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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY > GENITOURINARY DISEASES > Flashcards

GENITOURINARY DISEASES Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary system, including kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

A

UTI

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2
Q

2 types of UTI

A

primary, secondary

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3
Q

causative agent of UTI

A

e. coli

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4
Q

lower uti - urethritis

A

urethra

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5
Q

lower uti - cystitis

A

urinary bladder

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6
Q

upper uti - urethritis

A

ureters

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7
Q

upper uti - pyelonephritis

A

kidneys

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8
Q

which gender is more prone to uti?

A

females - due to shorter urethra

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9
Q

uti can be caused by diabetes due to ___

A

glucosuria

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10
Q

mode of transmission of uti

A

contact

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11
Q

incubation period of uti

A

3-8 days

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12
Q

SS:

  • urinary frequency
  • urinary urgency
  • pain
A

UTI

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13
Q

burning sensation during peeing

A

dysuria

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14
Q

pain in the hypogastric or suprapubic during uti

A

cystitis

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15
Q

pain in the flank or groin during uti

A

urethritis and pyelonephritis

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16
Q

complications of uti

A
  • sepsis
  • inflamed repro system
  • kidney damage
  • acute kidney injury
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17
Q

gold standard procedure for screening uti

A

gram staining, culture, and sensitivity (GSCS)

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18
Q

uti treatment

A
  • antibiotics
  • fluid replacement
  • analgesics
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19
Q

___ is effective for uncomplicated uti

A

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

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20
Q

zoonotic bacterial infection transmitted through urine of infected animals

A

leptospirosis

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21
Q

leptospirosis is also called ___

A

weil’s disease

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22
Q

causative agents of leptospirosis

A
  • leptospira interrogans
  • leptospira spp.
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23
Q

mode of transmission of leptospirosis

A
  • conatact
  • vehicle (contaminated water/soil)
  • vector - rodents, wild animals
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24
Q

incubation period of leptospirosis

A

2-30 days

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25
Q

leptospirosis usually occurs ___ days after exposure

A

5-14 days

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26
Q

2 phases of leptospirosis

A
  • leptospiremic phase
  • immune phase
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27
Q

which phase of leptospirosis

  • acute febrile illness
  • sudden high fever
  • severe headache
  • conjunctivitis
  • myalgia
  • abdominal pain
A

leptospiremic phase

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28
Q

which phase of leptospirosis

  • antibody production
  • mild fever
  • mild headache
  • confusion
  • jaundice
A

immune phase

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29
Q

complications of leptospirosis

A
  • hepatic failure
  • renal failure
  • meningitis
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30
Q

gold standard screening test for leptopirosis

A

serology - microscopic agglutination test

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31
Q

treatment for leptospirosis - mild; effective prophylaxis for exposure

A

doxycycline

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32
Q

treatment for leptospirosis - severe

A

penicillin G

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33
Q

dialysis medication for leptopirosis

A

azotemia

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34
Q

sexually transmitted viral infection characterized by vesicles and papules in the external genitalia

A

genital herpes

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35
Q

genital herpes is also called ___

A

herpes genitalis

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36
Q

causative agent of genital herpes

A

herpes simplex virus (HSV 1 & 2)

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37
Q

sexually-transmitted viral infection characterized by growth or bumps on the genital area

A

genital warts

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38
Q

genital warts are also called ___

A

condylomata acuminata

39
Q

causative agent of genital warts

A

human papillomavirus (HPV)

40
Q

incubation period of genital herpes

A

2-7 days

41
Q

incubation period of genital warts

A
  • 1-8 months
  • can also take years after acquiring HPV
42
Q

mode of transmission of genital heperes

A
  • oral secretions
  • sex
  • vertical transmission (mother to baby)
  • asymptomatic shedding
43
Q

mode of transmission of genital warts

A
  • sex
  • vertical transmission
  • autoinoculation
  • fomites
44
Q

SS:

  • slightly tender papule that ulcerates over 1 - several weeks
  • itching / burning sensation
  • dysuria
  • fever and body pain
  • swollen lymph nodes
A

genital herpes

45
Q

SS:

  • small, hard, benign lesions
  • cauliflower-like shape cluster of warts
  • itching and discomfort
  • dyspareunia
A

genital warts

46
Q

complications of genital herpes

A
  • meningitis, encephalitis
  • proctitis, urethritis
  • secondary STI
47
Q

complications of genital warts

A

cervical or vulvar cancer

48
Q

screening test for genital herpes

A
  • tzanck smear
  • pcr
  • immunofluorescence
49
Q

screening test for genital warts

A
  • papanicolaou smear
  • DNA test
50
Q

treatment for genital herpes

A

antivirals

51
Q

treatment for genital warts

A
  • imiquimod cream
  • podofilox gel
  • cryotherapy
  • surgery
52
Q

sexually-transmitted bacterial infection characterized by firm, round, painless sores (chancre) on genitals, rectum, or mouth

