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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY > INTEGUMENTARY DISEASES > Flashcards

INTEGUMENTARY DISEASES Flashcards

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1
Q

encompasses all follicle-associated lesions, from the isolated pimple to severe widespread acne

A

acne / acne vulgaris

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2
Q

pathophysiology of acne

A
  • plugging of hair follicle
  • sebaceous gland hyperactivity
  • proliferation of bacteria
  • inflammation
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3
Q

acne classification - under the skin, no opening

A

closed

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4
Q

acne classification - open comedo

A

open

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5
Q

acne classification - erythematous papules and pustules, comedones may be present

A

inflammatory

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6
Q

acne classification - consist of comedones and inflammatory lesions, deeper nodules and cysts or absecess

A

nodulocystic

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7
Q
  • infection of hair follicles
  • single or multiple
A

boil / furuncle

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8
Q

cluster of boils

A

carbuncles

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9
Q

recurrent abscess of the hair follicle

A

chronic furunculosis

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10
Q
  • superficial bacterial skin infection
  • highly contagious
A

impetigo

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11
Q

type of impetigo - red papule to vesicle or pustule; HONEY colored crust

A

non-bullous

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12
Q

type of impetigo - < 2 years; found in trunk, arms, and legs; painless fluid-filled blisters; YELLOW colored crust

A

bullous

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13
Q

type of impetigo - serious from; penetrate into dermis; painful fluid or pus filled sores

A

ecthyma

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14
Q

etiologic agent of acne

A

propionibacterium acnes

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15
Q

etiologic agent of boil

A

staphylococcus aureus

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16
Q

etiologic agent of impetigo

A
  • staphylococcus aureus
  • streptococcus pyogenes
  • methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
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17
Q

mode of transmission of acne

A

NOT transmissible; endogenous

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18
Q

mode of transmission of boil

A

direct / indirect contact

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19
Q

mode of transmission of impetigo

A

direct / indirect contact, mechanical vector

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20
Q

incubation period of impetigo

A

2-5 days

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21
Q

SS:

  • white and blackheads
  • inflammation, papules, pustules
  • cyst or abscesses
A

acne

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22
Q

SS:

  • itching, red lump
  • red swollen skin
  • pustule with yellow-white tip
  • fever and lymphadenitis
A

boil

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23
Q

SS:

  • peeling, crusty, flaky skin
  • pruritus
  • painless, fluid-filled blisters
  • regional lymphadenopathy
A

impetigo

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24
Q

predisposing factors of acne

A
  • heredity
  • hormonal changes
  • menstrual period, birth
  • heavy oils and greases
  • rubbing, cosmetic
  • stress and climate
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25
Q

predisposing factors of boil

A
  • infected wound
  • poor hygiene
  • impaired immune system
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26
Q

predisposing factors of impetigo

A
  • poor hygiene
  • anemia
  • malnutrition
  • warm climate
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27
Q

treatment for inflammatory acne

A

benzoyl peroxide

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28
Q

treatment for comedonal acne

A

topical retinoic acid

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29
Q

treatment for mild pustular and comedone acne

A

topical antibiotics

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30
Q

treatment for boil

A
  • warm moist compress
  • I&D
  • antibacterial soap
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31
Q

treatment for impetigo

A

-I&D
- mupirocin, cephalexin

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32
Q

complications:

  • abscess formation
  • permanent scar
  • secondary bacterial infection
A

acne

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33
Q

complications:

  • permanent scar
  • secondary infection (cellulitis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, etc)
A

boil

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34
Q

complications:

  • glomerulonephritis
  • meningitis
  • bacteremia
  • osteomyelitis
  • scarring
A

impetigo

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35
Q
  • group of superficial fungal infections
  • affecting the stratum corneum and their hair and nails
A

tinea infections

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36
Q

other names for tinea infections

A
  • dermatophytosis
  • ringworm
  • cutaneous mycoses
37
Q

etiologic agents of tinea infections

A
  • epidermophyton
  • trichophyton
  • microsporum
38
Q

risk factors of tinea infections

A
  • damp, humid, crowded conditions
  • sweat excessively
  • participate in contact sports
  • sharing items
  • tight or restricted clothing
39
Q

mode of transmission of tinea infections

A
  • direct / indirect contact
  • contact with contaminated animals / soil
40
Q

tinea infection in the scalp

A

tinea capitis

41
Q

tinea infection in the body

A

tinea corporis

42
Q

tinea infection in the chin

A

tinea barbae

43
Q

tinea infection in the groin

A

tinea cruris

44
Q

tinea infection in the feet

A

tinea pedis

45
Q

tinea infection in the nails

A

tinea unguium

46
Q

tinea infection in the hands

A

tinea manuum

47
Q

SS:

  • small scaly patches
  • severe alopecia
A

tinea capitis

48
Q

SS:

  • dry, scaly or moist and crusty reddish RINGS
    pustule, pruritus
A

tinea corporis

49
Q

SS:

  • pustular folliculitis on chin
A

tinea barbae

50
Q

SS:

  • red lesions in the groin area
  • pruritus
A

tinea cruris

51
Q

SS:

  • white and scaly patches to deep fissured lesion on the hand
  • pruritus
A

tinea manuum

52
Q

SS:

  • white patches in nail bed
  • thickening, distortion, darkening
A

tinea unguium

53
Q

SS:

