CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES Flashcards

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1
Q

a rare but serious bacterial infection in your blood. It causes severe symptoms that get worse fast, including muscle pain, cold hands and feet, lethargy, chills, fever, a rash and more

A

meningococcemia

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2
Q

causative agent of meningococcemia

A

neisseria meningitidis

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3
Q

how many serogroups are there in the capsular polysaccharide of n. meningitidis?

A

13 (A, B, C, D, 2gE, H, I, K, L, W135, X, Y, Z)

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4
Q

which 5 n. meningitidis serogroups are most frequent and vaccine preventable?

A

A, B, C, W135, Y

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5
Q

which n. meningitidis serogroup capsule is immunologically identical to E.coli K-1?

A

serogroup B

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6
Q

which n. meningitidis OMP define the serotype?

A

Class 2 and 3

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7
Q

which n.meningitidis OMP defines subtype?

A

class 1

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8
Q

true or false: meningococci is exclusively a human pathogen

A

true

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9
Q

common habitat or meningococci

A

oropharynx or nasopharynx

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10
Q

mode of transmission of n. meningitidis

A
  • contact
  • droplets
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11
Q
  • follows URT infection
  • multi-organ disease, consumptive, coagulopathy, petechial or purpuric rash
    deficiency in complement C5 to C8 predisposes to infection
A

meningococcemia

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12
Q
  • initially pink maculopapular lesions
  • later evolves into non-blanching petechial rah in trunk and lower extremities
A

acute meningococcemia

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13
Q
  • most severe form of meningococcemia
  • high fever, shock, widespread pupura, intravascular coag, thrombocytopenia, and adrenal insufficiency
  • hemorrhagic destruction of the adrenal glands
A

waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome

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14
Q

diagnostic procedure for meningococcemia

A
  • CSF profile
  • gram stain
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15
Q

treatment for meningococcemia

A
  • penicillin G
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16
Q

vaccines for meningcoccemia

A
  • MPSV4 polysacchariade vaccine
  • MCV4 conjugate vaccine
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17
Q

MPSV4 vs MCV4
- quadrivalent
- for elderly > 55

A

MPSV4

18
Q

MPSV4 vs MCV4
- quadrivalent + diptheria toxin mutant
- 2-55 y/o

A

MCV4

19
Q

abnomal, delayed, often recurrent autoimmune reaction to Group A beta hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis involving the joints, skin, brain, serous surface, and heart

A

rheumatic fever

20
Q

rheumatic fever attacking and reccurence often results to

A

rheumatic heart disease

21
Q

true or false: rheumatic fever is the most common cause of acquired disease in children more than 5 y/o in the ph

A

true

22
Q

also classified as a post-infectious connective tissue disease

A

rheumatic fever

23
Q

prevalence rate of rheumatic fever in the PH pero 1000

A

0.1 to 22 per 1000

24
Q

percentage of recurrence of rheumatic fever / streptococcal infection in the PH

A

14.6%

25
Q

SS:

  • streptococcal pharyngitis 1-5 weeks before onset of symptoms
  • pallor, malaise, easy fagitability, epitaxis, and abdominal pain
A

rheumatic fever

26
Q

what criteria is used for the diagnosis of rheumatic fever?

A

jones criteria

27
Q
  • most serious cause of morbidity and accounts for most of the mortality encountered during the acute stage of the disease

SS:
- tachycardia
- heart murmur of valvulitis
- pericarditis
- cardiomegaly
- CHF

A

carditis

28
Q
  • most common of the major manifestations
  • involves large joints
  • often more than one joint, simultaneously or in succession
A

polymigratory arthritis

29
Q
  • non-pruritic, serpiginous or annular erythmatous rashes, most prominent on the trunk and the inner proxiaml portion of the extremities
  • never seen on the face
A

erythema marginatum

30
Q

found symmetrically, singly or in clusters on the extensor surfaces of both large or small joints, over the scalp or along the spine

A

subcutaneous nodules

31
Q

begins with emotional lability and personality changes, and whill be replaced by loss of motor coordination

A

sydenham’s chorea

32
Q

minor jones manifestations include?

A
  • arthralgia
  • fever
  • elevated acute phase reactants
  • prolonged PR interval
33
Q

true or false: in diagnosing using the jones criteria two MINOR manifestations & 1 MAJOR are stronger than 2 MAJOR manifestations

A

false - 2 MAJOR are always stronger

34
Q

___ and ____ cannot be used as a minor manifestation in the presence of arthritis or carditis respectively

A

arthralgia, prolonged PR

35
Q

laboratory exams for rheumatic fever

A
  • acute phase: ESR, CRP
  • strep infection: ASO, throat culture
  • cardiac: ECG, chest x-ray, and 2D ECHO
36
Q

what is the primary prevention for rheumatic fever?

A
  • eradication of pharyngitis
  • prevention of development of rheumatic fever

meds:
- oral penicillin
- eythromycin
- benzanthine penicillin

37
Q

what is the secondary prevention for rheumatic fever?

A
  • benzanthine benzyl penicillin
  • penicillin V
  • erythromycin
38
Q

duration of secondary prophylaxis:

rheumatic fever without carditis

A

minimum 5 years or until 21 years

39
Q

duration of secondary prophylaxis:

rheumatic fever with carditis but no residual heart disease

A

minimum 10 years or well into adulthood

40
Q

duration of secondary prophylaxis:

rheumatic fever with carditic and residual heart disease

A

atleast 10 years since last episode and at least until 40 years, SOMETIMES lifelong