Cartilage & Bone Flashcards
What type of collagen predominates in cartilage?
Type 2 collagen
Canals that travel transversely between Haversian canals (Osteons) carrying blood vessels and nerves are called _______
Volkmann canals
cartilage is a tough, durable, ____ CT
avascular
cartilage contains a highly specialized ECM and cells called ____
chondrocytes
ECM of cartilage
- firm, somewhat pliable
- contains no other cell types
- GAGs and type 2 collagen
chondrocytes function
synthesize and maintain components of ECM
chondrocytes are located in cavities called ____
lacunae
sheath of dense irregular CT surrounding cartilage in most places
perichondrium
types of cartilage
hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage
hyaline cartilage
location
- articular surfaces of moveable joints
- epiphyseal plates of long bones
- embryo
distinguished by a homogeneous amorphous ECM
hyaline cartilage
macromolecules of hyaline cartilage ECM
- collagen (type 2)
- proteoglycans
- multiadhesive glycoproteins
chondrocytes in hyaline cartilage are distributed either singularly or in clusters called ____ groups
isogenous
isogenous groups represent ____
cells that have recently divided
newly divided chondrocytes produce territorial matrix that surrounds them
territorial matrix
deeper staining area of ECM closest to chondrocytes
richer in GAGs than collagen fibers
interterritorial
lighter staining ECM region occupying space between groups of chondrocytes
outer layer or ____ of perichondrium consists of ____
fibrous layer consists of type 1 collagen & fibroblasts
inner layer or ____ of perichondrium consists of ____
chondrogenic layer consists of type 1 collagen & chondroblasts
the perichondrium consists of ____
type 1 collagen
all hyaline cartilage has a perichondrium except ____
articular cartilage
growth of cartilage
interstitual
appositional
isogenous groups represent ____ growth
interstitial growth
interstitial growth
- growth from within cartilage proper
- chondrocytes divide -> isogenous groups
appositional growth
maturation of cells from perichondrium:
fibroblast-> chondroblast-> chondrocyte
elastic cartilage is distinguished by ____ in a meshwork of ____
elastic fibers in type 2 collagen fibrils
locations of elastic cartilage
external ear
auditory tubes
epiglottis
elastic cartilage is surrounded by ____
perichondrium
presence of perichondrium indicates ____ growth
appositional
fibrocartilage is a combination of ____ and ____
dense CT and hyaline cartilage
fibrocartilage
location
- IVD
- temporomandibular & SC joints
- meniscus
- pubic symphysis
- certain ligaments
fibrocartilage
function
resistance of compressive & shearing forces
herring bone pattern location
fibrocartilage (chondrocytes in lacunae)
fibrocartilage ECM contains ____ and ____
type 1 and 2 collagen
is fibrocartilage surrounded by perichondrium?
no -> interstitial growth
chondrogenesis
formation of cartilage from embryonic mesenchyme
bone CT is characterized by a ____ ECM
mineralized ECM (hydroxyapatite crystals)
hydroxyapatite crystals
calcium phosphate in ECM of bone
bone ECM contains mainly ____
type 1 collagen
other matrix proteins in bone ECM
osteonectin
osteonectin
glue between collagen & hydroxyapatite crystals
bone cells
osteoprogenitor cells
osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts
osteoprogenitor cells arise from ____
mesenchymal stem cells
osteoprogenitor cells give rise to ____
osteoblasts
osteoprogenitor cells location
external & internal surfaces of bone
only bone cell to undergo division
osteoprogenitor cells
