ECTOPARASITIC DISEASES Flashcards
a contagious ectoparasitic skin infection that is characterized by superficial burrows and intense itching
scabies
scabies is also called ___
sarcoptic mange or the itch
causative agent of scabies
sarcoptes scabiei
incubation period of scabies
4-6 weeks
mode of transmission of scabies
- contact
- sharing clothing, bedding, or towels
SS:
- pruritus
- burrows
- scratch marks
- burning sensation
scabies
how is the female scabies parasite seen at a burrow?
tiny pearl like bump underneath the skin
burrows look like?
winding, raised, gray lines along the skin
true or false: pruritus is worse after a hot shower and at night
true
common locations of burrows
- between fingers
- wrists
- elbows
- armpits
around nipples - genitalia of men
- waist
- lower buttocks
severe form of scabies, lesions are extensive and may spread all over the body; wart-like appearance
crusted scabies
complication of scabies
impetigo
diagnosis of scabies
- PE
- microscopy
treatment for scabies
- permethrin 5%
- malathion
- lindane lotion
- 10% sulfur ointment
- neem oil
- tea tree oil
- ivermectin
- chlorpheniramine
infestation of lice
pediculosis
causative agents of pediculosis
- pediculus humanus capitis
- pediculus humanus corporis
- phthirus pubis
mode of transmission of pediculosis
- contact
pediculosis SS:
- intense itching
- excoriation
- matted, foul smelling, lusterless hair
- occipital and cervical lymphadenopathy
pediculosis capitis
pediculosis SS:
- small red papules
- dry, discolored, thickly encrusted, scaly skin
- severe: headache, fever, malaise
pediculosis corporis
pediculosis SS:
- skin irritation from scratching
- maculae caeruleae on the thighs or upper body
pediculosis pubis
diagnosis of pediculosis capitis
PE - oval-grayish nits that cant be shaken loose
true or false: the closer the nits are to the shaft, the newer the infection has been present
false - LONGER
diagnosis of pediculosis corporis
PE - skin lesions with nits on clothing
diagnosis of pediculosis pubis
PE - nits attached to pubic hair
treatment for pediculosis capitis
- permethrin cream
- fine-tooth comb
- washing hair
treatment for pediculosis corporis
- bathing
- wash clothes with hot water
- 10% lindane powder on clothes
treatment for pediculosis pubis
- topical pediculocide
- 0.5% malathion, permethrin, lindane
- clean clothes and bedsheets
parasitic disease that typically causes a mild flu-like illness or no illness at all
toxoplasmosis
causative agent of toxoplasmosis
toxoplasma gondii
mode of transmission of toxoplasmosis
- eating raw meat
- unpasteurized milk
- contaminated water
SS:
- body aches
- swollen lymph nodes
- headache
- fatigue
- fever
- sore throat
- maculopapular and hemorrhagic eruptions
toxoplasmosis
true or false: toxoplasmosis causes stillbirth or miscarriage
true
SS of toxoplasmosis in babies
- hearing loss
- mental retardation
- serious eye infections
SS:
- chorioentinitis
- intracranial calcifications
- hydrocephalus
congenital toxoplasmosis
gold standard test for toxoplasmosis
DT 29
other diagnostic test for toxoplasmosis
- sabin-feldman
- indirect fluorescent
- indirect hemagglutination
- latex agglutination
- ELISA
- amniocentesis and UTZ
treatment for toxoplasmosis
- sulfonamides and pyrimethamine
- spiramycin - for pregnant
beaver fever in humans is a diarrheal infection of the SI; most common intestinal parasite
giardasis
causative agent of giardasis
giardia lamblia
reservoir host of giardia lablia
beavers
incubation period of giardasis
7-10 days
giardiasis usually improves after ___ days
2-6
giardiasis symptoms may last ___ weeks
2-6
SS:
- diarrhea
- abdominal cramps and bloating
- nausea and vomiting
- fatigue
- low-grade fever
- weight loss and dehydration
giardiasis
complications of giardiasis
- dehydration
- failure to thrive
- lactose intolerance
diagnosis of giardiasis
- stool exam
- string test
treatment for giardiasis
- metronidazole
- tinidazole
- albendazole
- quinacrine
- furazolidone
- chronic diarrhea
- infection of the intestine, liver, or other tissue
- intestinal targets: cecum, appendix, colon, and rectum
amebiasis
amebiasis is also called
amebic dysentery
amebiasis leaves erosive ___ as it penetrates deeper layer of mucosa
erosive ulcerations
extraintestinal amebiasis common target is the ___
liver
amebiasis in the liver is also called
amoebic hepatitis
causative agent of amebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica
true or false: e. histolica can live in the colon without causing disease
true
mode of transmission of amebiasis
- contaminated food
- directly inoculating trophozites in colon
- fecal-oral
amebiasis SS:
- sudden high temp
- chills
- profuse, bloody and mucoid diarrhea with tenesmus
- abdominal cramps
acute amebiasis
amebiasis SS:
- mild fever
- intermittent diarrhea
- vague abdominal cramps
- possible weight loss
- cecum tenderness
chronic amebiasis
complications of amebiasis
- ameboma
- intestinal stricture
- hemorrhage
- brain or liver abscess
diagnostic test for amebiasis
- stool exam
- ELISA
- PCR
treatment for amebiasis
- metronidazole
- lodoquinol
- diloxanide
- paromomycin
- IV therapy
- NO antidiarrheal meds
