INTEGUMENTARY DISEASES Flashcards
encompasses all follicle-associated lesions, from the isolated pimple to severe widespread acne
acne / acne vulgaris
pathophysiology of acne
- plugging of hair follicle
- sebaceous gland hyperactivity
- proliferation of bacteria
- inflammation
acne classification - under the skin, no opening
closed
acne classification - open comedo
open
acne classification - erythematous papules and pustules, comedones may be present
inflammatory
acne classification - consist of comedones and inflammatory lesions, deeper nodules and cysts or absecess
nodulocystic
- infection of hair follicles
- single or multiple
boil / furuncle
cluster of boils
carbuncles
recurrent abscess of the hair follicle
chronic furunculosis
- superficial bacterial skin infection
- highly contagious
impetigo
type of impetigo - red papule to vesicle or pustule; HONEY colored crust
non-bullous
type of impetigo - < 2 years; found in trunk, arms, and legs; painless fluid-filled blisters; YELLOW colored crust
bullous
type of impetigo - serious from; penetrate into dermis; painful fluid or pus filled sores
ecthyma
etiologic agent of acne
propionibacterium acnes
etiologic agent of boil
staphylococcus aureus
etiologic agent of impetigo
- staphylococcus aureus
- streptococcus pyogenes
- methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
mode of transmission of acne
NOT transmissible; endogenous
mode of transmission of boil
direct / indirect contact
mode of transmission of impetigo
direct / indirect contact, mechanical vector
incubation period of impetigo
2-5 days
SS:
- white and blackheads
- inflammation, papules, pustules
- cyst or abscesses
acne
SS:
- itching, red lump
- red swollen skin
- pustule with yellow-white tip
- fever and lymphadenitis
boil
SS:
- peeling, crusty, flaky skin
- pruritus
- painless, fluid-filled blisters
- regional lymphadenopathy
impetigo
predisposing factors of acne
- heredity
- hormonal changes
- menstrual period, birth
- heavy oils and greases
- rubbing, cosmetic
- stress and climate
predisposing factors of boil
- infected wound
- poor hygiene
- impaired immune system
predisposing factors of impetigo
- poor hygiene
- anemia
- malnutrition
- warm climate
treatment for inflammatory acne
benzoyl peroxide
treatment for comedonal acne
topical retinoic acid
treatment for mild pustular and comedone acne
topical antibiotics
treatment for boil
- warm moist compress
- I&D
- antibacterial soap
treatment for impetigo
-I&D
- mupirocin, cephalexin
complications:
- abscess formation
- permanent scar
- secondary bacterial infection
acne
complications:
- permanent scar
- secondary infection (cellulitis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, etc)
boil
complications:
- glomerulonephritis
- meningitis
- bacteremia
- osteomyelitis
- scarring
impetigo
- group of superficial fungal infections
- affecting the stratum corneum and their hair and nails
tinea infections
other names for tinea infections
- dermatophytosis
- ringworm
- cutaneous mycoses
etiologic agents of tinea infections
- epidermophyton
- trichophyton
- microsporum
risk factors of tinea infections
- damp, humid, crowded conditions
- sweat excessively
- participate in contact sports
- sharing items
- tight or restricted clothing
mode of transmission of tinea infections
- direct / indirect contact
- contact with contaminated animals / soil
tinea infection in the scalp
tinea capitis
tinea infection in the body
tinea corporis
tinea infection in the chin
tinea barbae
tinea infection in the groin
tinea cruris
tinea infection in the feet
tinea pedis
tinea infection in the nails
tinea unguium
tinea infection in the hands
tinea manuum
SS:
- small scaly patches
- severe alopecia
tinea capitis
SS:
- dry, scaly or moist and crusty reddish RINGS
pustule, pruritus
tinea corporis
SS:
- pustular folliculitis on chin
tinea barbae
SS:
- red lesions in the groin area
- pruritus
tinea cruris
SS:
- white and scaly patches to deep fissured lesion on the hand
- pruritus
tinea manuum
SS:
- white patches in nail bed
- thickening, distortion, darkening
tinea unguium
SS:
- scales, blisters, crust on the foot
- patches, pruritus, pain
tinea pedis
diagnostic procedure for tinea infections
KOH exam
treatment for tinea infections
