GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES Flashcards
inflammation of the parotid glands
parotitis / mumps
cuasative agents of mumps
- paramyxovirus
- staphylococcus aureus
SS:
- parotid gland discoloration
- pain in the gland or ear
- swollen gland
- dysphagia
- fever
- headache
- muscle aches
mumps
mode of transmission of mumps
- contact
- saliva or respiratory droplets
diagnostic test for mumps
- PE
- buccal swab PCR
- bacterial culture - severe cases
treatment for mumps
viral - none
bacterial - antibiotics, supportive care, analgesics, cold or warm compress
complications of mumps
- orchitis
- oophoritis
- mastitis
- pancreatitis
- encephalitis
- meningitis
- deafness
demineralization of tooth resulting to formation of cavities
dental carries
detal carries are also known as?
tooth decay
causative agents of tooth decay
- s. mutans
- s. sobrinus
- s. spp. and lactobacilli
SS:
- cavity
- discoloration
- halitosis
- altered taste
- toothache
- sensitivity
dental carries
mode of transmission of dental carries
direct contact
diagnostic test for dental carries
- dental check up
- x-ray
treatment for dental carries
- flouride fillings
- root canal
- extraction
complications of dental carries
- gingivitis
- abscess
- sepsis
severe inflammatory disease characterized by erosion of intestinal mucosa
shigellosis
shigellosis is also called
bacillary dysentery
causative agents of shigellosis
- shigella dysenteriae
- s. boydii
- s. flexneri
- s. sonnei
SS:
- diarrhea with blood or mucus
- abdominal pain or cramps
- fever
- tenesmus
shigellosis
mode of transmission of shigellosis
- 4 F’s (food, fingers, flies, fomites)
- may also be waterborne
- sex
diagnostic test for shigellosis
- stool exam
- rectal swab
treatment for shigellosis
- fluid and electrolyte replacement
- antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, doxycycline)
complications of shigellosis
- severe dehydration
- seizures
- rectal prolapse
- hemolytic uremic syndrome
- toxic megacolon
acute inflammation of the stomach and intestines
gastroenterirtis
gastroenteritis is also known as
intetsinal flu / traveller’s diarrhea
causative agents of gastroenteritis
- rotavirus
- adenovirus
- norovirus
- astrovirus
- e. coli
- campylobacter jejuni
SS:
- diarrhea
- abdominal cramps, pain
- vomitting
- anorexia
- flatulence
- fever
- bloody stool
gastroenteritis
mode of transmission of gastroenteritis
- fecal-oral
- waterborne
- foodborned
- contact
disgnostic test for gastroenteritis
- stool exam
- blood culture
treatment for gastroenteritis
- oral rehydration
- IVF
- antiemetic
- antipyretic
- antispasmodic
complications of gastroenteritis
- chronic diarrhea
- dehydration
- systemic infection
- sepsis
vaccine for gastroenteritis
rotateq vaccine
- attenuated rotavirus vaccines
- 3 doses PO
- start 6 weeks, 4 weeks interval
bacterial infection that can spread throughout the body, affecting many organs
typhoid fever
typhoid fever is also known as?
enteric fever or abdominal typhus
causative agents of typhoid fever
- salmonella typhi (common)
- salmonella paratyphi
SS:
- diarrhea
- bradycardia
- abdominal pain
- remittent high fever
- delirium
- epistaxis
- rose spots (pathognomonic)
typhoid fever
mode of transmission of typhoid fever
ingestion of contaminated water
diagnostic test for typhoid fever
- widal test
- stool exam
- blood test
- typhidot
treatment for typhoid fever
- oral rehydration
- IVF
- anitbiotics (ciprofloxacin, chlorampenicol, cefixime)
complications of typhoid fever
- dehydration
- peritonitis
acute diarrheal infection caused by ingesting contaminated food or water
cholera
cholera is also called?
el tor
causative agent of cholera
vibrio cholerae
SS:
- profuse diarrhea (rice water)
- vomitting
- abdominal cramps
- poor skin turgor
- hypotension
cholera
mode of transmission of cholera
- waterborne
- foodborne
diagnostic test for cholera
- microscopy
- pasteur dipstick test
treatment for cholera
- oral rehydration
- IVF
- antibiotics (doxycycline, erythromycin, tetracycline)
complications of cholera
- dehydration
- shock
lesions that develop in the mucosal lining of the stomach or in the upper portion of the small intestine
peptic ulcer
causative agent of peptic ulcer
helicobacter pylori
SS:
- diarrhea
- epigastric pain
- vomitting
- anorexia
- hematemesis
- melena
- pain radiating to the back
peptic ulcer
mode of transmission of peptic ulcer
- fecal-oral
- contact
diagnostic test for peptic ulcer
- EGD
- barium swallow
- urea breath test
treatment for peptic ulcer
- antacids
- antibiotics (amox, clarith-)
what are the 3 classifications of peptic ulcer?
- duodenal
- gastric
- esophageal
complications of peptic ulcer
- gastrointestinal obstruction
- gastrointestinal perforation
- common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract
- typically live in animal and human intestines and are shed through stool
salmonellosis
causative agent of salmonellosis
salmonella spp.
SS:
- fever
- nausea
- vomitting
- chills
- headache
- blood in stools
salmonellosis
mode of transmission of salmonellosis
- contaminated food/water
- raw meat
diagnostic test for salmonellosis
- stool culture
- biochemical tests
treatment for salmonellosis
- antibiotics (ampi, cephalos, azith)
- rehydration
complications of salmonellosis
- enterocolitis
- enteric fever
- septicemia
causes infectious hepatitis
hepatitis a
causes serum hepatitis
hepatitis b
causes parenteral
hepatitis c
causes delta hepatitis
hepatitis d
causes enteric hepatitis
hepatitis e
mode of transmission of hepa A and E
fecal-oral
mode of transmission of hepa B and C
parenteral, sexual, insidious
mode of transmission of hepa D
parenteral, sexual
hepa SS:
- malaise
- anorexia
- diarrhea
- nausea
hepatitis a
hepa SS:
- abdominal pain
- fever
- dark urine
- joint pain
hepatitis b
hepa SS:
- loss of appetite
- nausea and vomitting
- pale feces
hepatitis c
hepa SS:
- anorexia
- pale colored stool
hepatitis d
hepa SS:
- mild fever
- abdominal pain
hepatitis E
treatment for hepa a
symptom management
treatment for hepa b
antivirals
- tenefovir
- entecavir
- pegylated interferon
treatment for hepa c
direct-acting antivirals
- sofosbuvir
- ledipasvir
- velpatasvir
treatment for hepa d
pegylated interferon alpha
treatment for hepa e
symptom management
complications of hepa A and E
fulminant hepa
complications of hepa B and D
liver cirrhosis, cancer, failure
complications of hepa c
liver cirrhosis, cancer, failure, cryoglobulinemia
