Respiratory [Breathing]

Question 1

What innervates the diaphragm?

Answer 1

Phrenic nerve innervated by the phrenic motor nucleus (C3-5).

Question 2

What innervates the abdominal muscles?

Answer 2

Abdominal nerve (rectus abdominus) and abdominal motor nerves (T7-L1)

Question 3

What innervates the internal and external intercostal muscles?

Answer 3

Internal and external intercostal nerves innervated by the intercostal motor neurons (T1-L1)

Question 4

Ppl stands for _____. Ppl is always a _____ _____ relative to the _______, which is called Ppul. This negative ppl helps keep the ____ and adheres the ____ to the ____.

Answer 4

Intrapleural pressure
Negative (-2 to -10)
Relative to intrapulmonary pressure Ppul
Keep the lungs from collapsing and aheres them to the chest wall

Question 5

During inspiration, the pressure ___ becomes more ____. The diaphragm moves ____.

Answer 5

Ppl
More negative
Down, flattens

Question 6

______ is a disease caused by a _____. This causes air to ____ which causes a loss/gain of _______.

Answer 6

Pneumothorax
Thoracic puncture wound
Air rushes into chest
Loss of negative pleural pressure

Question 7

Vt means ____ and is ____L for the adult. Can be measured by a _____

Answer 7

Volume of air moving into lungs at rest, tidal volume.
0.5L
Spirometer

Question 8

Vital capacity is …..

Answer 8

The volume of air from a max expiration to a max inspiration

Question 9

Residual volume can/can’t be measured with a spirometer but assessed through ____ involving ____.

Answer 9

Can’t

Dilution method involving breathing helium has (which is inert)

Question 10

What does total lung capacity consist of?

Answer 10

Vital capacity + residual volume

Question 11

Residual volume equation

Answer 11

TLC - vital capacity

Question 12

5 residual volumes measured

Answer 12

Vt 
f
Ve = Vt x f
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume

Question 13

Can’t measure ___ and ____

Answer 13

Residual volume and total lung capacity

Question 14

Define expiratory / inspiratiry reserve volume

Answer 14

The amount of extra air expired or inspired above tidal volume

Question 15

Functional residual capacity is ___

Answer 15

The volume of air present in the lungs after passive expiration

Question 16

What are the average number of breaths per minute and the L/min at rest? (Ve)

Answer 16

12 breaths per min

6L/min at rest

Question 17

Terms given to breathing too fast and too slow

Answer 17

Hypo and hyper ventilation

Question 18

Va stands for _____ which accounts for the ______ in the airway (around ___mL). The average Va is ____.

Answer 18

Alveolar ventilation
Atomically dead space
150mL
4.2L/min

Question 19

Two equations for Ve

Answer 19

Ve = Vt x f
Ve = Va + Vd

Question 20

Va = ___

Answer 20

Ve - Vd (dead space)

Question 21

What are the values used to measure how hard and fast your breath out at the doctors? What are their normal values?

Answer 21

Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 sec (FEV1) 4.0L
Forced Vital Capacity 5.0L

FEV1/FVC = 80%

Question 22

Equation for calculating total lung capacity V2

Answer 22

V2 = V1 x (C1-C2)
Over
C2