- antifungal
(griseofulvin, itraconazole, miconazole, tolnaftate, terbinafine, thiabendazine) - surgical - debridement
- aka pink eye
- most common and treatable eye infection
- benign, self limiting, may also be chronic
conjunctivitis
bacterial etiologic agents of conjunctivitis
- staphylococcus aureus
- streptococcus pneumoniae
- neisseria gonorrheae
- nesseria meningitidis
- clamydia trachomatis
- haemohilus influenza biogroup aegyptus
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
viral etiologic agents of conjunctivitis
- adenovirus type 3, 7, 8, 19, 23
- herpes simplex virus 1
- enterovirus 70
- coxsackie A24 virus
- measles virus
incubation period of bacterial conjunctivitis
24-72 hours
incubation period of conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia trachomatis
5-12 days
incubation period of viral conjunctivitis
12 hours - 3 days
conjunctivitis with yellowish discharge
bacterial
conjunctivitis with clear, watery discharge
viral
conjunctivitis that is long term / chronic
vernal
conjunctivitis with burning sensation
chemical
treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis
ciprofloxacin
treatment for viral conjunctivitis
sulfonamide
treatment for neonatal conjunctivitis
topical erythromycin, cephalosporin
treatment for chemical conjunctivitis
NSS flush, topical steroids
treatment for vernal conjunctivitis
corticocosteroid drops, cromolyn sodium, cold compress, oral antihistamine
treatment for herpes conjunctivitis
trifluride drops, vidarabine ointment, oral acyclovir
complications:
- corneal ulceration
- corneal infiltrates
- keratitis
- blindness
conjunctivitis
- applied to newborns
- to avoid conjunctivitis from neisseria gonorrheae
- erythomycin opthlamic ointment
crede’s prophylaxis
- external otitis / swimmer’s ear
- inflammation of the skin of ther external ear canal and auricle
otitis externa
- inflammation of the middle ear that may suppurative or secretory, acute or chronic, persistent or unresponsive
otitis media
etiologic agents of otitis externa
- staphylococcus aureus
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- group A streptococci
- proteus vulgairs
- candida albicans
- aspergillus niger
- escherichia coli
etiologic agents of otitis media
- stretococcus pneumoniae
- hemophilus inlfuenzae
- moraxella catarrhalis
- beta-hemolytic stretpcocci
- staphylococcus aureus
predisposing factors of otitis externa
- swimming in contaminated water
- cleaning ear canal with cotton swab, finger, etc.
- exposure to dust and other irritants
- regular use of earphones, earmuff, earplugs
- chronic drainage from tympanic membrane
- perfumes, self-administered eardrops
predisposing factors of otitis media
- age
- wider, shorter, horizontal eustachian tube
- increased lymphoid tissue
- gastroesophageal reflux
- bottle feeding
- exposure to passive smoking
- use of pacifiers
SS:
- red, swollen canal
- fever, foul-smelling discharge
- regional cellulitis
- partial hearing loss
- crusting in the external ear
- black/gray growth in ear canal
acute otitis externa
SS:
- intense pruritus
- scaling and skin thickening of the lumen
- aural discharge
- asteatosis
chronic otitis externa
SS:
- earache
- runny, stuffy nose
- cough, headaches, fever
- tinnitus
- dizziness
- purulent drainage
- temporary hearing loss
otitis media
otitis media type - persistent ear infection characterized by chronic inflammation, persistent discharge (pus), and perforation of the tympanic membrane
chronic suppurative otitis media
otitis media type - accumulation of non-infected fluid (effusion) in the middle ear without eardrum perforation, typically leading to hearing loss and a feeling of fullness in the ear rather than infection symptoms
chronic secretory otitis media
treatment for otitis externa
- heat therapy
- flushing / irrigation with 3% hypertonic saline
- polymyxin eardrops
- keratolytic: 2% salicylic acid
treatment for otitis media
- amoxicillin, cefuroxime, azithromycin
- surgical - myringotomy
complications:
- otitis media
- hearing loss
- cellulitis
- stenosis of ear canal
otitis externa
complications:
- rupture of tympanic membrane
- mastoiditis
- meningitis
- vertigo
- suppurative labyrinthitis
- facial paralysis
- tympanosclerosis
otitis media
