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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY > INTRODUCTION & EVOLUTION OF MICROBIOLOGY > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION & EVOLUTION OF MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification

A

microbiology

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2
Q

study of bacteria

A

bacteriology

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3
Q

study of viruses

A

virology

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4
Q

study of fungi

A

mycology

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5
Q

study of protozoa and parasitic worms

A

parasitology

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6
Q

study of algae

A

phycology

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7
Q

study of worms

A

helminthology

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8
Q

study of the immune system and immune response

A

immunology

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9
Q

study of the organisms (parasites) that take its abode and depend its nourishment and shelter from a bigger organism to survive

A

parasitology

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10
Q

the study and medical implications of parasites that infect humans

A

medical parasitology

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11
Q

microscopic, dominant, and oldest organisms on earth

A

microorganisms

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12
Q

2 types of microorganisms

A

cellular and acellular

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13
Q

prokaryote and eukaryotes are types of ___ microorganisms

A

cellular

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14
Q

examples of prokaryotes

A

bacteria, cyanobacteria, archaeans

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15
Q

examples of eukaryotes

A

fungi, protozoa, algae

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16
Q

prions and viruses are types of ___ microorganisms

A

acellular

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17
Q

infectious particle made up of misfolded prion proteins

A

prions

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18
Q

study of pathogens, the diseases they cause and the body’s defenses against disease

A

medical

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19
Q

monitors and controls the spread of disease in communities

A

public health microbiology and epidemiology

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20
Q

what does NCDPC stand for?

A

national center for disease prevention and control

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21
Q
  • study of the complex web of immune responses to infection by microorganisms
  • Study of autoimmunity and hypersensitivity
A

immunology

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22
Q

study of microbes in their natural habitats

A

environmental / microbial ecology

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23
Q

study of the practical uses of microbes in food processing, industrial production, and biotechnology

A

industrial / applied

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24
Q

processing and disposal of garbage and sewage wastes, and purification and processing of water supplied

A

sanitary

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25
Q

includes any process in which human use the metabolism of living things to arrive at a desired product

A

biotechnology

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26
Q

involved with the relationships between microbes and crops, with an emphasis on improving yields and combating plant diseases

A

agricultural

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27
Q

study of the microorganisms which inhabit, create or contaminate food

A

food

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28
Q

study of the role of microbe sin veterinary medicine or animal taxonomy; zoonotic disease

A

veterinary

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29
Q

study of microbial growth, microbial metabolism, and microbial cell structure

A

microbial physiology and genetics

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30
Q

involves techniques that deliberately alter the genetic makeup of organisms to mass-produce certain products, create new substances, and develop unique organisms

A

genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology

31
Q

give 3 specialty professions in microbiology

A

geomicrobiology, astromicrobiology, marine microbiology

32
Q

when did the plague epidemic in egypt occur?

A

3180 BC

33
Q

when did the smallpox-like outbreak occur?

A

1122 BC

34
Q

whose mummified remains showed lesion resembling smallpox?

A

rameses V

35
Q

book that showed the first recording of public health

A

leviticus

36
Q
  • 1546
  • invisibe organisms are involved in disease
  • disease are caused by SPORES
A

girolamo fracastoro

37
Q

when was the microscope invented?

A

late 16th century / 1590 (fr. other sources)

38
Q
  • 1665 microscope was imporved
  • discovered the CELL
A

robert hooke

39
Q
  • 1668
  • animals do not arise from dead organic matter
A

franceso redi

40
Q
  • late 1670s
  • invented the single lens microscope
  • observed ANIMALCULES
A

anton van leeuwenhoek

41
Q
  • father of microbiology
  • provided descriptions of bacteria, protozoa, and fungi
A

anton van leeuwenhoek

42
Q
  • 1745
  • there was a life force that produced spontaneous generation
  • BROTH experiment
A

john needham

43
Q
  • 1770
  • challenged the claim of john needham
  • heated broth in the absence of air does NOT support spontaneous generation
A

