Cartilage & Bone

Question 1

What type of collagen predominates in cartilage?

Answer 1

Type 2 collagen

Question 2

Canals that travel transversely between Haversian canals (Osteons) carrying blood vessels and nerves are called _______

Answer 2

Volkmann canals

Question 3

cartilage is a tough, durable, ____ CT

Answer 3

avascular

Question 4

cartilage contains a highly specialized ECM and cells called ____

Answer 4

chondrocytes

Question 5

ECM of cartilage

Answer 5

• firm, somewhat pliable
• contains no other cell types
• GAGs and type 2 collagen

Question 6

chondrocytes function

Answer 6

synthesize and maintain components of ECM

Question 7

chondrocytes are located in cavities called ____

Answer 7

lacunae

Question 8

sheath of dense irregular CT surrounding cartilage in most places

Answer 8

perichondrium

Question 9

types of cartilage

Answer 9

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

Question 10

hyaline cartilage

location

Answer 10

• articular surfaces of moveable joints
• epiphyseal plates of long bones
• embryo

Question 11

distinguished by a homogeneous amorphous ECM

Answer 11

hyaline cartilage

Question 12

macromolecules of hyaline cartilage ECM

Answer 12

• collagen (type 2)
• proteoglycans
• multiadhesive glycoproteins

Question 13

chondrocytes in hyaline cartilage are distributed either singularly or in clusters called ____ groups

Answer 13

isogenous

Question 14

isogenous groups represent ____

Answer 14

cells that have recently divided
newly divided chondrocytes produce territorial matrix that surrounds them

Question 15

territorial matrix

Answer 15

deeper staining area of ECM closest to chondrocytes
richer in GAGs than collagen fibers

Question 16

interterritorial

Answer 16

lighter staining ECM region occupying space between groups of chondrocytes

Question 17

outer layer or ____ of perichondrium consists of ____

Answer 17

fibrous layer consists of type 1 collagen & fibroblasts

Question 18

inner layer or ____ of perichondrium consists of ____

Answer 18

chondrogenic layer consists of type 1 collagen & chondroblasts

Question 19

the perichondrium consists of ____

Answer 19

type 1 collagen

Question 20

all hyaline cartilage has a perichondrium except ____

Answer 20

articular cartilage

Question 21

growth of cartilage

Answer 21

interstitual
appositional

Question 22

isogenous groups represent ____ growth

Answer 22

interstitial growth

Question 23

interstitial growth

Answer 23

• growth from within cartilage proper
• chondrocytes divide -> isogenous groups

Question 24

appositional growth

Answer 24

maturation of cells from perichondrium:
fibroblast-> chondroblast-> chondrocyte

Question 25

elastic cartilage is distinguished by ____ in a meshwork of ____

Answer 25

elastic fibers in type 2 collagen fibrils

Question 26

locations of elastic cartilage

Answer 26

external ear auditory tubes epiglottis

Question 27

elastic cartilage is surrounded by ____

Answer 27

perichondrium

Question 28

presence of perichondrium indicates ____ growth

Answer 28

appositional

Question 29

fibrocartilage is a combination of ____ and ____

Answer 29

dense CT and hyaline cartilage

Question 30

# fibrocartilage location

Answer 30

- IVD - temporomandibular & SC joints - meniscus - pubic symphysis - certain ligaments

Question 31

# fibrocartilage function

Answer 31

resistance of compressive & shearing forces

Question 32

herring bone pattern location

Answer 32

fibrocartilage (chondrocytes in lacunae)

Question 33

fibrocartilage ECM contains ____ and ____

Answer 33

type 1 and 2 collagen

Question 34

is fibrocartilage surrounded by perichondrium?

Answer 34

no -> interstitial growth

Question 35

chondrogenesis

Answer 35

formation of cartilage from embryonic mesenchyme

Question 36

bone CT is characterized by a ____ ECM

Answer 36

mineralized ECM (hydroxyapatite crystals)

Question 37

hydroxyapatite crystals

Answer 37

calcium phosphate in ECM of bone

Question 38

bone ECM contains mainly ____

Answer 38

type 1 collagen

Question 39

other matrix proteins in bone ECM

Answer 39

osteonectin

Question 40

osteonectin

Answer 40

glue between collagen & hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 41

bone cells

Answer 41

osteoprogenitor cells osteoblasts osteocytes osteoclasts

Question 42

osteoprogenitor cells arise from ____

Answer 42

mesenchymal stem cells

Question 43

osteoprogenitor cells give rise to ____

Answer 43

osteoblasts

Question 44

osteoprogenitor cells location

Answer 44

external & internal surfaces of bone

Question 45

only bone cell to undergo division

Answer 45

osteoprogenitor cells