INTEGUMENTARY DISEASES Flashcards
1
Q
encompasses all follicle-associated lesions, from the isolated pimple to severe widespread acne
A
acne / acne vulgaris
2
Q
pathophysiology of acne
A
- plugging of hair follicle
- sebaceous gland hyperactivity
- proliferation of bacteria
- inflammation
3
Q
acne classification - under the skin, no opening
A
closed
4
Q
acne classification - open comedo
A
open
5
Q
acne classification - erythematous papules and pustules, comedones may be present
A
inflammatory
6
Q
acne classification - consist of comedones and inflammatory lesions, deeper nodules and cysts or absecess
A
nodulocystic
7
Q
- infection of hair follicles
- single or multiple
A
boil / furuncle
8
Q
cluster of boils
A
carbuncles
9
Q
recurrent abscess of the hair follicle
A
chronic furunculosis
10
Q
- superficial bacterial skin infection
- highly contagious
A
impetigo
11
Q
type of impetigo - red papule to vesicle or pustule; HONEY colored crust
A
non-bullous
12
Q
type of impetigo - < 2 years; found in trunk, arms, and legs; painless fluid-filled blisters; YELLOW colored crust
A
bullous
13
Q
type of impetigo - serious from; penetrate into dermis; painful fluid or pus filled sores
A
ecthyma
14
Q
etiologic agent of acne
A
propionibacterium acnes
15
Q
etiologic agent of boil
A
staphylococcus aureus
16
Q
etiologic agent of impetigo
A
- staphylococcus aureus
- streptococcus pyogenes
- methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
17
Q
mode of transmission of acne
A
NOT transmissible; endogenous
18
Q
mode of transmission of boil
A
direct / indirect contact
19
Q
mode of transmission of impetigo
A
direct / indirect contact, mechanical vector
20
Q
incubation period of impetigo
A
2-5 days
21
Q
SS:
- white and blackheads
- inflammation, papules, pustules
- cyst or abscesses
A
acne
22
Q
SS:
- itching, red lump
- red swollen skin
- pustule with yellow-white tip
- fever and lymphadenitis
A
boil
23
Q
SS:
- peeling, crusty, flaky skin
- pruritus
- painless, fluid-filled blisters
- regional lymphadenopathy
A
impetigo
24
Q
predisposing factors of acne
A
- heredity
- hormonal changes
- menstrual period, birth
- heavy oils and greases
- rubbing, cosmetic
- stress and climate
25
predisposing factors of boil
- infected wound
- poor hygiene
- impaired immune system
26
predisposing factors of impetigo
- poor hygiene
- anemia
- malnutrition
- warm climate
27
treatment for inflammatory acne
benzoyl peroxide
28
treatment for comedonal acne
topical retinoic acid
29
treatment for mild pustular and comedone acne
topical antibiotics
30
treatment for boil
- warm moist compress
- I&D
- antibacterial soap
31
treatment for impetigo
-I&D
- mupirocin, cephalexin
32
complications:
- abscess formation
- permanent scar
- secondary bacterial infection
acne
33
complications:
- permanent scar
- secondary infection (cellulitis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, etc)
boil
34
complications:
- glomerulonephritis
- meningitis
- bacteremia
- osteomyelitis
- scarring
impetigo
35
- group of superficial fungal infections
- affecting the stratum corneum and their hair and nails
tinea infections
36
other names for tinea infections
- dermatophytosis
- ringworm
- cutaneous mycoses
37
etiologic agents of tinea infections
- epidermophyton
- trichophyton
- microsporum
38
risk factors of tinea infections
- damp, humid, crowded conditions
- sweat excessively
- participate in contact sports
- sharing items
- tight or restricted clothing
39
mode of transmission of tinea infections
- direct / indirect contact
- contact with contaminated animals / soil
40
tinea infection in the scalp
tinea capitis
41
tinea infection in the body
tinea corporis
42
tinea infection in the chin
tinea barbae
43
tinea infection in the groin
tinea cruris
44
tinea infection in the feet
tinea pedis
45
tinea infection in the nails
tinea unguium
46
tinea infection in the hands
tinea manuum
47
SS:
- small scaly patches
- severe alopecia
tinea capitis
48
SS:
- dry, scaly or moist and crusty reddish RINGS
pustule, pruritus
tinea corporis
49
SS:
- pustular folliculitis on chin
tinea barbae
50
SS:
- red lesions in the groin area
- pruritus
tinea cruris
51
SS:
- white and scaly patches to deep fissured lesion on the hand
- pruritus
tinea manuum
52
SS:
- white patches in nail bed
- thickening, distortion, darkening
tinea unguium
53
SS:
- scales, blisters, crust on the foot
- patches, pruritus, pain
tinea pedis
54
