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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY > RESPIRATORY DISEASES > Flashcards

RESPIRATORY DISEASES Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

acute, contagious, streptococcal infection affecting the pharynx, larynx, and tonsils

A

streptococcal pharyngitis

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2
Q

streptococcal pharyngitis is also known as?

A

strep throat, sore throat

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3
Q

causative agent of streptococcal pharyngitis

A

streptococcus pyogenes

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4
Q

mode of transmission of streptococcal pharyngitis

A
  • droplet
  • contact
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5
Q

SS:

  • pharyngitis
  • tonsillitis
  • dysphagia
  • cervical lymphadenopathy
  • fever
  • malaise
A

streptococcal pharyngitis

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6
Q

complications of streptococcal pharyngitis

A
  • sinusitis
  • otitis media
  • RHD
  • AGN
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7
Q

diagnostic test for streptococcal pharyngitis

A
  • PE
  • throat culture
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8
Q

treatment for streptococcal pharyngitis

A
  • bed rest
  • saline gargle
  • lozenges
  • soft diet
  • penicillin
  • cephalosporin
  • erythomycin
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9
Q

infection and inflammation of the lung parenchyma

A

pneumonia

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10
Q

causative agents of pneumonia

A

bacteria
- s. pneumoniae
- klebsiella pneumoniae
- p. aeruginosa

virus
- Respiratory syncytial virus
- Cytomegalovirus
- influenza

fungi
- pneumocystic carinii
- cryptococcus neoformans
- histoplasma capsulatum

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11
Q

SS:

  • fever
  • malaise
  • myalgia
  • productive cough
  • dyspnea
  • tachypnea
  • pleuritic chest pain
A

pneumonia

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12
Q

mode of transmission of pneumonia

A
  • droplet
  • aspiration
  • hematogenous
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13
Q

complications of pneumonia

A
  • hypoxemia
  • respiratory failure
  • lung abscess
  • pleural effusion
  • pericarditis
  • sepsis
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14
Q

diagnostic test for pneumonia

A
  • PE
  • sputum exam
  • chest x-ray
  • WBC differential
  • Pulmonary Function Test
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15
Q

treatment for pneumonia

A
  • co-amoxiclav
  • co-trimoxazole
  • unasyn
  • tazocin
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16
Q

zoonotic, pandemic, contagious infection resulting to viral pneumonia

A

avian flu and swine flu

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17
Q

avian flu is also known as?

A
  • h5n1
  • bird flu
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18
Q

causative agent of avian and swine flu

A

influenza virus type A

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19
Q

mode of transmission of avian flu

A

contact

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20
Q

SS:

  • fever
  • headache
  • fatigue
  • myalgia
  • pharyngitis
  • rhinorrhea
A

avian flu

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21
Q

complication of avian flu

A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

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22
Q

diagnostic test for Acute respiratory distress syndrome

A
  • PE
  • throat culture
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23
Q

treatment for avian flu

A
  • paracetamol
  • guaifenesin
  • dextromethrophan
  • antivirals (oseltamivir, zanamivir)
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24
Q

swine flu is also known as?

A

h1n1

25
Q

mode of transmission of swine flu

A
  • droplet
  • contact
26
Q

SS:

  • fever
  • headache
  • malaise
  • myalgia
  • anorexia
  • N/V
  • diarrhea
A

swine flu

27
Q

complications of swine flu

A
  • pneumonia
  • seizures
28
Q

diagnostic test for swine flu

A
  • PE
  • h1n1 test strip
29
Q

treatment for swine flu

A
  • paracetamol
  • antivirals (oseltamivir, zanamivir)
30
Q

causative agent of SARS

A

coronavirus

31
Q

mode of transmission of SARS

A
  • droplet
  • contact
32
Q

SS:

  • high fever
  • severe headache
  • myalgia
  • dyspnea
  • non-productive cough
  • pharyngitis
  • rhinorrhea
A

SARS

33
Q

complication of SARS

A

respiratory failure

34
Q

diagnostic test for SARS

A
  • PE
  • chest xray
  • PCR
35
Q

treatment for SARS

A
  • bed rest
  • inc. fluid intake
  • O2 therapy
  • corticosteroids
  • antivirals: ribavirin
36
Q

A highly infectious disease caused by SARSCoronavirus-2

A

covid-19

37
Q

incubation period of covid 19

A

2-14 days

38
Q

SS:

  • fever
  • dry cough
  • lethargy
  • nasal congestion, headaches
  • sore throat
  • loss of taste or smell
A

covid 19

39
Q

complications of covid 19

A
  • ARS
  • kidney injury
  • blood clots
  • shock
40
Q

diagnostic test for covid 19

A
  • antigen
  • RT-PCR
  • chest xray
41
Q

treatment for covid 19

A
  • antivirals
  • bed rest
  • isolation
42
Q

A bacterial infection targeting the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract

A

diptheria

43
Q

causative agent of diptheria

A

corynebacterium diptheriae

44
Q

SS:

  • sore throat
  • breathing probs
  • thick and gray pseudomembrane
  • nasal disacharge
A

diptheria

45
Q

incubation period of diptheria

A

2-5 days

46
Q

complications of diptheria

A
  • myocarditis
  • nerve damage
  • airway obstruction
47
Q

diagnostic test for diptheria

A

elek’s test

48
Q

treatment for diptheria

A

antibiotic therapy (penicillin, erythromycin)

49
Q

vaccine for diptheria

A

DTaP vaccine - doses at 2, 4, 6 months

50
Q

Also called whooping cough, is a highly contagious infection in the lower respiratory tract

A

pertussis

51
Q

causative agent of pertussis

A

bordetella pertussis

52
Q

SS:

  • runny nose
  • cough
  • nasal congestion
  • red watery eyes
  • fever
A

pertussis

53
Q

incubation period of pertussis

A

7-10 days

54
Q

stage of pertussis:

  • mild manifestation of cold, runny nose, mild fever and cough
  • most contagious stage
A

catarrhal stage

55
Q

stage of pertussis:

  • last for 2-10 weeks; associated with bulging of eyes and neck vein engorgement d/t pressure
  • whooping sound starts to show
A

paroxysmal stage

56
Q

stage of pertussis:

  • patient is no longer contagious
  • recovery phase
A

convalescent stage

57
Q

complications of pertussis for adults

A
  • hemorrhage
  • cracked ribs
  • abdominal hernias
58
Q

complications of pertussis for infants

A
  • pneumonia
  • slowed breathing
  • anorexia
  • seizures
  • brain damage
59
Q

treatment for pertussis

A

antibiotics (ery, clari, azi-)

MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY (18 decks)

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