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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY > GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES > Flashcards

GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

inflammation of the parotid glands

A

parotitis / mumps

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2
Q

cuasative agents of mumps

A
  • paramyxovirus
  • staphylococcus aureus
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3
Q

SS:

  • parotid gland discoloration
  • pain in the gland or ear
  • swollen gland
  • dysphagia
  • fever
  • headache
  • muscle aches
A

mumps

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4
Q

mode of transmission of mumps

A
  • contact
  • saliva or respiratory droplets
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5
Q

diagnostic test for mumps

A
  • PE
  • buccal swab PCR
  • bacterial culture - severe cases
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6
Q

treatment for mumps

A

viral - none
bacterial - antibiotics, supportive care, analgesics, cold or warm compress

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7
Q

complications of mumps

A
  • orchitis
  • oophoritis
  • mastitis
  • pancreatitis
  • encephalitis
  • meningitis
  • deafness
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8
Q

demineralization of tooth resulting to formation of cavities

A

dental carries

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9
Q

detal carries are also known as?

A

tooth decay

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10
Q

causative agents of tooth decay

A
  • s. mutans
  • s. sobrinus
  • s. spp. and lactobacilli
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11
Q

SS:

  • cavity
  • discoloration
  • halitosis
  • altered taste
  • toothache
  • sensitivity
A

dental carries

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12
Q

mode of transmission of dental carries

A

direct contact

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13
Q

diagnostic test for dental carries

A
  • dental check up
  • x-ray
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14
Q

treatment for dental carries

A
  • flouride fillings
  • root canal
  • extraction
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15
Q

complications of dental carries

A
  • gingivitis
  • abscess
  • sepsis
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16
Q

severe inflammatory disease characterized by erosion of intestinal mucosa

A

shigellosis

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17
Q

shigellosis is also called

A

bacillary dysentery

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18
Q

causative agents of shigellosis

A
  • shigella dysenteriae
  • s. boydii
  • s. flexneri
  • s. sonnei
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19
Q

SS:

  • diarrhea with blood or mucus
  • abdominal pain or cramps
  • fever
  • tenesmus
A

shigellosis

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20
Q

mode of transmission of shigellosis

A
  • 4 F’s (food, fingers, flies, fomites)
  • may also be waterborne
  • sex
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21
Q

diagnostic test for shigellosis

A
  • stool exam
  • rectal swab
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22
Q

treatment for shigellosis

A
  • fluid and electrolyte replacement
  • antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, doxycycline)
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23
Q

complications of shigellosis

A
  • severe dehydration
  • seizures
  • rectal prolapse
  • hemolytic uremic syndrome
  • toxic megacolon
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24
Q

acute inflammation of the stomach and intestines

A

gastroenterirtis

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25
Q

gastroenteritis is also known as

A

intetsinal flu / traveller’s diarrhea

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26
Q

causative agents of gastroenteritis

A
  • rotavirus
  • adenovirus
  • norovirus
  • astrovirus
  • e. coli
  • campylobacter jejuni
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27
Q

SS:

  • diarrhea
  • abdominal cramps, pain
  • vomitting
  • anorexia
  • flatulence
  • fever
  • bloody stool
A

gastroenteritis

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28
Q

mode of transmission of gastroenteritis

A
  • fecal-oral
  • waterborne
  • foodborned
  • contact
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29
Q

disgnostic test for gastroenteritis

A
  • stool exam
  • blood culture
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30
Q

treatment for gastroenteritis

A
  • oral rehydration
  • IVF
  • antiemetic
  • antipyretic
  • antispasmodic
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31
Q

complications of gastroenteritis

A
  • chronic diarrhea
  • dehydration
  • systemic infection
  • sepsis
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32
Q

vaccine for gastroenteritis

A

rotateq vaccine
- attenuated rotavirus vaccines
- 3 doses PO
- start 6 weeks, 4 weeks interval

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33
Q

bacterial infection that can spread throughout the body, affecting many organs

A

typhoid fever

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34
Q

typhoid fever is also known as?

A

enteric fever or abdominal typhus

35
Q

causative agents of typhoid fever

A
  • salmonella typhi (common)
  • salmonella paratyphi
36
Q

SS:

  • diarrhea
  • bradycardia
  • abdominal pain
  • remittent high fever
  • delirium
  • epistaxis
  • rose spots (pathognomonic)
A

typhoid fever

37
Q

mode of transmission of typhoid fever

A

ingestion of contaminated water

38
Q

diagnostic test for typhoid fever

A
  • widal test
  • stool exam
  • blood test
  • typhidot
39
Q

treatment for typhoid fever

A
  • oral rehydration
  • IVF
  • anitbiotics (ciprofloxacin, chlorampenicol, cefixime)
40
Q

complications of typhoid fever

A
  • dehydration
  • peritonitis
41
Q

acute diarrheal infection caused by ingesting contaminated food or water

A

cholera

41
Q

cholera is also called?

