Respiratory [Breathing] Flashcards
What innervates the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve innervated by the phrenic motor nucleus (C3-5).
What innervates the abdominal muscles?
Abdominal nerve (rectus abdominus) and abdominal motor nerves (T7-L1)
What innervates the internal and external intercostal muscles?
Internal and external intercostal nerves innervated by the intercostal motor neurons (T1-L1)
Ppl stands for _____. Ppl is always a _____ _____ relative to the _______, which is called Ppul. This negative ppl helps keep the ____ and adheres the ____ to the ____.
Intrapleural pressure
Negative (-2 to -10)
Relative to intrapulmonary pressure Ppul
Keep the lungs from collapsing and aheres them to the chest wall
During inspiration, the pressure ___ becomes more ____. The diaphragm moves ____.
Ppl
More negative
Down, flattens
______ is a disease caused by a _____. This causes air to ____ which causes a loss/gain of _______.
Pneumothorax
Thoracic puncture wound
Air rushes into chest
Loss of negative pleural pressure
Vt means ____ and is ____L for the adult. Can be measured by a _____
Volume of air moving into lungs at rest, tidal volume.
0.5L
Spirometer
Vital capacity is …..
The volume of air from a max expiration to a max inspiration
Residual volume can/can’t be measured with a spirometer but assessed through ____ involving ____.
Can’t
Dilution method involving breathing helium has (which is inert)
What does total lung capacity consist of?
Vital capacity + residual volume
Residual volume equation
TLC - vital capacity
5 residual volumes measured
Vt f Ve = Vt x f Inspiratory reserve volume Expiratory reserve volume
Can’t measure ___ and ____
Residual volume and total lung capacity
Define expiratory / inspiratiry reserve volume
The amount of extra air expired or inspired above tidal volume
Functional residual capacity is ___
The volume of air present in the lungs after passive expiration
What are the average number of breaths per minute and the L/min at rest? (Ve)
12 breaths per min
6L/min at rest
Terms given to breathing too fast and too slow
Hypo and hyper ventilation
Va stands for _____ which accounts for the ______ in the airway (around ___mL). The average Va is ____.
Alveolar ventilation
Atomically dead space
150mL
4.2L/min
Two equations for Ve
Ve = Vt x f Ve = Va + Vd
Va = ___
Ve - Vd (dead space)
What are the values used to measure how hard and fast your breath out at the doctors? What are their normal values?
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 sec (FEV1) 4.0L
Forced Vital Capacity 5.0L
FEV1/FVC = 80%
Equation for calculating total lung capacity V2
V2 = V1 x (C1-C2)
Over
C2
