NORMAL MICROBIOTA OF HUMANS

Question 1

• refers to living together or close association of 2 living organisms (each of diff species)
• can occur in various ways depnsing on the effect it brings to the symbionts

Answer 1

symbiotic relationship / symbiosis

Question 2

2 living organisms of different species livings close together

Answer 2

symbionts

Question 3

what are the 4 symbiotic relationships between microorganisms?

Answer 3

neutralism, commensalism, mutualism, parasitism

Question 4

different microorganisms occupy the same ecologic niche, but have absolutely n o effect on each other

Answer 4

neutralism

Question 5

beneficial to one symbiont and of no consequence to the other (neither beneifical or harmful)

Answer 5

commensalism

Question 6

beneficial to both symbionts and similarly produces positive effect towards each other

Answer 6

mutualism

Question 7

mainly beneficial to one sybiont and harmful to the other, usually leaves through form of a disease

Answer 7

parasitism

Question 8

all microbes on and within the human body do not produce disease under ___ conditions

Answer 8

normal

Question 9

___ microbes and ___ different species are present in the body

Answer 9

100 trillion; 500 to 1000

Question 10

origin of microbiota in newborns

Answer 10

• exposure to mother’s genital tract
• exposure to skin and respi tract of those who handle the newborn
• general exposure to the envi

Question 11

injected to the baby when born due to the absence of E.coli

Answer 11

vitamin K

Question 12

2 types of normal microbiota in human

Answer 12

resident and transient

Question 13

relatively of fixed types and are regularly found in a given are of the body at a given age

Answer 13

resident microbiota / flora

Question 14

4 conditions for favorable growth

Answer 14

moisture, pH, temperature, nutrients

Question 15

take up temporary residence on and within humans through their constant exposure to favorable external environment

Answer 15

transient microboita / flora

Question 16

body sites that harbor knwon normal microbiota

Answer 16

• skin and mucous membranes
• eyes and ears
• mouth and respi tract
• GI tract
• genitourinary tract

Question 17

which areas of the body are considered sterile or microbe free?

Answer 17

all internal tissues and organs and fluids within and organ or tissue

Question 18

microbiota of the skin

Answer 18

bacteria and fungi (mostly anaerobes)

Question 19

most common microbe of the skin

Answer 19

staphylococcus

Question 20

location of microbiota of the skin

Answer 20

skin near mucosal opening and moist folds in the body

Question 21

microbiota in the eyes are scant due to the flow of tears containing ___

Answer 21

lysozyme

Question 22

which parts of the ear are sterile?

Answer 22

middle and inner ear

Question 23

most common microbiota of oral cavity

Answer 23

streptococcus viridians group

Question 24

this are of the respi tract is wehre the initial colonization of meningitidis, diptheriae, and pertussis occur

Answer 24

upper respiratory tract

Question 25

why is the lower respi tract normally sterile?

Answer 25

organisms are destoryed by alveolar macrophages

Question 26

microbiota that survives stomach acidity due to urease; can cause duodenal cancer

Answer 26

helicobacter pylori

Question 27

why do few microflora exist in the small intestine?

Answer 27

due to peristalsis

Question 28

where can you find the largest number of microbes?

Answer 28

large intestine / colon

Question 29

true or false: the 5 cm distal urethra and the external meatus consist of numerous microbes

Answer 29

false: only 1 cm

Question 30

which part of the genitourinary tract is not sterile?

Answer 30

vagina

Question 31

common microbiota on the vagina of female infant

Answer 31

lactobacillus spp.

Question 32

pH of vagina during 1 month - puberty

Answer 32

pH 7 neutral

Question 33

pH of vagina during puberty until menopause

Answer 33

pH 4-5 acidic

Question 34

pH of vagina after menopause

Answer 34

pH > 5

Question 35

what are the advantaged of normal microbiota?

Answer 35

• production of nutrients
• microbial antagonism
• biotherapeutic agents

Question 36

disadvantage of normal microbiota

Answer 36

opportunistic infections