A

el tor

42
Q

causative agent of cholera

A

vibrio cholerae

43
Q

SS:

  • profuse diarrhea (rice water)
  • vomitting
  • abdominal cramps
  • poor skin turgor
  • hypotension
A

cholera

44
Q

mode of transmission of cholera

A
  • waterborne
  • foodborne
45
Q

diagnostic test for cholera

A
  • microscopy
  • pasteur dipstick test
46
Q

treatment for cholera

A
  • oral rehydration
  • IVF
  • antibiotics (doxycycline, erythromycin, tetracycline)
47
Q

complications of cholera

A
  • dehydration
  • shock
48
Q

lesions that develop in the mucosal lining of the stomach or in the upper portion of the small intestine

A

peptic ulcer

49
Q

causative agent of peptic ulcer

A

helicobacter pylori

50
Q

SS:

  • diarrhea
  • epigastric pain
  • vomitting
  • anorexia
  • hematemesis
  • melena
  • pain radiating to the back
A

peptic ulcer

51
Q

mode of transmission of peptic ulcer

A
  • fecal-oral
  • contact
52
Q

diagnostic test for peptic ulcer

A
  • EGD
  • barium swallow
  • urea breath test
53
Q

treatment for peptic ulcer

A
  • antacids
  • antibiotics (amox, clarith-)
54
Q

what are the 3 classifications of peptic ulcer?

A
  • duodenal
  • gastric
  • esophageal
55
Q

complications of peptic ulcer

A
  • gastrointestinal obstruction
  • gastrointestinal perforation
56
Q
  • common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract
  • typically live in animal and human intestines and are shed through stool
A

salmonellosis

57
Q

causative agent of salmonellosis

A

salmonella spp.

58
Q

SS:

  • fever
  • nausea
  • vomitting
  • chills
  • headache
  • blood in stools
A

salmonellosis

59
Q

mode of transmission of salmonellosis

A
  • contaminated food/water
  • raw meat
60
Q

diagnostic test for salmonellosis

A
  • stool culture
  • biochemical tests
61
Q

treatment for salmonellosis

A
  • antibiotics (ampi, cephalos, azith)
  • rehydration
62
Q

complications of salmonellosis

A
  • enterocolitis
  • enteric fever
  • septicemia
63
Q

causes infectious hepatitis

A

hepatitis a

64
Q

causes serum hepatitis

A

hepatitis b

65
Q

causes parenteral

A

hepatitis c

66
Q

causes delta hepatitis

A

hepatitis d

67
Q

causes enteric hepatitis

A

hepatitis e

68
Q

mode of transmission of hepa A and E

A

fecal-oral

69
Q

mode of transmission of hepa B and C

A

parenteral, sexual, insidious

70
Q

mode of transmission of hepa D

A

parenteral, sexual

71
Q

hepa SS:

  • malaise
  • anorexia
  • diarrhea
  • nausea
A

hepatitis a

72
Q

hepa SS:

  • abdominal pain
  • fever
  • dark urine
  • joint pain
A

hepatitis b

73
Q

hepa SS:

  • loss of appetite
  • nausea and vomitting
  • pale feces
A

hepatitis c

74
Q

hepa SS:

  • anorexia
  • pale colored stool
A

hepatitis d

75
Q

hepa SS:

  • mild fever
  • abdominal pain
A

hepatitis E

76
Q

treatment for hepa a

A

symptom management

77
Q

treatment for hepa b

A

antivirals
- tenefovir
- entecavir
- pegylated interferon

78
Q

treatment for hepa c

A

direct-acting antivirals
- sofosbuvir
- ledipasvir
- velpatasvir

79
Q

treatment for hepa d

A

pegylated interferon alpha

80
Q

treatment for hepa e

A

symptom management

81
Q

complications of hepa A and E

A

fulminant hepa

82
Q

complications of hepa B and D

A

liver cirrhosis, cancer, failure

83
Q

complications of hepa c

A

liver cirrhosis, cancer, failure, cryoglobulinemia

MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY (18 decks)

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