NORMAL MICROBIOTA OF HUMANS Flashcards

1
Q
  • refers to living together or close association of 2 living organisms (each of diff species)
  • can occur in various ways depnsing on the effect it brings to the symbionts
A

symbiotic relationship / symbiosis

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2
Q

2 living organisms of different species livings close together

A

symbionts

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3
Q

what are the 4 symbiotic relationships between microorganisms?

A

neutralism, commensalism, mutualism, parasitism

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4
Q

different microorganisms occupy the same ecologic niche, but have absolutely n o effect on each other

A

neutralism

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5
Q

beneficial to one symbiont and of no consequence to the other (neither beneifical or harmful)

A

commensalism

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6
Q

beneficial to both symbionts and similarly produces positive effect towards each other

A

mutualism

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7
Q

mainly beneficial to one sybiont and harmful to the other, usually leaves through form of a disease

A

parasitism

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8
Q

all microbes on and within the human body do not produce disease under ___ conditions

A

normal

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9
Q

___ microbes and ___ different species are present in the body

A

100 trillion; 500 to 1000

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10
Q

origin of microbiota in newborns

A
  • exposure to mother’s genital tract
  • exposure to skin and respi tract of those who handle the newborn
  • general exposure to the envi
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11
Q

injected to the baby when born due to the absence of E.coli

A

vitamin K

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12
Q

2 types of normal microbiota in human

A

resident and transient

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13
Q

relatively of fixed types and are regularly found in a given are of the body at a given age

A

resident microbiota / flora

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14
Q

4 conditions for favorable growth

A

moisture, pH, temperature, nutrients

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15
Q

take up temporary residence on and within humans through their constant exposure to favorable external environment

A

transient microboita / flora

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16
Q

body sites that harbor knwon normal microbiota

A
  • skin and mucous membranes
  • eyes and ears
  • mouth and respi tract
  • GI tract
  • genitourinary tract
17
Q

which areas of the body are considered sterile or microbe free?

A

all internal tissues and organs and fluids within and organ or tissue

18
Q

microbiota of the skin

A

bacteria and fungi (mostly anaerobes)

19
Q

most common microbe of the skin

A

staphylococcus

20
Q

location of microbiota of the skin

A

skin near mucosal opening and moist folds in the body

21
Q

microbiota in the eyes are scant due to the flow of tears containing ___

22
Q

which parts of the ear are sterile?

A

middle and inner ear

23
Q

most common microbiota of oral cavity

A

streptococcus viridians group

24
Q

this are of the respi tract is wehre the initial colonization of meningitidis, diptheriae, and pertussis occur

A

upper respiratory tract

25
why is the lower respi tract normally sterile?
organisms are destoryed by alveolar macrophages
26
microbiota that survives stomach acidity due to urease; can cause duodenal cancer
helicobacter pylori
27
why do few microflora exist in the small intestine?
due to peristalsis
28
where can you find the largest number of microbes?
large intestine / colon
29
true or false: the 5 cm distal urethra and the external meatus consist of numerous microbes
false: only 1 cm
30
which part of the genitourinary tract is not sterile?
vagina
31
common microbiota on the vagina of female infant
lactobacillus spp.
32
pH of vagina during 1 month - puberty
pH 7 neutral
33
pH of vagina during puberty until menopause
pH 4-5 acidic
34
pH of vagina after menopause
pH > 5
35
what are the advantaged of normal microbiota?
- production of nutrients - microbial antagonism - biotherapeutic agents
36
disadvantage of normal microbiota
opportunistic infections