NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS Flashcards
- aka hospital-acquired infections
- the offending organism was obatined the hospital environment during the period of confinement of the patient
nosocomial infections
enumerate the pateints most-likely to develop nosocomial infections
- elderly
- women in L&D
- premature infants, newborns
- surgical and burn patients
- diabetic and cancer patients
- patients receiving tex with steroid, anticancer, antilymphocyte serum, and radiation
- immunosupressed patients
- paralzed patients and are undergoing dialysis or catheterization
major factors of nosocomial infections
- increasing no. of drug-resistant pethogens
- failure of personnel to follow infection control guideines
- increased no. of immunocompromised pt
type of transmission - hospital staff to patients and paient to patient
direct contact
type of transmission - fomites, ventilation system
indirect contact
- clean technique
- exclude pathogens
medical asepsis
- sterile technique
- exclude ALL microorganisms
- OR, DR, laboratories, etc.
surgical asepsis
- small particle residues that remain suspended in air for long periods
- <5 microns in diameter
airborne
droplets are propelled as result of coughing, sneezing, and talking
droplet
examples of microbes that can be trasmitted through airborne
mycobacterium tuberculosis, rubeola, varicella
it is recommended that airborne disease patients be placed in a ___ room
negative pressure
examples of microbes that can be transmitted through droplets
diptheria, influenza, pertussis, mumps, rubella, streptococcal pharyngitis, pneumonia
in droplet precautions, wear a mask if working within ___ feet of the client
3
most important and frequent transmission; direct and indirect
contact
measures designed to prevent the spread of infection or potentially infectious microorganisms to health personnel, clients, and visitors
ex: negative-pressure room
source isolation
