Reproductive [Intro]

Question 1

Androgens - what do they secrete? Function?

Answer 1

Testosterone from testes.

Male sex development, spermatogenesis, sexual behaviour, muscle development.

Question 2

Oestrogens - 3 types

Answer 2

Oestradiol, oestrone, oestriol

Question 3

Oestrogens main site of production

Answer 3

Granulosa cells of growing follicles

Question 4

Oestrogens - main role

Answer 4

Female sex development, growth of endometrium, menstrual cycle, bone growth

Question 5

Progesterone is the major steriodal hormone of the ____ and the _____. Associated with …..

Answer 5

Corpus luteum and placenta.

Preparations for pregnancy and it’s maintenance.

Question 6

Androgens insensitivity syndrome

Answer 6

XY. Has testes but female genitalia. Mutation in androgen receptor gene.

Question 7

Mesoderm —> Bipotential Gonad —> ________ —> _______ —> _______ —> Müllerian duct regression.

Answer 7

Testis, Sertoli cells, anti-mullerian hormone

Question 8

Mesoderm —> Bipotential Gonad —> _____ —> _____ —> _____ —> ____ —> Male genetils

Answer 8

Testis, leydig cells, testosterone, wolffian duct development

Question 9

Mesoderm —> Bipotential Gonad —> ____ —> ____ —> ____and____ —> Female

Answer 9

Ovary, oestrogens + progestagens, Müllerian duct development and wolffian duct regression

Question 10

What do the wolffian ducts develop into?

Answer 10

Epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles.

Question 11

Müllerian ducts develop into …

Answer 11

Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, upper vagina.

Question 12

Male differentiation: Fusion of the ___ enclosing the ___ form the ____. _________ ______ fuse in the midline forming the ___. The _____ expands, forming the _____.

Answer 12

Male differentiation: Fusion of the urethral folds enclosing the urethral tube forming the shaft of the penis. Labioscrotal swellings fuse in the midline forming the scrotum. The genetil tubercle expands, forming the glans penis.

Question 13

Female differentiation: The _____ and _____ remain separate, thus forming the ____ and ____. The _____ forms the clitoris.

Answer 13

Female differentiation: The urethral folds and labioscrotal swellings remain separate, thus forming the labia minora and majora. The Genetil tubercle forms the clitoris.

Question 14

What are the endocrine changes during puberty?

Answer 14

Increase in plasma LH and GnRH. Occurs during sleep. In late puberty, LH pulses increase.

Question 15

Order of the 4 female puberty developments

Answer 15

1. Breast
2. Pubic hair
3. Height
4. Menarche

Question 16

Order of the 4 male puberty developments

Answer 16

1. Testis
2. Public hair
3. Penis
4. Height

Question 17

Precocious puberty ages and cause

Answer 17

7 boys
9 girls
GnRH usually due to tumor.

Question 18

Delayed puberty ages and cause

Answer 18

13 girls
14 boys
Gonadotrophin signals from pituitary are inadequate for sex steroid hormone secretion.

Question 19

Menopause cause and 5 stages

Answer 19

Ovaries running out of follicles.

Pre, Peri, menopausal transition, post, ovarian senescence.

Question 20

LH role in female and male

Answer 20

Female: Triggers ovulation in the ovaries (synthesis and release of hormones).
Male: Promotes synthesis of testosterone.

Question 21

What is the tanner stage?

Answer 21

Development of secondary sexual characteristics

Question 22

In menopause, Oestrogen production decreases by ____% and ____ is produced instead. Oestrogen arises mainly from _______.

Answer 22

10
Oestrone
Stromal cells in adipose tissue

Question 23

Name the two symptoms for vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms for Oestrogen deprivation during perimenopause

Answer 23

Hot flushes
Night sweats

Atrophic change
Vaginal dryness

Question 24

Name the symptoms for bone metabolism and behavioral changes in women during perimenopause

Answer 24

Osteoporosis

Depression etc
Loss of libido

Question 25

FSH role in the female and male

Answer 25

Stimulated production of gametes

Question 26

What do FSH and LH bind to?

Answer 26

Gonads