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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY > LYMPHATIC / IMMUNE DISEASES > Flashcards

LYMPHATIC / IMMUNE DISEASES Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  • acute viral infection resulting to leukocytosis and glandular enlargement
  • common among teenagers and young adults, especially college students
A

infectious mononucleosis

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2
Q

other names for infectious mononucleosis

A
  • mono
  • kissing disease
  • glandular fever
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3
Q

causative agent of infectious mononucleosis

A

epstein-barr virus

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4
Q

mode of transmission of infectious mononucleosis

A

contact (kissing, fomites)

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5
Q

SS:

  • fever
  • pharyngitis
  • lymphadenopathy
A

infectious mononucleosis

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6
Q

complications of infectious mononucleosis

A
  • splenomegaly
  • hepatomegaly
  • thrombocytopenia
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7
Q

diagnostic test for infectious mononucleosis

A
  • P.A. clinical triad
  • WBC differential
  • heterophile agglutination test
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8
Q

treatment for infectious mononucleosis

A
  • bed rest
  • saline gargle
  • paracetamol
  • nsaids
  • steroids
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9
Q

an acquired immune deficiency syndrome

A

HIV / AIDS

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10
Q

etiology agent of AIDS

A

human immunodeficiency virus

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11
Q

true or false: HIV / AIDS already has a cure

A

false

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12
Q

mode of transmission of AIDS

A

contact (sex, parenteral)

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13
Q

SS:

  • fever
  • night sweats
  • weight loss
  • fatigue
  • lymphadenopathy
A

AIDS

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14
Q

complications of AIDS

A
  • opportunistic infections
  • Pneumocystis pneumonia
  • pulmonary TB
  • candidiasis
  • C. diff diarrhea
  • AIDS demetia complex
  • kaposi’s sarcoma
  • burkitt’s lymphoma
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15
Q

diagnostic test for AIDS

A

rapid antibody test

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16
Q

window period of nucleic acid test for AIDS

A

10-33 days

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17
Q

window period of antigen/body LAB test for AIDS

A

18-45 days

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18
Q

window period of RAPID antigen/body test for AIDS

A

18-90 days

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19
Q

window period of antibody test for AIDS

A

23-90 days

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20
Q

what is the indication that your HIV infection has become AIDS?

A

CD4 T-cell count is below 200

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21
Q

treatment for AIDS

A
  • HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy)
  • trizivir
  • abacavir + lamivudine + zidovudine
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22
Q

acute, self-limiting, contagious, viral infection affecting the nasopharynx of the upper respiratory tract

A

common colds

23
Q

other names for common colds

A
  • viral rhinitis
  • coryza
  • nasopharyngitis
24
Q
  • an acute viral respiratory illness
  • characterized by fever, malaise, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis
  • pathognomonic enanthem (koplik spots)
  • followed by a maculopapular rash
A

measles

25
Q

in measles, patients are considered to be contagious from ___ days before to ___ days after the rash appears

A

4, 4

26
Q

causative agent of measles

A

morbillivirus

27
Q

true or false: measles is usually not really contagious

A

false - it is one of the MOST contagious of all infectious diseases

28
Q

mode of transmission of measles

A
  • direct contact
  • droplets
  • airborne
29
Q

measles virus can remain infectious in the air for up to ___ hours

A

2

30
Q

treatment for measles

A

none, only supportive care

31
Q

management for severe measles

A

vitamin A for severe cases in children

32
Q

units of vit A for infants younger than 6 months

A

50,000 IU

33
Q

units of vit A for infants 6-11 months

A

100,000 IU

34
Q

units of vit A for children 12 months and older

A

200,000 IU

35
Q

commonly known as chicken pox

A

varicella

36
Q

causative agent of varicella

A

varicella-zoster virus

37
Q

complications of varicella

A

bacterial infection of the skin and soft tissues

38
Q

reactivation of latent infection of varicella causes what?

A

herpes zoster (shingles)

39
Q

incubation period if variclla

A

14-16 days

40
Q

it takes ___ days after exposure to the virus for someone to develop varicella

A

10-21 days

41
Q

mode of transmission of varicella

A
  • contact
  • inhalation of aerosols
  • respiratory secretions
42
Q

true or false: vaccinated people against varicella are not able to develop lesions

A

false - they may still develop lesions that do not crust. these people are considered contagious

43
Q

SS:

  • mild prodrome of fever
  • malaise 1-2 days before rash onset
  • macular to papular to vesicular lesions before crusting, in children
A

varicella

44
Q

four types of dengue virus

A

dengue virus 1, 2, 3, 4

45
Q

SS:

  • fever
  • eye pain (typically behind the eyes)
  • muscle, joint, or bone pain
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • rash
A

dengue

46
Q

symptoms to dengue usually begin within ___ after being bitten by an infected mosquito

A

2 weeks

47
Q

mode of transmission of dengue

A

bite of Aedes mosquito

48
Q

treatment for dengue

A

none, only supportive care
- rest
- acetaminophen
- plenty of fluids
- IV hydration
- platelet transfusion

49
Q
  • serious disease caused by a parasite that infects a certain type of mosquito
  • can be deadly if not diagnosed and treated quickly
A

malaria

50
Q

SS:

  • fever and flu-like illness
  • chills
  • headache, muscle ache, tiredness
  • nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
A

malaria

51
Q

complications of malaria

A
  • kidney failure
  • seizures
  • mental confusion
52
Q

causative agent of malaria

A

Anopheles mosquitoes transmit malaria

53
Q

true or false: mosquitoes carrying malaria usually leave during the day

A

false - they are more active during late evening and at night

54
Q

treatment for malaria

A
  • chloroquine phosphate
  • artemisinin-based combination therapies

MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY (18 decks)

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