GENITOURINARY DISEASES Flashcards
bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary system, including kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
UTI
2 types of UTI
primary, secondary
causative agent of UTI
e. coli
lower uti - urethritis
urethra
lower uti - cystitis
urinary bladder
upper uti - urethritis
ureters
upper uti - pyelonephritis
kidneys
which gender is more prone to uti?
females - due to shorter urethra
uti can be caused by diabetes due to ___
glucosuria
mode of transmission of uti
contact
incubation period of uti
3-8 days
SS:
- urinary frequency
- urinary urgency
- pain
UTI
burning sensation during peeing
dysuria
pain in the hypogastric or suprapubic during uti
cystitis
pain in the flank or groin during uti
urethritis and pyelonephritis
complications of uti
- sepsis
- inflamed repro system
- kidney damage
- acute kidney injury
gold standard procedure for screening uti
gram staining, culture, and sensitivity (GSCS)
uti treatment
- antibiotics
- fluid replacement
- analgesics
___ is effective for uncomplicated uti
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
zoonotic bacterial infection transmitted through urine of infected animals
leptospirosis
leptospirosis is also called ___
weil’s disease
causative agents of leptospirosis
- leptospira interrogans
- leptospira spp.
mode of transmission of leptospirosis
- conatact
- vehicle (contaminated water/soil)
- vector - rodents, wild animals
incubation period of leptospirosis
2-30 days
leptospirosis usually occurs ___ days after exposure
5-14 days
2 phases of leptospirosis
- leptospiremic phase
- immune phase
which phase of leptospirosis
- acute febrile illness
- sudden high fever
- severe headache
- conjunctivitis
- myalgia
- abdominal pain
leptospiremic phase
which phase of leptospirosis
- antibody production
- mild fever
- mild headache
- confusion
- jaundice
immune phase
complications of leptospirosis
- hepatic failure
- renal failure
- meningitis
gold standard screening test for leptopirosis
serology - microscopic agglutination test
treatment for leptospirosis - mild; effective prophylaxis for exposure
doxycycline
treatment for leptospirosis - severe
penicillin G
dialysis medication for leptopirosis
azotemia
sexually transmitted viral infection characterized by vesicles and papules in the external genitalia
genital herpes
genital herpes is also called ___
herpes genitalis
causative agent of genital herpes
herpes simplex virus (HSV 1 & 2)
sexually-transmitted viral infection characterized by growth or bumps on the genital area
genital warts
genital warts are also called ___
condylomata acuminata
causative agent of genital warts
human papillomavirus (HPV)
incubation period of genital herpes
2-7 days
incubation period of genital warts
- 1-8 months
- can also take years after acquiring HPV
mode of transmission of genital heperes
- oral secretions
- sex
- vertical transmission (mother to baby)
- asymptomatic shedding
mode of transmission of genital warts
- sex
- vertical transmission
- autoinoculation
- fomites
SS:
- slightly tender papule that ulcerates over 1 - several weeks
- itching / burning sensation
- dysuria
- fever and body pain
- swollen lymph nodes
genital herpes
SS:
- small, hard, benign lesions
- cauliflower-like shape cluster of warts
- itching and discomfort
- dyspareunia
genital warts
complications of genital herpes
- meningitis, encephalitis
- proctitis, urethritis
- secondary STI
complications of genital warts
cervical or vulvar cancer
screening test for genital herpes
- tzanck smear
- pcr
- immunofluorescence
screening test for genital warts
- papanicolaou smear
- DNA test
treatment for genital herpes
antivirals
treatment for genital warts
- imiquimod cream
- podofilox gel
- cryotherapy
- surgery
sexually-transmitted bacterial infection characterized by firm, round, painless sores (chancre) on genitals, rectum, or mouth
syphilis
causative agent of syphilis
treponema pallidum
mode of transmission of syphilis
- sex
- vertical transmission
- blood transfusion
incubation period of syphilis
10-90 days
syphilis SS:
- chancre
- hard, painless papule that becomes ulcer with well-delineated border
primary syphilis
syphilis SS:
- condylomata lata
- body rash
- flu-like symptoms
- lymphadenopathy
secondary syphilis
syphilis SS:
- asymptomatic
latent syphilis
syphilis SS:
- granulomatous skin lesions / gummas
- aortic aneurysm
- neurosyphilis
tertiary / late syphilis
syphilis SS:
- initially asymptomatic
- runny nose
- rash
- condylomata late
- hepatosplenomegaly
early congenital syphilis
syphilis SS:
- 8th nerve deafness with bone and teeth deformities
- saddle nose
- saber shins
- hutchinson’s teeth
- moon’s molars
late congenital syphilis
complications of syphilis
- organ damage
- multi-organ failure
diagnostic procedure for syphilis
- dark-field microscopy of exudate
- serology (VRDL, rapid plasma, fluorescent treopnemal)
treatment for syphilis
antibiotics (benzathine penicillin G, doxycycline)
fungal infection characterized by superficial white patches along oral and vaginal mucosa
cadidiasis
candidiasis is also called
thrush or moniliasis
causative agent of candidiasis
candida albicans
true or false: candidiasis can be cause by prolonged use of antibiotics / corticosteroids
true
mode of transmission of candidiasis
- contact
- vertical transmission
incubation period of candidiasis
oral - 2-5 days
vaginal - 2 days to 1 week
SS:
- white cheese / curd like tongue
- cracking
- burning sensation / tenderness
- pruritus
- loss of taste
oral candidiasis
SS:
- itching and irritation
- redness and swelling
- rash
- white cottage cheese / curd-like discharge from vagina
vaginal candidiasis
complication of candidiasis
sepsis - candidemia
diagnosis of candidiasis
- PE
- swab and culture
- microscopy with KOH
true or false: it is advised to soak bath when you have vaginal candidiasis
false
treatment for candidiasis
antifungals
sexually transmitted bacterial infection that cause infection in the genitals, rectum, and throat
gonorrhea
causative agent of gonorrhea
neisseria gonorrhoeae
sexually-transmitted bacterial infection that can cause infertility and ectopic pregnancy
chlamydia
causative agent of chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis
incubation period of gonorrhea
2-10 days
incubation period of chlamydia
7-21 days
mode of transmission of gonorrhea and chlamydia
- sex
- vertical transmission
diagnostic procedure for gonorrhea
- modifed thayer-martin culture
- nucleic acid amplification test
diagnostic procedure for chlamydia
- nucleic acid amplification test
SS:
- purulent yellow discharge
- dysuria
- swollen testicles
- abdominal pain
gonorrhea
primary site of infection of gonorrhea and chlamydia for males
urethra
primary site of infection of gonorrhea and chlamydia for females
cervix
SS:
- white watery discharge with foul small
- dysuria
- swollen testicles
chlamydia
female complications of gonorrhea and chlamydia
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- infertility
- ectopic pregnancy
male complication of gonorrhea and chlamydia
- epididymitis, proctitis
- infertility
treatment for gonorrhea
- ceftriaxone
- ciprofloxacin
- cefixime
- ofloxacin
treatment for chlamydia
- azithromycin
- doxycycline
- erythromycin