diagnostic procedure for tinea infections
KOH exam
55
treatment for tinea infections
- antifungal
(griseofulvin, itraconazole, miconazole, tolnaftate, terbinafine, thiabendazine)
- surgical - debridement
56
- aka pink eye
- most common and treatable eye infection
- benign, self limiting, may also be chronic
conjunctivitis
57
bacterial etiologic agents of conjunctivitis
- staphylococcus aureus
- streptococcus pneumoniae
- neisseria gonorrheae
- nesseria meningitidis
- clamydia trachomatis
- haemohilus influenza biogroup aegyptus
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
58
viral etiologic agents of conjunctivitis
- adenovirus type 3, 7, 8, 19, 23
- herpes simplex virus 1
- enterovirus 70
- coxsackie A24 virus
- measles virus
59
incubation period of bacterial conjunctivitis
24-72 hours
60
incubation period of conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia trachomatis
5-12 days
61
incubation period of viral conjunctivitis
12 hours - 3 days
62
conjunctivitis with yellowish discharge
bacterial
63
conjunctivitis with clear, watery discharge
viral
64
conjunctivitis that is long term / chronic
vernal
65
conjunctivitis with burning sensation
chemical
66
treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis
ciprofloxacin
67
treatment for viral conjunctivitis
sulfonamide
68
treatment for neonatal conjunctivitis
topical erythromycin, cephalosporin
69
treatment for chemical conjunctivitis
NSS flush, topical steroids
70
treatment for vernal conjunctivitis
corticocosteroid drops, cromolyn sodium, cold compress, oral antihistamine
71
treatment for herpes conjunctivitis
trifluride drops, vidarabine ointment, oral acyclovir
72
complications:
- corneal ulceration
- corneal infiltrates
- keratitis
- blindness
conjunctivitis
73
- applied to newborns
- to avoid conjunctivitis from neisseria gonorrheae
- erythomycin opthlamic ointment
crede's prophylaxis
74
- external otitis / swimmer's ear
- inflammation of the skin of ther external ear canal and auricle
otitis externa
75
- inflammation of the middle ear that may suppurative or secretory, acute or chronic, persistent or unresponsive
otitis media
76
etiologic agents of otitis externa
- staphylococcus aureus
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- group A streptococci
- proteus vulgairs
- candida albicans
- aspergillus niger
- escherichia coli
77
etiologic agents of otitis media
- stretococcus pneumoniae
- hemophilus inlfuenzae
- moraxella catarrhalis
- beta-hemolytic stretpcocci
- staphylococcus aureus
78
predisposing factors of otitis externa
- swimming in contaminated water
- cleaning ear canal with cotton swab, finger, etc.
- exposure to dust and other irritants
- regular use of earphones, earmuff, earplugs
- chronic drainage from tympanic membrane
- perfumes, self-administered eardrops
79
predisposing factors of otitis media
- age
- wider, shorter, horizontal eustachian tube
- increased lymphoid tissue
- gastroesophageal reflux
- bottle feeding
- exposure to passive smoking
- use of pacifiers
80
SS:
- red, swollen canal
- fever, foul-smelling discharge
- regional cellulitis
- partial hearing loss
- crusting in the external ear
- black/gray growth in ear canal
acute otitis externa
81
SS:
- intense pruritus
- scaling and skin thickening of the lumen
- aural discharge
- asteatosis
chronic otitis externa
82
SS:
- earache
- runny, stuffy nose
- cough, headaches, fever
- tinnitus
- dizziness
- purulent drainage
- temporary hearing loss
otitis media
83
otitis media type - persistent ear infection characterized by chronic inflammation, persistent discharge (pus), and perforation of the tympanic membrane
chronic suppurative otitis media
84
otitis media type - accumulation of non-infected fluid (effusion) in the middle ear without eardrum perforation, typically leading to hearing loss and a feeling of fullness in the ear rather than infection symptoms
chronic secretory otitis media
85
treatment for otitis externa
- heat therapy
- flushing / irrigation with 3% hypertonic saline
- polymyxin eardrops
- keratolytic: 2% salicylic acid
86
treatment for otitis media
- amoxicillin, cefuroxime, azithromycin
- surgical - myringotomy
87
complications:
- otitis media
- hearing loss
- cellulitis
- stenosis of ear canal
otitis externa
88
complications:
- rupture of tympanic membrane
- mastoiditis
- meningitis
- vertigo
- suppurative labyrinthitis
- facial paralysis
- tympanosclerosis
otitis media