lazzaro spallanzani

44
Q
  • 1796
  • introduced the first vaccine for SMALLPOX
  • cowpox vaccine
A

edward jenner

45
Q
  • 1847 to 1850
  • CHILDBED fever is a contagious disease transmitted to women by their physician during birth
  • washing with chlorinating LIME solutions
A

ignaz philipp semmelweis

46
Q
  • 1853 to 1854
  • CHOLERA epidemic was from contaminated water supply of human sewage
A

john snow

47
Q
  • 1857
  • germ theory of disease
  • pasteurization
  • aerobes and anaerobes
  • fermentation process
A

louis pasteur

48
Q

killing microorganisms in different types of liquids; basis for aseptic techniques

A

pasteurization

49
Q

1881 - developed vaccine for ANTHRAX in animals
1885 - developed vaccine for RABIES

A

louis pasteur

50
Q
  • 1858
  • challenged abiogenesis with theory of BIOGENESIS
  • “omni cellula e cellula”
A

rudolf virchow

51
Q
  • 1867
  • aseptic surgery using PHENOL
A

joseph lister

52
Q
  • 1876 to 1877
  • open tubes of broth remained free of bacteria if air was free of dust
  • tyndallization
A

john tyndall

53
Q

fractional sterilization to destroy spores

A

tyndallization

54
Q
  • 1884 to 1187
  • koch’s postulates
  • pure culture techniques
  • discovered the pathogen for TB
  • his assisstant invented the petri dish
A

robert koch

55
Q

microorganisms caused certain disease through a series of scientific steps

A

koch’s postulates

56
Q

koch’s assistant that invented a round shallow dish with a flat bottom and vertical sides to hold agar or gelatin growth media (petri dish)

A

julius richard petri

57
Q
  • 1884
  • gram STAINING technique for differentiating bacteria
A

hans christian gram

58
Q
  • 1890
  • producing immunity by using antitoxin against DIPTHERIA
A

emil adolf von behring

59
Q
  • 1892
  • first to discover VIRUSES
A

dmitri ivanosky

60
Q
  • 1898
  • mosquitoes carry the MALARIA parasite Plasmodium in their digestive tract
A

giovanni battista grassi

61
Q
  • 1898
  • malaria parasite in the GI tract of the ANOPHELES mosquito
  • receive the nobel rpize for physiology of medicine in 1902
A

sir ronald ross

62
Q
  • 19th century
  • developed modern NURSING technqiues
A

florence nightingale

63
Q
  • 1905
  • SYPHILIS is known to be caused by Treponima pallidum
A

first richard schaudinn and erich hoffman

64
Q
  • 1910
  • discovered SALVARSAN for syphilis
  • magic bullet of chemotherapy
A

paul ehrlich

65
Q
  • 1910
  • discovered viruses that could induce CANCER
A

francis rous

66
Q
  • 1929
  • discovered PENICILLIN from the mold Penicillium notatum
A

alexander fleming

67
Q
  • 1933 to 1938
  • developed the first ELECTRON microscope
A

ernst august friedrich ruska and bodo von borries

68
Q
  • 1954
  • developed the first POLIO vaccine
A

jonas salk

69
Q
  • 1982
  • 1st version of HEPA B vaccine isolated from fresh human blood
A

maurice ralph hilleman

70
Q
  • 1983
  • isolation and characterization of HIV
A

luc antoine montangier and robert charles gallo

71
Q
  • 1986
  • discovery of HEPA C virues
  • invention of 1st RECOMBINANT hepatitis b vaccine
A

pablo DT valenzuela

72
Q

when was HPV vaccine invented?

A

2006

73
Q

life may arise from nonliving matter

A

theory of abiogenesis / spontaneous generation

74
Q

life must arise from preexisting life

A

theory of biogenesis

MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY (18 decks)

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