries (carry blood to smaller arteries)

Question 28

Primary function of medium/muscular arteries

Answer 28

Distributing arteries (carry blood to organs)

Question 29

Capillaries are often surrounded by ____

Answer 29

Pericytes

Question 30

Pericytes

Answer 30

Perivascular contractile cells that facilitate blood flow; involved in microvascular remodelling & repair

Question 31

3 histologic types of capillaries

Answer 31

Continuous Fenestrated Discontinuous

Question 32

Most common histologic type of capillary

Answer 32

Continuous

Question 33

Continuous capillaries

Answer 33

Tight junctions between endothelial cells so that all exchange must occur through the cells

Question 34

Fenestrated capillaries

Answer 34

- Have small pores called fenestrations through the cells, but basement membrane is continuous - allows more extensive molecular exchange across endothelium

Question 35

Discontinuous capillaries (sinusoids, Sinusoidal)

Answer 35

Fenestrations through endothelial cells, larger gaps between cells with discontinuous basement membranes allow for maximal exchange of macromolecules & cells

Question 36

Post capillary venules collect blood from

Answer 36

Capillary networks

Question 37

Post capillary venules contain ____

Answer 37

Pericytes

Question 38

Tunica media of post capillary venules

Answer 38

Establish a tunica media of 2-3 layers of scattered smooth muscle

Question 39

Important feature of medium veins

Answer 39

Valves

Question 40

Valves

Answer 40

Thin, paired folds of tunica intima projecting across lumen, help keep venous return directed to heart

Question 41

Adventitia of large veins

Answer 41

Very thick and contains longitudinal bundles of smooth muscle

Question 42

Primary Function of lymphatic vessels (lymphatic capillaries)

Answer 42

Remove substances & fluids from Extracellular spaces of CT = **lymph** Conveys lymph fluids from tissues into blood