GENITOURINARY DISEASES Flashcards
1
Q
bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary system, including kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
A
UTI
2
Q
2 types of UTI
A
primary, secondary
3
Q
causative agent of UTI
A
e. coli
4
Q
lower uti - urethritis
A
urethra
5
Q
lower uti - cystitis
A
urinary bladder
6
Q
upper uti - urethritis
A
ureters
7
Q
upper uti - pyelonephritis
A
kidneys
8
Q
which gender is more prone to uti?
A
females - due to shorter urethra
9
Q
uti can be caused by diabetes due to ___
A
glucosuria
10
Q
mode of transmission of uti
A
contact
11
Q
incubation period of uti
A
3-8 days
12
Q
SS:
- urinary frequency
- urinary urgency
- pain
A
UTI
13
Q
burning sensation during peeing
A
dysuria
14
Q
pain in the hypogastric or suprapubic during uti
A
cystitis
15
Q
pain in the flank or groin during uti
A
urethritis and pyelonephritis
16
Q
complications of uti
A
- sepsis
- inflamed repro system
- kidney damage
- acute kidney injury
17
Q
gold standard procedure for screening uti
A
gram staining, culture, and sensitivity (GSCS)
18
Q
uti treatment
A
- antibiotics
- fluid replacement
- analgesics
19
Q
___ is effective for uncomplicated uti
A
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
20
Q
zoonotic bacterial infection transmitted through urine of infected animals
A
leptospirosis
21
Q
leptospirosis is also called ___
A
weil’s disease
22
Q
causative agents of leptospirosis
A
- leptospira interrogans
- leptospira spp.
23
Q
mode of transmission of leptospirosis
A
- conatact
- vehicle (contaminated water/soil)
- vector - rodents, wild animals
24
Q
incubation period of leptospirosis
A
2-30 days
25
leptospirosis usually occurs ___ days after exposure
5-14 days
26
2 phases of leptospirosis
- leptospiremic phase
- immune phase
27
which phase of leptospirosis
- acute febrile illness
- sudden high fever
- severe headache
- conjunctivitis
- myalgia
- abdominal pain
leptospiremic phase
28
which phase of leptospirosis
- antibody production
- mild fever
- mild headache
- confusion
- jaundice
immune phase
29
complications of leptospirosis
- hepatic failure
- renal failure
- meningitis
30
gold standard screening test for leptopirosis
serology - microscopic agglutination test
31
treatment for leptospirosis - mild; effective prophylaxis for exposure
doxycycline
32
treatment for leptospirosis - severe
penicillin G
33
dialysis medication for leptopirosis
azotemia
34
sexually transmitted viral infection characterized by vesicles and papules in the external genitalia
genital herpes
35
genital herpes is also called ___
herpes genitalis
36
causative agent of genital herpes
herpes simplex virus (HSV 1 & 2)
37
sexually-transmitted viral infection characterized by growth or bumps on the genital area
genital warts
38
genital warts are also called ___
condylomata acuminata
39
causative agent of genital warts
human papillomavirus (HPV)
40
incubation period of genital herpes
2-7 days
41
incubation period of genital warts
- 1-8 months
- can also take years after acquiring HPV
42
mode of transmission of genital heperes
- oral secretions
- sex
- vertical transmission (mother to baby)
- asymptomatic shedding
43
mode of transmission of genital warts
- sex
- vertical transmission
- autoinoculation
- fomites
44
SS:
- slightly tender papule that ulcerates over 1 - several weeks
- itching / burning sensation
- dysuria
- fever and body pain
- swollen lymph nodes
genital herpes
45
SS:
- small, hard, benign lesions
- cauliflower-like shape cluster of warts
- itching and discomfort
- dyspareunia
genital warts
46
complications of genital herpes
- meningitis, encephalitis
- proctitis, urethritis
- secondary STI
47
complications of genital warts
cervical or vulvar cancer
48
screening test for genital herpes
- tzanck smear
- pcr
- immunofluorescence
49
