RESPIRATORY DISEASES Flashcards
acute, contagious, streptococcal infection affecting the pharynx, larynx, and tonsils
streptococcal pharyngitis
streptococcal pharyngitis is also known as?
strep throat, sore throat
causative agent of streptococcal pharyngitis
streptococcus pyogenes
mode of transmission of streptococcal pharyngitis
- droplet
- contact
SS:
- pharyngitis
- tonsillitis
- dysphagia
- cervical lymphadenopathy
- fever
- malaise
streptococcal pharyngitis
complications of streptococcal pharyngitis
- sinusitis
- otitis media
- RHD
- AGN
diagnostic test for streptococcal pharyngitis
- PE
- throat culture
treatment for streptococcal pharyngitis
- bed rest
- saline gargle
- lozenges
- soft diet
- penicillin
- cephalosporin
- erythomycin
infection and inflammation of the lung parenchyma
pneumonia
causative agents of pneumonia
bacteria
- s. pneumoniae
- klebsiella pneumoniae
- p. aeruginosa
virus
- Respiratory syncytial virus
- Cytomegalovirus
- influenza
fungi
- pneumocystic carinii
- cryptococcus neoformans
- histoplasma capsulatum
SS:
- fever
- malaise
- myalgia
- productive cough
- dyspnea
- tachypnea
- pleuritic chest pain
pneumonia
mode of transmission of pneumonia
- droplet
- aspiration
- hematogenous
complications of pneumonia
- hypoxemia
- respiratory failure
- lung abscess
- pleural effusion
- pericarditis
- sepsis
diagnostic test for pneumonia
- PE
- sputum exam
- chest x-ray
- WBC differential
- Pulmonary Function Test
treatment for pneumonia
- co-amoxiclav
- co-trimoxazole
- unasyn
- tazocin
zoonotic, pandemic, contagious infection resulting to viral pneumonia
avian flu and swine flu
avian flu is also known as?
- h5n1
- bird flu
causative agent of avian and swine flu
influenza virus type A
mode of transmission of avian flu
contact
SS:
- fever
- headache
- fatigue
- myalgia
- pharyngitis
- rhinorrhea
avian flu
complication of avian flu
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
diagnostic test for Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- PE
- throat culture
treatment for avian flu
- paracetamol
- guaifenesin
- dextromethrophan
- antivirals (oseltamivir, zanamivir)
swine flu is also known as?
h1n1
mode of transmission of swine flu
- droplet
- contact
SS:
- fever
- headache
- malaise
- myalgia
- anorexia
- N/V
- diarrhea
swine flu
complications of swine flu
- pneumonia
- seizures
diagnostic test for swine flu
- PE
- h1n1 test strip
treatment for swine flu
- paracetamol
- antivirals (oseltamivir, zanamivir)
causative agent of SARS
coronavirus
mode of transmission of SARS
- droplet
- contact
SS:
- high fever
- severe headache
- myalgia
- dyspnea
- non-productive cough
- pharyngitis
- rhinorrhea
SARS
complication of SARS
respiratory failure
diagnostic test for SARS
- PE
- chest xray
- PCR
treatment for SARS
- bed rest
- inc. fluid intake
- O2 therapy
- corticosteroids
- antivirals: ribavirin
A highly infectious disease caused by SARSCoronavirus-2
covid-19
incubation period of covid 19
2-14 days
SS:
- fever
- dry cough
- lethargy
- nasal congestion, headaches
- sore throat
- loss of taste or smell
covid 19
complications of covid 19
- ARS
- kidney injury
- blood clots
- shock
diagnostic test for covid 19
- antigen
- RT-PCR
- chest xray
treatment for covid 19
- antivirals
- bed rest
- isolation
A bacterial infection targeting the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract
diptheria
causative agent of diptheria
corynebacterium diptheriae
SS:
- sore throat
- breathing probs
- thick and gray pseudomembrane
- nasal disacharge
diptheria
incubation period of diptheria
2-5 days
complications of diptheria
- myocarditis
- nerve damage
- airway obstruction
diagnostic test for diptheria
elek’s test
treatment for diptheria
antibiotic therapy (penicillin, erythromycin)
vaccine for diptheria
DTaP vaccine - doses at 2, 4, 6 months
Also called whooping cough, is a highly contagious infection in the lower respiratory tract
pertussis
causative agent of pertussis
bordetella pertussis
SS:
- runny nose
- cough
- nasal congestion
- red watery eyes
- fever
pertussis
incubation period of pertussis
7-10 days
stage of pertussis:
- mild manifestation of cold, runny nose, mild fever and cough
- most contagious stage
catarrhal stage
stage of pertussis:
- last for 2-10 weeks; associated with bulging of eyes and neck vein engorgement d/t pressure
- whooping sound starts to show
paroxysmal stage
stage of pertussis:
- patient is no longer contagious
- recovery phase
convalescent stage
complications of pertussis for adults
- hemorrhage
- cracked ribs
- abdominal hernias
complications of pertussis for infants
- pneumonia
- slowed breathing
- anorexia
- seizures
- brain damage
treatment for pertussis
antibiotics (ery, clari, azi-)