A

syphilis

53
Q

causative agent of syphilis

A

treponema pallidum

54
Q

mode of transmission of syphilis

A
  • sex
  • vertical transmission
  • blood transfusion
55
Q

incubation period of syphilis

A

10-90 days

56
Q

syphilis SS:

  • chancre
  • hard, painless papule that becomes ulcer with well-delineated border
A

primary syphilis

57
Q

syphilis SS:

  • condylomata lata
  • body rash
  • flu-like symptoms
  • lymphadenopathy
A

secondary syphilis

58
Q

syphilis SS:

  • asymptomatic
A

latent syphilis

59
Q

syphilis SS:

  • granulomatous skin lesions / gummas
  • aortic aneurysm
  • neurosyphilis
A

tertiary / late syphilis

60
Q

syphilis SS:

  • initially asymptomatic
  • runny nose
  • rash
  • condylomata late
  • hepatosplenomegaly
A

early congenital syphilis

61
Q

syphilis SS:

  • 8th nerve deafness with bone and teeth deformities
  • saddle nose
  • saber shins
  • hutchinson’s teeth
  • moon’s molars
A

late congenital syphilis

62
Q

complications of syphilis

A
  • organ damage
  • multi-organ failure
63
Q

diagnostic procedure for syphilis

A
  • dark-field microscopy of exudate
  • serology (VRDL, rapid plasma, fluorescent treopnemal)
64
Q

treatment for syphilis

A

antibiotics (benzathine penicillin G, doxycycline)

65
Q

fungal infection characterized by superficial white patches along oral and vaginal mucosa

A

cadidiasis

66
Q

candidiasis is also called

A

thrush or moniliasis

67
Q

causative agent of candidiasis

A

candida albicans

68
Q

true or false: candidiasis can be cause by prolonged use of antibiotics / corticosteroids

A

true

69
Q

mode of transmission of candidiasis

A
  • contact
  • vertical transmission
70
Q

incubation period of candidiasis

A

oral - 2-5 days
vaginal - 2 days to 1 week

71
Q

SS:

  • white cheese / curd like tongue
  • cracking
  • burning sensation / tenderness
  • pruritus
  • loss of taste
A

oral candidiasis

72
Q

SS:

  • itching and irritation
  • redness and swelling
  • rash
  • white cottage cheese / curd-like discharge from vagina
A

vaginal candidiasis

73
Q

complication of candidiasis

A

sepsis - candidemia

74
Q

diagnosis of candidiasis

A
  • PE
  • swab and culture
  • microscopy with KOH
75
Q

true or false: it is advised to soak bath when you have vaginal candidiasis

A

false

76
Q

treatment for candidiasis

A

antifungals

77
Q

sexually transmitted bacterial infection that cause infection in the genitals, rectum, and throat

A

gonorrhea

78
Q

causative agent of gonorrhea

A

neisseria gonorrhoeae

79
Q

sexually-transmitted bacterial infection that can cause infertility and ectopic pregnancy

A

chlamydia

80
Q

causative agent of chlamydia

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

81
Q

incubation period of gonorrhea

A

2-10 days

82
Q

incubation period of chlamydia

A

7-21 days

83
Q

mode of transmission of gonorrhea and chlamydia

A
  • sex
  • vertical transmission
84
Q

diagnostic procedure for gonorrhea

A
  • modifed thayer-martin culture
  • nucleic acid amplification test
85
Q

diagnostic procedure for chlamydia

A
  • nucleic acid amplification test
86
Q

SS:

  • purulent yellow discharge
  • dysuria
  • swollen testicles
  • abdominal pain
A

gonorrhea

87
Q

primary site of infection of gonorrhea and chlamydia for males

A

urethra

88
Q

primary site of infection of gonorrhea and chlamydia for females

A

cervix

89
Q

SS:

  • white watery discharge with foul small
  • dysuria
  • swollen testicles
A

chlamydia

90
Q

female complications of gonorrhea and chlamydia

A
  • pelvic inflammatory disease
  • infertility
  • ectopic pregnancy
91
Q

male complication of gonorrhea and chlamydia

A
  • epididymitis, proctitis
  • infertility
92
Q

treatment for gonorrhea

A
  • ceftriaxone
  • ciprofloxacin
  • cefixime
  • ofloxacin
93
Q

treatment for chlamydia

A
  • azithromycin
  • doxycycline
  • erythromycin

MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY (18 decks)

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