Reproductive [Intro] Flashcards
Androgens - what do they secrete? Function?
Testosterone from testes.
Male sex development, spermatogenesis, sexual behaviour, muscle development.
Oestrogens - 3 types
Oestradiol, oestrone, oestriol
Oestrogens main site of production
Granulosa cells of growing follicles
Oestrogens - main role
Female sex development, growth of endometrium, menstrual cycle, bone growth
Progesterone is the major steriodal hormone of the ____ and the _____. Associated with …..
Corpus luteum and placenta.
Preparations for pregnancy and it’s maintenance.
Androgens insensitivity syndrome
XY. Has testes but female genitalia. Mutation in androgen receptor gene.
Mesoderm —> Bipotential Gonad —> ________ —> _______ —> _______ —> Müllerian duct regression.
Testis, Sertoli cells, anti-mullerian hormone
Mesoderm —> Bipotential Gonad —> _____ —> _____ —> _____ —> ____ —> Male genetils
Testis, leydig cells, testosterone, wolffian duct development
Mesoderm —> Bipotential Gonad —> ____ —> ____ —> ____and____ —> Female
Ovary, oestrogens + progestagens, Müllerian duct development and wolffian duct regression
What do the wolffian ducts develop into?
Epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles.
Müllerian ducts develop into …
Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, upper vagina.
Male differentiation: Fusion of the ___ enclosing the ___ form the ____. _________ ______ fuse in the midline forming the ___. The _____ expands, forming the _____.
Male differentiation: Fusion of the urethral folds enclosing the urethral tube forming the shaft of the penis. Labioscrotal swellings fuse in the midline forming the scrotum. The genetil tubercle expands, forming the glans penis.
Female differentiation: The _____ and _____ remain separate, thus forming the ____ and ____. The _____ forms the clitoris.
Female differentiation: The urethral folds and labioscrotal swellings remain separate, thus forming the labia minora and majora. The Genetil tubercle forms the clitoris.
What are the endocrine changes during puberty?
Increase in plasma LH and GnRH. Occurs during sleep. In late puberty, LH pulses increase.
Order of the 4 female puberty developments
- Breast
- Pubic hair
- Height
- Menarche
Order of the 4 male puberty developments
- Testis
- Public hair
- Penis
- Height
Precocious puberty ages and cause
7 boys
9 girls
GnRH usually due to tumor.
Delayed puberty ages and cause
13 girls
14 boys
Gonadotrophin signals from pituitary are inadequate for sex steroid hormone secretion.
Menopause cause and 5 stages
Ovaries running out of follicles.
Pre, Peri, menopausal transition, post, ovarian senescence.
LH role in female and male
Female: Triggers ovulation in the ovaries (synthesis and release of hormones).
Male: Promotes synthesis of testosterone.
What is the tanner stage?
Development of secondary sexual characteristics
In menopause, Oestrogen production decreases by ____% and ____ is produced instead. Oestrogen arises mainly from _______.
10
Oestrone
Stromal cells in adipose tissue
Name the two symptoms for vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms for Oestrogen deprivation during perimenopause
Hot flushes
Night sweats
Atrophic change
Vaginal dryness
Name the symptoms for bone metabolism and behavioral changes in women during perimenopause
Osteoporosis
Depression etc
Loss of libido
FSH role in the female and male
Stimulated production of gametes
What do FSH and LH bind to?
Gonads
