GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES Flashcards
1
Q
inflammation of the parotid glands
A
parotitis / mumps
2
Q
cuasative agents of mumps
A
- paramyxovirus
- staphylococcus aureus
3
Q
SS:
- parotid gland discoloration
- pain in the gland or ear
- swollen gland
- dysphagia
- fever
- headache
- muscle aches
A
mumps
4
Q
mode of transmission of mumps
A
- contact
- saliva or respiratory droplets
5
Q
diagnostic test for mumps
A
- PE
- buccal swab PCR
- bacterial culture - severe cases
6
Q
treatment for mumps
A
viral - none
bacterial - antibiotics, supportive care, analgesics, cold or warm compress
7
Q
complications of mumps
A
- orchitis
- oophoritis
- mastitis
- pancreatitis
- encephalitis
- meningitis
- deafness
8
Q
demineralization of tooth resulting to formation of cavities
A
dental carries
9
Q
detal carries are also known as?
A
tooth decay
10
Q
causative agents of tooth decay
A
- s. mutans
- s. sobrinus
- s. spp. and lactobacilli
11
Q
SS:
- cavity
- discoloration
- halitosis
- altered taste
- toothache
- sensitivity
A
dental carries
12
Q
mode of transmission of dental carries
A
direct contact
13
Q
diagnostic test for dental carries
A
- dental check up
- x-ray
14
Q
treatment for dental carries
A
- flouride fillings
- root canal
- extraction
15
Q
complications of dental carries
A
- gingivitis
- abscess
- sepsis
16
Q
severe inflammatory disease characterized by erosion of intestinal mucosa
A
shigellosis
17
Q
shigellosis is also called
A
bacillary dysentery
18
Q
causative agents of shigellosis
A
- shigella dysenteriae
- s. boydii
- s. flexneri
- s. sonnei
19
Q
SS:
- diarrhea with blood or mucus
- abdominal pain or cramps
- fever
- tenesmus
A
shigellosis
20
Q
mode of transmission of shigellosis
A
- 4 F’s (food, fingers, flies, fomites)
- may also be waterborne
- sex
21
Q
diagnostic test for shigellosis
A
- stool exam
- rectal swab
22
Q
treatment for shigellosis
A
- fluid and electrolyte replacement
- antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, doxycycline)
23
Q
complications of shigellosis
A
- severe dehydration
- seizures
- rectal prolapse
- hemolytic uremic syndrome
- toxic megacolon
24
Q
acute inflammation of the stomach and intestines
A
gastroenterirtis
25
gastroenteritis is also known as
intetsinal flu / traveller’s diarrhea
26
causative agents of gastroenteritis
- rotavirus
- adenovirus
- norovirus
- astrovirus
- e. coli
- campylobacter jejuni
27
SS:
- diarrhea
- abdominal cramps, pain
- vomitting
- anorexia
- flatulence
- fever
- bloody stool
gastroenteritis
28
mode of transmission of gastroenteritis
- fecal-oral
- waterborne
- foodborned
- contact
29
disgnostic test for gastroenteritis
- stool exam
- blood culture
30
treatment for gastroenteritis
- oral rehydration
- IVF
- antiemetic
- antipyretic
- antispasmodic
31
complications of gastroenteritis
- chronic diarrhea
- dehydration
- systemic infection
- sepsis
32
vaccine for gastroenteritis
rotateq vaccine
- attenuated rotavirus vaccines
- 3 doses PO
- start 6 weeks, 4 weeks interval
33
bacterial infection that can spread throughout the body, affecting many organs
typhoid fever
34
typhoid fever is also known as?
enteric fever or abdominal typhus
35
causative agents of typhoid fever
- salmonella typhi (common)
- salmonella paratyphi
36
SS:
- diarrhea
- bradycardia
- abdominal pain
- remittent high fever
- delirium
- epistaxis
- rose spots (pathognomonic)
typhoid fever
37
mode of transmission of typhoid fever
ingestion of contaminated water
38
diagnostic test for typhoid fever
- widal test
- stool exam
- blood test
- typhidot
39
treatment for typhoid fever
- oral rehydration
- IVF
- anitbiotics (ciprofloxacin, chlorampenicol, cefixime)
40
complications of typhoid fever
- dehydration
- peritonitis
41
acute diarrheal infection caused by ingesting contaminated food or water
cholera
41
cholera is also called?
el tor
42
causative agent of cholera
vibrio cholerae
43
SS:
- profuse diarrhea (rice water)
- vomitting
- abdominal cramps
- poor skin turgor
- hypotension
cholera
44
mode of transmission of cholera
- waterborne
- foodborne
45
diagnostic test for cholera
- microscopy
- pasteur dipstick test
46
treatment for cholera
- oral rehydration
- IVF
- antibiotics (doxycycline, erythromycin, tetracycline)
47
complications of cholera
- dehydration
- shock
48
lesions that develop in the mucosal lining of the stomach or in the upper portion of the small intestine
peptic ulcer
49
causative agent of peptic ulcer
helicobacter pylori
50
SS:
- diarrhea
- epigastric pain
- vomitting
- anorexia
- hematemesis
- melena
- pain radiating to the back
peptic ulcer
51
mode of transmission of peptic ulcer
- fecal-oral
- contact
52
diagnostic test for peptic ulcer
- EGD
- barium swallow
- urea breath test
53
treatment for peptic ulcer
- antacids
- antibiotics (amox, clarith-)
54
what are the 3 classifications of peptic ulcer?
- duodenal
- gastric
- esophageal
55
complications of peptic ulcer
- gastrointestinal obstruction
- gastrointestinal perforation
56
- common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract
- typically live in animal and human intestines and are shed through stool
salmonellosis
57
causative agent of salmonellosis
salmonella spp.
58
SS:
- fever
- nausea
- vomitting
- chills
- headache
- blood in stools
salmonellosis
59
mode of transmission of salmonellosis
- contaminated food/water
- raw meat
60
diagnostic test for salmonellosis
- stool culture
- biochemical tests
61
treatment for salmonellosis
- antibiotics (ampi, cephalos, azith)
- rehydration
62
complications of salmonellosis
- enterocolitis
- enteric fever
- septicemia
63
causes infectious hepatitis
hepatitis a
64
causes serum hepatitis
hepatitis b
65
causes parenteral
hepatitis c
66
causes delta hepatitis
hepatitis d
67
causes enteric hepatitis
hepatitis e
68
mode of transmission of hepa A and E
fecal-oral
69
mode of transmission of hepa B and C
parenteral, sexual, insidious
70
mode of transmission of hepa D
parenteral, sexual
71
hepa SS:
- malaise
- anorexia
- diarrhea
- nausea
hepatitis a
72
hepa SS:
- abdominal pain
- fever
- dark urine
- joint pain
hepatitis b
73
hepa SS:
- loss of appetite
- nausea and vomitting
- pale feces
hepatitis c
74
hepa SS:
- anorexia
- pale colored stool
hepatitis d
75
hepa SS:
- mild fever
- abdominal pain
hepatitis E
76
treatment for hepa a
symptom management
77
treatment for hepa b
antivirals
- tenefovir
- entecavir
- pegylated interferon
78
treatment for hepa c
direct-acting antivirals
- sofosbuvir
- ledipasvir
- velpatasvir
79
treatment for hepa d
pegylated interferon alpha
80
treatment for hepa e
symptom management
81
complications of hepa A and E
fulminant hepa
82
complications of hepa B and D
liver cirrhosis, cancer, failure
83
complications of hepa c
liver cirrhosis, cancer, failure, cryoglobulinemia
