Cardiovascular [Heart Cont.]

Question 1

What happens in rheumatic fever? Valves, muscle, blood.

Answer 1

Collagen of valves are attacked. Aortic sterosis (narrowing). Causes stiff valves, so ventricle has to work harder = more muscle = less flexible chamber + can’t get enough O2 rich blood from vessels outside.

Question 2

Name the 5 types of pericardium/spaces from outside to inside and what types of cells make up the pericardium

Answer 2

Outside pericardial sack 
Fiborous pericardium 
Parietal pericardium 
Pericardial space with serous fluid
Visceral pericardium 

Mesothelial, simple squamous

Question 3

Name the 4 layers of the heart wall from outside to inside

Answer 3

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Inside ventricle (blood)

Question 4

Cardiac temponade

Answer 4

Pericardium broken. Cavity around the heart fills with blood + fluid which compressed the heart. This means less blood can enter.

Question 5

Which ring in the fiborous skeleton of the heart is incomplete and what is there? Which ring is absent ?

Answer 5

Tricuspid. Fat. Pulmonary.

Question 6

Order of sending a conduction

Answer 6

SA
Atrial myocardium
AV
AV bundle
Bundle branches
Purkinje

Question 7

Speed and result for SA node to atrial muscle.

Answer 7

Slow

Atrial contraction

Question 8

Atrioventricular node speed and result. Why!

Answer 8

Very slow
100msec delay
Slow to allow atria to contract before ventricle.

Question 9

Ventricular filling: Pressure in the ventricle is below that of the atrium. Fills to ____ capacity. Aortic pressure drops from about ___ to ___. The pressure in the LV changes by __. It lasts for ____ and is the ____ on the ECG wave.

Answer 9

Ventricular filling: Pressure in the ventricle is below that of the atrium. Fills to 80% capacity. Aortic pressure drops from about 100 to 80. The pressure in the LV changes by 0. It lasts for 0.4sec and is the flat on the P wave.

Question 10

Atrial contraction: caused by ____. Pressure of left atrium ____. Aortic pressure ____. Left ventricle volume ___. This is called the _____. Lasts for ____.

Answer 10

Atrial contraction: caused by SA node. Pressure of left atrium increases. Aortic pressure reaches 80. Left ventricle volume reaches 120. This is called the end-diastolic volume. Lasts for 0.1sec.

Question 11

Isovolumetric ventricular contraction: LV pressure exceeds _____. This is called the ______.

Answer 11

Isovolumetric ventricular contraction: LV pressure exceeds 80. This is called the diastolic pressure.

Question 12

Ventricular ejection: LV and aortic pressure _____. _____ is the systolic pressure. The atrium pressure _____. LV volume _____. This is called the _____. Last for _____.

Answer 12

Ventricular ejection: LV and aortic pressure bell curve from 80-120-80. 120 is the systolic pressure. The atrium pressure increases. LV volume 120-60. This is called the end-systolic volume. Last for 0.3sec.

Question 13

Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation: LV pressure _____

Answer 13

Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation: LV pressure drops from 80 to 0.

Question 14

What are the two functions of the fiborous skeleton?

Answer 14

Insulate the ventricular myocardium from the electrical activity of the atria so the atria can contract separately.
Support valves

Question 15

What is regurgitation and when would it likely occur?

Answer 15

Back into the atrium bc valves don’t close properly. May occur as soon as pressure in ventricle exceeds that of the atria.

Question 16

What structure primarily makes up the superior border?

Answer 16

Left atrium

Question 17

What structure primarily makes up the right border?

Answer 17

Right atrium

Question 18

What structure primarily makes up the left border?

Answer 18

Left ventricle

Question 19

Why is there a bell curve in ventricular ejection?

Answer 19

Artery and ventricle P bell curve bc blood is ejected into the aorta faster than it can run off into arteries but later this reversed bc ventricles get weak.

Question 19

How long do the iso stages last?

Answer 19

0.05sec