screening test for genital warts
- papanicolaou smear
- DNA test
50
treatment for genital herpes
antivirals
51
treatment for genital warts
- imiquimod cream
- podofilox gel
- cryotherapy
- surgery
52
sexually-transmitted bacterial infection characterized by firm, round, painless sores (chancre) on genitals, rectum, or mouth
syphilis
53
causative agent of syphilis
treponema pallidum
54
mode of transmission of syphilis
- sex
- vertical transmission
- blood transfusion
55
incubation period of syphilis
10-90 days
56
syphilis SS:
- chancre
- hard, painless papule that becomes ulcer with well-delineated border
primary syphilis
57
syphilis SS:
- condylomata lata
- body rash
- flu-like symptoms
- lymphadenopathy
secondary syphilis
58
syphilis SS:
- asymptomatic
latent syphilis
59
syphilis SS:
- granulomatous skin lesions / gummas
- aortic aneurysm
- neurosyphilis
tertiary / late syphilis
60
syphilis SS:
- initially asymptomatic
- runny nose
- rash
- condylomata late
- hepatosplenomegaly
early congenital syphilis
61
syphilis SS:
- 8th nerve deafness with bone and teeth deformities
- saddle nose
- saber shins
- hutchinson's teeth
- moon's molars
late congenital syphilis
62
complications of syphilis
- organ damage
- multi-organ failure
63
diagnostic procedure for syphilis
- dark-field microscopy of exudate
- serology (VRDL, rapid plasma, fluorescent treopnemal)
64
treatment for syphilis
antibiotics (benzathine penicillin G, doxycycline)
65
fungal infection characterized by superficial white patches along oral and vaginal mucosa
cadidiasis
66
candidiasis is also called
thrush or moniliasis
67
causative agent of candidiasis
candida albicans
68
true or false: candidiasis can be cause by prolonged use of antibiotics / corticosteroids
true
69
mode of transmission of candidiasis
- contact
- vertical transmission
70
incubation period of candidiasis
oral - 2-5 days
vaginal - 2 days to 1 week
71
SS:
- white cheese / curd like tongue
- cracking
- burning sensation / tenderness
- pruritus
- loss of taste
oral candidiasis
72
SS:
- itching and irritation
- redness and swelling
- rash
- white cottage cheese / curd-like discharge from vagina
vaginal candidiasis
73
complication of candidiasis
sepsis - candidemia
74
diagnosis of candidiasis
- PE
- swab and culture
- microscopy with KOH
75
true or false: it is advised to soak bath when you have vaginal candidiasis
false
76
treatment for candidiasis
antifungals
77
sexually transmitted bacterial infection that cause infection in the genitals, rectum, and throat
gonorrhea
78
causative agent of gonorrhea
neisseria gonorrhoeae
79
sexually-transmitted bacterial infection that can cause infertility and ectopic pregnancy
chlamydia
80
causative agent of chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis
81
incubation period of gonorrhea
2-10 days
82
incubation period of chlamydia
7-21 days
83
mode of transmission of gonorrhea and chlamydia
- sex
- vertical transmission
84
diagnostic procedure for gonorrhea
- modifed thayer-martin culture
- nucleic acid amplification test
85
diagnostic procedure for chlamydia
- nucleic acid amplification test
86
SS:
- purulent yellow discharge
- dysuria
- swollen testicles
- abdominal pain
gonorrhea
87
primary site of infection of gonorrhea and chlamydia for males
urethra
88
primary site of infection of gonorrhea and chlamydia for females
cervix
89
SS:
- white watery discharge with foul small
- dysuria
- swollen testicles
chlamydia
90
female complications of gonorrhea and chlamydia
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- infertility
- ectopic pregnancy
91
male complication of gonorrhea and chlamydia
- epididymitis, proctitis
- infertility
92
treatment for gonorrhea
- ceftriaxone
- ciprofloxacin
- cefixime
- ofloxacin
93
treatment for chlamydia
- azithromycin
- doxycycline
- erythromycin
