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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY > INFECTION AND BACTERIAL INVASION > Flashcards

INFECTION AND BACTERIAL INVASION Flashcards

1
Q
  • scientific study of disease
  • concerned with the etiology and the manner in which a disease develops
  • deals with structural and functional changes
A

pathology

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2
Q

invasion of microorganisms in the body

A

infection

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3
Q

changes in the state of health due to infection

A

disease

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4
Q

koch’s postulates

suspected causative agent must be absent from all ___ organisms but present in all ___ organisms

A

healthy, diseased

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5
Q

koch’s postulates

causative agent must be ___ from the disease organisms and grown in ___

A

isolated, pure culture

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6
Q

koch’s postulates

culutred agent must cause the ___ when inoculated into a healthy suscpetible organism

A

same disease

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7
Q

koch’ s postulates

the same causative agent must be isolated from the ___ disease organism

A

inoculated

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7
Q

diseases are classified based on the following

A
  • behavior within a host
  • sources of microorganisms
  • disease occurence
  • severity / duration of disease
  • extent of host involvement
  • host resistance
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8
Q

subjective changes in the body

A

symptoms

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9
Q

objective changes the physician can observe and measure

A

signs

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10
Q

specific signs of symptoms accompanying a disease

A

syndrome

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11
Q

number of new cases of a disease in a defined population during a specific time period

A

incidence

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12
Q

number of people in a population who developed the disease at a specified time, regardless of when it first appeared

A

prevalence

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13
Q

2 types of prevalence

A

period, point

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14
Q

number of cases of the disease existing in a population during a specific time period

A

period prevalence

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15
Q

number of cases of the disease existing in a population at a particular moment in time

A

point prevalence

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16
Q

types of disease based on behavior within a host

A

communicable, non-communicable, contagious

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17
Q

spreads from one host to another direct or indirectly

A

communicable

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18
Q

harmful functions that affect an individual

A

pathologic functions

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19
Q
  • has symptoms
  • apparent
A

case

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19
Q

does not from one host to another directly or indirectly

A

non-communicable

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20
Q

easily spreads from one host to another

A

contagious

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21
Q

types of disease based on source of microorganism

A

exogenous, endogenous, nosocomial

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22
Q

exposure to ___ causes the transmission of communicable disease

A

risk factors

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23
disease came from the external environment
exogenous
24
disease came from inside our body
endogenous
25
disease came from the hospital
nosocomial
26
- no symptoms - not apparent
incident
27
type of disease based on frequency of occurence
sporadic, endemic, epidemic, pandemic
28
occasional occurence of disease; seasonal; on and off
sporadic
29
- constant - low level of population is affected - all year round - minimal cases
endemic
30
- relatively short - gret number of affected population
epidemic
31
- at least three regions in the world - worldwide occurence
pandemic
32
types of disease based on severity or duration
acute, chronic, subacute, latent
33
- develops rapidly - only lasts for a short time
acute
34
intermediate duration of disease
subacute
35
- develops more slowly - continual or recurrent for long periods
chronic
36
causative agent remians inactive for a time but then becomes active
latent
37
majority of the population be resistant against a disease; limits the transmission of miroorganism
herd immunity
38
type of infection based on extent of host involvement
localized, systemic, focal
39
infection limited to a small body area
localized infection
40
infection wherein microorganisms (or their products) are spread throughout the body
systemic infection
41
local infection enter blood or lymph vessel and spread to other specific parts of the body
focal infection
42
type of infection according to host resistance
primary, secondary, inapparent
43
acute infection that causes the intial illness
primary infection
44
infection caused by opportunistic microbe
secondary infection
45
infection that does not cause any noticeable illness
inapparent infection
46
enumerate the chain of infection
pathogen > reservior > portal of exit > mode of transmission > portal of entry > susceptible host
47
enumerate the steps of the development of disease
- incubation period - prodromal period - period of illness - period of decline - period of convalescence
48
time interval between the initial infection and the first apperance of any signs or symptoms
incubation period
49
a relatively short period characterized by early, mild symptoms of disease which are generally non-specific (e.g. fever, general aches, malaise)
prodromal period
50
presence of bacteria in the blood
bacteremia
51
the infection is already taking place in th blood
septicemia
52
toxins are present in the blood
toxemia
53
viruses are present in the blood
viremia
54
- period of maxial invasion - manifestation of symptoms distinctive to the disease
period of illness
55
several outcomes of period of illness
- recovery - fulminant infection - acute to chronic form - carrier state
56
- signs and symptoms start to subside - person become more suscpetible to secondary infections (e.g. pneumodia after URTI)
period of decline
57
- person regains strength and return to pre-diseased state - recovery occurs
period of convalescence
58
for a disease to perpetuate itself, there must be a continual source of the disase organism
reservoir
59
reservoir wherein disease may be directly or indirectly transmitted from one individual to another
human reservoir
60
living reserviors of infection
carriers
61
reservoir wherein disease may be caused by wild or domestic animals
animal reservoir
62
zoonotic infections may be transmitted through
- direct contact - food and water contamintion - consuming infected animal products
63
reservoir that includes insects and arachnids; VECTORS
arthropod reservoir
64
2 major nonliving reservoirs
soil and water
65
nonliving reservoir that harbors pathogens like clostridium botulinum and clostridium tetani
soil
66
nonliving reservoir tha has pathogens like vibrio cholerae and salmonella typhi
water (contaminated)
67
- person to person transmission - touching, kissing, sexual intercourse - common cold, infuenza, kissing disease
direct
68
- coughing and sneezing - close proximity for droplets to be transmitted
droplet
69
- no direct human to human contacts - transmitted through non-living objects
indirect
70
- through dust or aerosols - < microns in size - measles, TB, histoplasmosis
airborne
71
transmission of disease by a medium; inanimate
vehicle transmission
72
inanimate objects that can transmit disease
fomites
73
transmission by animate beings
vector transmission
74
type of vector transmission when pathogens is carried passively, by feet or other body parts of insects
mechanical transmission
75
type of vector transmission where active and more complex transmission
biological transmission
76
carrier with period of incubation
incubatory carrier
77
carrier with super delayed transmission
convalescent carrier
78
carrier that is actively transmitting disease
active carrier
79
carrier but asymptomatic (still infected)
healthy carrier
80
carrier but is not infected with the disease
passive carrier
81
diseases that are new and usually require transmission of microbes from animals to host
emerging infectious diseases (EID)
82
kissing disease
infectious mononucleosis

MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY (18 decks)

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