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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY > INFECTION AND BACTERIAL INVASION > Flashcards

INFECTION AND BACTERIAL INVASION Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  • scientific study of disease
  • concerned with the etiology and the manner in which a disease develops
  • deals with structural and functional changes
A

pathology

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2
Q

invasion of microorganisms in the body

A

infection

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3
Q

changes in the state of health due to infection

A

disease

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4
Q

koch’s postulates

suspected causative agent must be absent from all ___ organisms but present in all ___ organisms

A

healthy, diseased

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5
Q

koch’s postulates

causative agent must be ___ from the disease organisms and grown in ___

A

isolated, pure culture

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6
Q

koch’s postulates

culutred agent must cause the ___ when inoculated into a healthy suscpetible organism

A

same disease

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7
Q

koch’ s postulates

the same causative agent must be isolated from the ___ disease organism

A

inoculated

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7
Q

diseases are classified based on the following

A
  • behavior within a host
  • sources of microorganisms
  • disease occurence
  • severity / duration of disease
  • extent of host involvement
  • host resistance
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8
Q

subjective changes in the body

A

symptoms

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9
Q

objective changes the physician can observe and measure

A

signs

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10
Q

specific signs of symptoms accompanying a disease

A

syndrome

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11
Q

number of new cases of a disease in a defined population during a specific time period

A

incidence

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12
Q

number of people in a population who developed the disease at a specified time, regardless of when it first appeared

A

prevalence

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13
Q

2 types of prevalence

A

period, point

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14
Q

number of cases of the disease existing in a population during a specific time period

A

period prevalence

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15
Q

number of cases of the disease existing in a population at a particular moment in time

A

point prevalence

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16
Q

types of disease based on behavior within a host

A

communicable, non-communicable, contagious

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17
Q

spreads from one host to another direct or indirectly

A

communicable

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18
Q

harmful functions that affect an individual

A

pathologic functions

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19
Q
  • has symptoms
  • apparent
A

case

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19
Q

does not from one host to another directly or indirectly

A

non-communicable

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20
Q

easily spreads from one host to another

A

contagious

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21
Q

types of disease based on source of microorganism

A

exogenous, endogenous, nosocomial

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22
Q

exposure to ___ causes the transmission of communicable disease

A

risk factors

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23
Q

disease came from the external environment

A

exogenous

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24
Q

disease came from inside our body

A

endogenous

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25
Q

disease came from the hospital

A

nosocomial

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26
Q
  • no symptoms
  • not apparent
A

incident

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27
Q

type of disease based on frequency of occurence

A

sporadic, endemic, epidemic, pandemic

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28
Q

occasional occurence of disease; seasonal; on and off

A

sporadic

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29
Q
  • constant
  • low level of population is affected
  • all year round
  • minimal cases
A

endemic

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30
Q
  • relatively short
  • gret number of affected population
A

epidemic

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31
Q
  • at least three regions in the world
  • worldwide occurence
A

pandemic

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32
Q

types of disease based on severity or duration

A

acute, chronic, subacute, latent

33
Q
  • develops rapidly
  • only lasts for a short time
A

acute

34
Q

intermediate duration of disease

A

subacute

35
Q
  • develops more slowly
  • continual or recurrent for long periods
A

chronic

36
Q

causative agent remians inactive for a time but then becomes active

A

latent

37
Q

majority of the population be resistant against a disease; limits the transmission of miroorganism

A

herd immunity

38
Q

type of infection based on extent of host involvement

A

localized, systemic, focal

39
Q

infection limited to a small body area

A

localized infection

40
Q

infection wherein microorganisms (or their products) are spread throughout the body

A

systemic infection

41
Q

local infection enter blood or lymph vessel and spread to other specific parts of the body

A

focal infection

42
Q

type of infection according to host resistance

A

primary, secondary, inapparent

43
Q

acute infection that causes the intial illness

A

primary infection

44
Q

infection caused by opportunistic microbe

A

secondary infection

45
Q

infection that does not cause any noticeable illness

A

inapparent infection

46
Q

enumerate the chain of infection

A

pathogen > reservior > portal of exit > mode of transmission > portal of entry > susceptible host

47
Q

enumerate the steps of the development of disease

A
  • incubation period
  • prodromal period
  • period of illness
  • period of decline
  • period of convalescence
48
Q

time interval between the initial infection and the first apperance of any signs or symptoms

A

incubation period

49
Q

a relatively short period characterized by early, mild symptoms of disease which are generally non-specific (e.g. fever, general aches, malaise)

A

prodromal period

50
Q

presence of bacteria in the blood

A

bacteremia

51
Q

the infection is already taking place in th blood

A

septicemia

52
Q

toxins are present in the blood

A

toxemia

53
Q

viruses are present in the blood

A

viremia

54
Q
  • period of maxial invasion
  • manifestation of symptoms distinctive to the disease
A

period of illness

55
Q

several outcomes of period of illness

A
  • recovery
  • fulminant infection
  • acute to chronic form
  • carrier state
56
Q
  • signs and symptoms start to subside
  • person become more suscpetible to secondary infections (e.g. pneumodia after URTI)
A

period of decline

57
Q
  • person regains strength and return to pre-diseased state
  • recovery occurs
A

period of convalescence

58
Q

for a disease to perpetuate itself, there must be a continual source of the disase organism

A

reservoir

59
Q

reservoir wherein disease may be directly or indirectly transmitted from one individual to another

A

human reservoir

60
Q

living reserviors of infection

A

carriers

61
Q

reservoir wherein disease may be caused by wild or domestic animals

A

animal reservoir

62
Q

zoonotic infections may be transmitted through

A
  • direct contact
  • food and water contamintion
  • consuming infected animal products
63
Q

reservoir that includes insects and arachnids; VECTORS

A

arthropod reservoir

64
Q

2 major nonliving reservoirs

A

soil and water

65
Q

nonliving reservoir that harbors pathogens like clostridium botulinum and clostridium tetani

A

soil

66
Q

nonliving reservoir tha has pathogens like vibrio cholerae and salmonella typhi

A

water (contaminated)

67
Q
  • person to person transmission
  • touching, kissing, sexual intercourse
  • common cold, infuenza, kissing disease
A

direct

68
Q
  • coughing and sneezing
  • close proximity for droplets to be transmitted
A

droplet

69
Q
  • no direct human to human contacts
  • transmitted through non-living objects
A

indirect

70
Q
  • through dust or aerosols
  • < microns in size
  • measles, TB, histoplasmosis
A

airborne

71
Q

transmission of disease by a medium; inanimate

A

vehicle transmission

72
Q

inanimate objects that can transmit disease

A

fomites

73
Q

transmission by animate beings

A

vector transmission

74
Q

type of vector transmission when pathogens is carried passively, by feet or other body parts of insects

A

mechanical transmission

75
Q

type of vector transmission where active and more complex transmission

A

biological transmission

76
Q

carrier with period of incubation

A

incubatory carrier

77
Q

carrier with super delayed transmission

A

convalescent carrier

78
Q

carrier that is actively transmitting disease

A

active carrier

79
Q

carrier but asymptomatic (still infected)

A

healthy carrier

80
Q

carrier but is not infected with the disease

A

passive carrier

81
Q

diseases that are new and usually require transmission of microbes from animals to host

A

emerging infectious diseases (EID)

82
Q

kissing disease

A

infectious mononucleosis

MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY (18 decks)

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