LYMPHATIC / IMMUNE DISEASES Flashcards
- acute viral infection resulting to leukocytosis and glandular enlargement
- common among teenagers and young adults, especially college students
infectious mononucleosis
other names for infectious mononucleosis
- mono
- kissing disease
- glandular fever
causative agent of infectious mononucleosis
epstein-barr virus
mode of transmission of infectious mononucleosis
contact (kissing, fomites)
SS:
- fever
- pharyngitis
- lymphadenopathy
infectious mononucleosis
complications of infectious mononucleosis
- splenomegaly
- hepatomegaly
- thrombocytopenia
diagnostic test for infectious mononucleosis
- P.A. clinical triad
- WBC differential
- heterophile agglutination test
treatment for infectious mononucleosis
- bed rest
- saline gargle
- paracetamol
- nsaids
- steroids
an acquired immune deficiency syndrome
HIV / AIDS
etiology agent of AIDS
human immunodeficiency virus
true or false: HIV / AIDS already has a cure
false
mode of transmission of AIDS
contact (sex, parenteral)
SS:
- fever
- night sweats
- weight loss
- fatigue
- lymphadenopathy
AIDS
complications of AIDS
- opportunistic infections
- Pneumocystis pneumonia
- pulmonary TB
- candidiasis
- C. diff diarrhea
- AIDS demetia complex
- kaposi’s sarcoma
- burkitt’s lymphoma
diagnostic test for AIDS
rapid antibody test
window period of nucleic acid test for AIDS
10-33 days
window period of antigen/body LAB test for AIDS
18-45 days
window period of RAPID antigen/body test for AIDS
18-90 days
window period of antibody test for AIDS
23-90 days
what is the indication that your HIV infection has become AIDS?
CD4 T-cell count is below 200
treatment for AIDS
- HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy)
- trizivir
- abacavir + lamivudine + zidovudine
acute, self-limiting, contagious, viral infection affecting the nasopharynx of the upper respiratory tract
common colds
other names for common colds
- viral rhinitis
- coryza
- nasopharyngitis
- an acute viral respiratory illness
- characterized by fever, malaise, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis
- pathognomonic enanthem (koplik spots)
- followed by a maculopapular rash
measles
in measles, patients are considered to be contagious from ___ days before to ___ days after the rash appears
4, 4
causative agent of measles
morbillivirus
true or false: measles is usually not really contagious
false - it is one of the MOST contagious of all infectious diseases
mode of transmission of measles
- direct contact
- droplets
- airborne
measles virus can remain infectious in the air for up to ___ hours
2
treatment for measles
none, only supportive care
management for severe measles
vitamin A for severe cases in children
units of vit A for infants younger than 6 months
50,000 IU
units of vit A for infants 6-11 months
100,000 IU
units of vit A for children 12 months and older
200,000 IU
commonly known as chicken pox
varicella
causative agent of varicella
varicella-zoster virus
complications of varicella
bacterial infection of the skin and soft tissues
reactivation of latent infection of varicella causes what?
herpes zoster (shingles)
incubation period if variclla
14-16 days
it takes ___ days after exposure to the virus for someone to develop varicella
10-21 days
mode of transmission of varicella
- contact
- inhalation of aerosols
- respiratory secretions
true or false: vaccinated people against varicella are not able to develop lesions
false - they may still develop lesions that do not crust. these people are considered contagious
SS:
- mild prodrome of fever
- malaise 1-2 days before rash onset
- macular to papular to vesicular lesions before crusting, in children
varicella
four types of dengue virus
dengue virus 1, 2, 3, 4
SS:
- fever
- eye pain (typically behind the eyes)
- muscle, joint, or bone pain
- nausea
- vomiting
- rash
dengue
symptoms to dengue usually begin within ___ after being bitten by an infected mosquito
2 weeks
mode of transmission of dengue
bite of Aedes mosquito
treatment for dengue
none, only supportive care
- rest
- acetaminophen
- plenty of fluids
- IV hydration
- platelet transfusion
- serious disease caused by a parasite that infects a certain type of mosquito
- can be deadly if not diagnosed and treated quickly
malaria
SS:
- fever and flu-like illness
- chills
- headache, muscle ache, tiredness
- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
malaria
complications of malaria
- kidney failure
- seizures
- mental confusion
causative agent of malaria
Anopheles mosquitoes transmit malaria
true or false: mosquitoes carrying malaria usually leave during the day
false - they are more active during late evening and at night
treatment for malaria
- chloroquine phosphate
- artemisinin-based combination therapies