  • scales, blisters, crust on the foot
  • patches, pruritus, pain
A

tinea pedis

54
Q

diagnostic procedure for tinea infections

A

KOH exam

55
Q

treatment for tinea infections

A
  • antifungal
    (griseofulvin, itraconazole, miconazole, tolnaftate, terbinafine, thiabendazine)
  • surgical - debridement
56
Q
  • aka pink eye
  • most common and treatable eye infection
  • benign, self limiting, may also be chronic
A

conjunctivitis

57
Q

bacterial etiologic agents of conjunctivitis

A
  • staphylococcus aureus
  • streptococcus pneumoniae
  • neisseria gonorrheae
  • nesseria meningitidis
  • clamydia trachomatis
  • haemohilus influenza biogroup aegyptus
  • pseudomonas aeruginosa
58
Q

viral etiologic agents of conjunctivitis

A
  • adenovirus type 3, 7, 8, 19, 23
  • herpes simplex virus 1
  • enterovirus 70
  • coxsackie A24 virus
  • measles virus
59
Q

incubation period of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

24-72 hours

60
Q

incubation period of conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia trachomatis

A

5-12 days

61
Q

incubation period of viral conjunctivitis

A

12 hours - 3 days

62
Q

conjunctivitis with yellowish discharge

A

bacterial

63
Q

conjunctivitis with clear, watery discharge

A

viral

64
Q

conjunctivitis that is long term / chronic

A

vernal

65
Q

conjunctivitis with burning sensation

A

chemical

66
Q

treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

ciprofloxacin

67
Q

treatment for viral conjunctivitis

A

sulfonamide

68
Q

treatment for neonatal conjunctivitis

A

topical erythromycin, cephalosporin

69
Q

treatment for chemical conjunctivitis

A

NSS flush, topical steroids

70
Q

treatment for vernal conjunctivitis

A

corticocosteroid drops, cromolyn sodium, cold compress, oral antihistamine

71
Q

treatment for herpes conjunctivitis

A

trifluride drops, vidarabine ointment, oral acyclovir

72
Q

complications:

  • corneal ulceration
  • corneal infiltrates
  • keratitis
  • blindness
A

conjunctivitis

73
Q
  • applied to newborns
  • to avoid conjunctivitis from neisseria gonorrheae
  • erythomycin opthlamic ointment
A

crede’s prophylaxis

74
Q
  • external otitis / swimmer’s ear
  • inflammation of the skin of ther external ear canal and auricle
A

otitis externa

75
Q
  • inflammation of the middle ear that may suppurative or secretory, acute or chronic, persistent or unresponsive
A

otitis media

76
Q

etiologic agents of otitis externa

A
  • staphylococcus aureus
  • pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • group A streptococci
  • proteus vulgairs
  • candida albicans
  • aspergillus niger
  • escherichia coli
77
Q

etiologic agents of otitis media

A
  • stretococcus pneumoniae
  • hemophilus inlfuenzae
  • moraxella catarrhalis
  • beta-hemolytic stretpcocci
  • staphylococcus aureus
78
Q

predisposing factors of otitis externa

A
  • swimming in contaminated water
  • cleaning ear canal with cotton swab, finger, etc.
  • exposure to dust and other irritants
  • regular use of earphones, earmuff, earplugs
  • chronic drainage from tympanic membrane
  • perfumes, self-administered eardrops
79
Q

predisposing factors of otitis media

A
  • age
  • wider, shorter, horizontal eustachian tube
  • increased lymphoid tissue
  • gastroesophageal reflux
  • bottle feeding
  • exposure to passive smoking
  • use of pacifiers
80
Q

SS:

  • red, swollen canal
  • fever, foul-smelling discharge
  • regional cellulitis
  • partial hearing loss
  • crusting in the external ear
  • black/gray growth in ear canal
A

acute otitis externa

81
Q

SS:

  • intense pruritus
  • scaling and skin thickening of the lumen
  • aural discharge
  • asteatosis
A

chronic otitis externa

82
Q

SS:

  • earache
  • runny, stuffy nose
  • cough, headaches, fever
  • tinnitus
  • dizziness
  • purulent drainage
  • temporary hearing loss
A

otitis media

83
Q

otitis media type - persistent ear infection characterized by chronic inflammation, persistent discharge (pus), and perforation of the tympanic membrane

A

chronic suppurative otitis media

84
Q

otitis media type - accumulation of non-infected fluid (effusion) in the middle ear without eardrum perforation, typically leading to hearing loss and a feeling of fullness in the ear rather than infection symptoms

A

chronic secretory otitis media

85
Q

treatment for otitis externa

A
  • heat therapy
  • flushing / irrigation with 3% hypertonic saline
  • polymyxin eardrops
  • keratolytic: 2% salicylic acid
86
Q

treatment for otitis media

A
  • amoxicillin, cefuroxime, azithromycin
  • surgical - myringotomy
87
Q

complications:

  • otitis media
  • hearing loss
  • cellulitis
  • stenosis of ear canal
A

otitis externa

88
Q

complications:

  • rupture of tympanic membrane
  • mastoiditis
  • meningitis
  • vertigo
  • suppurative labyrinthitis
  • facial paralysis
  • tympanosclerosis
A

otitis media

MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY (18 decks)

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