INTRODUCTION & EVOLUTION OF MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards
Specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification
microbiology
study of bacteria
bacteriology
study of viruses
virology
study of fungi
mycology
study of protozoa and parasitic worms
parasitology
study of algae
phycology
study of worms
helminthology
study of the immune system and immune response
immunology
study of the organisms (parasites) that take its abode and depend its nourishment and shelter from a bigger organism to survive
parasitology
the study and medical implications of parasites that infect humans
medical parasitology
microscopic, dominant, and oldest organisms on earth
microorganisms
2 types of microorganisms
cellular and acellular
prokaryote and eukaryotes are types of ___ microorganisms
cellular
examples of prokaryotes
bacteria, cyanobacteria, archaeans
examples of eukaryotes
fungi, protozoa, algae
prions and viruses are types of ___ microorganisms
acellular
infectious particle made up of misfolded prion proteins
prions
study of pathogens, the diseases they cause and the body’s defenses against disease
medical
monitors and controls the spread of disease in communities
public health microbiology and epidemiology
what does NCDPC stand for?
national center for disease prevention and control
- study of the complex web of immune responses to infection by microorganisms
- Study of autoimmunity and hypersensitivity
immunology
study of microbes in their natural habitats
environmental / microbial ecology
study of the practical uses of microbes in food processing, industrial production, and biotechnology
industrial / applied
processing and disposal of garbage and sewage wastes, and purification and processing of water supplied
sanitary
includes any process in which human use the metabolism of living things to arrive at a desired product
biotechnology
involved with the relationships between microbes and crops, with an emphasis on improving yields and combating plant diseases
agricultural
study of the microorganisms which inhabit, create or contaminate food
food
study of the role of microbe sin veterinary medicine or animal taxonomy; zoonotic disease
veterinary
study of microbial growth, microbial metabolism, and microbial cell structure
microbial physiology and genetics
involves techniques that deliberately alter the genetic makeup of organisms to mass-produce certain products, create new substances, and develop unique organisms
genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology
give 3 specialty professions in microbiology
geomicrobiology, astromicrobiology, marine microbiology
when did the plague epidemic in egypt occur?
3180 BC
when did the smallpox-like outbreak occur?
1122 BC
whose mummified remains showed lesion resembling smallpox?
rameses V
book that showed the first recording of public health
leviticus
- 1546
- invisibe organisms are involved in disease
- disease are caused by SPORES
girolamo fracastoro
when was the microscope invented?
late 16th century / 1590 (fr. other sources)
- 1665 microscope was imporved
- discovered the CELL
robert hooke
- 1668
- animals do not arise from dead organic matter
franceso redi
- late 1670s
- invented the single lens microscope
- observed ANIMALCULES
anton van leeuwenhoek
- father of microbiology
- provided descriptions of bacteria, protozoa, and fungi
anton van leeuwenhoek
- 1745
- there was a life force that produced spontaneous generation
- BROTH experiment
john needham
- 1770
- challenged the claim of john needham
- heated broth in the absence of air does NOT support spontaneous generation
lazzaro spallanzani
- 1796
- introduced the first vaccine for SMALLPOX
- cowpox vaccine
edward jenner
- 1847 to 1850
- CHILDBED fever is a contagious disease transmitted to women by their physician during birth
- washing with chlorinating LIME solutions
ignaz philipp semmelweis
- 1853 to 1854
- CHOLERA epidemic was from contaminated water supply of human sewage
john snow
- 1857
- germ theory of disease
- pasteurization
- aerobes and anaerobes
- fermentation process
louis pasteur
killing microorganisms in different types of liquids; basis for aseptic techniques
pasteurization
1881 - developed vaccine for ANTHRAX in animals
1885 - developed vaccine for RABIES
louis pasteur
- 1858
- challenged abiogenesis with theory of BIOGENESIS
- “omni cellula e cellula”
rudolf virchow
- 1867
- aseptic surgery using PHENOL
joseph lister
- 1876 to 1877
- open tubes of broth remained free of bacteria if air was free of dust
- tyndallization
john tyndall
fractional sterilization to destroy spores
tyndallization
- 1884 to 1187
- koch’s postulates
- pure culture techniques
- discovered the pathogen for TB
- his assisstant invented the petri dish
robert koch
microorganisms caused certain disease through a series of scientific steps
koch’s postulates
koch’s assistant that invented a round shallow dish with a flat bottom and vertical sides to hold agar or gelatin growth media (petri dish)
julius richard petri
- 1884
- gram STAINING technique for differentiating bacteria
hans christian gram
- 1890
- producing immunity by using antitoxin against DIPTHERIA
emil adolf von behring
- 1892
- first to discover VIRUSES
dmitri ivanosky
- 1898
- mosquitoes carry the MALARIA parasite Plasmodium in their digestive tract
giovanni battista grassi
- 1898
- malaria parasite in the GI tract of the ANOPHELES mosquito
- receive the nobel rpize for physiology of medicine in 1902
sir ronald ross
- 19th century
- developed modern NURSING technqiues
florence nightingale
- 1905
- SYPHILIS is known to be caused by Treponima pallidum
first richard schaudinn and erich hoffman
- 1910
- discovered SALVARSAN for syphilis
- magic bullet of chemotherapy
paul ehrlich
- 1910
- discovered viruses that could induce CANCER
francis rous
- 1929
- discovered PENICILLIN from the mold Penicillium notatum
alexander fleming
- 1933 to 1938
- developed the first ELECTRON microscope
ernst august friedrich ruska and bodo von borries
- 1954
- developed the first POLIO vaccine
jonas salk
- 1982
- 1st version of HEPA B vaccine isolated from fresh human blood
maurice ralph hilleman
- 1983
- isolation and characterization of HIV
luc antoine montangier and robert charles gallo
- 1986
- discovery of HEPA C virues
- invention of 1st RECOMBINANT hepatitis b vaccine
pablo DT valenzuela
when was HPV vaccine invented?
2006
life may arise from nonliving matter
theory of abiogenesis / spontaneous generation
life must arise from preexisting life
theory of biogenesis