Autonomic [1]

Question 1

Alarm response 
Heart: 
Mouth: 
Lungs:
Skin: 
Blood sugar, pressure, water retention:

Answer 1

Alarm response
Heart: increase rate and F
Mouth: decreased salivation
Lungs: Bronchi dilate, breathing increase
Skin: arrector Pili muscles + sweat glands
Blood sugar, pressure, water retention: increase

Question 2

Control of output autonomic vs somatic

Answer 2

Autonomic: involuntary from limbus system, hypothalamus, brain and spine.
Somatic: voluntary from cerebral cortex

Question 3

Motor neuron pathway for autonomic vs somatic

Answer 3

Autonomic: two neuron pathway
Somatic: one neuron pathway

Question 4

Neurotransmitters for somatic

Answer 4

ACh

Question 5

Neurotransmitters for autonomic

Answer 5

ACh: pre axons, post parasym and post sym to sweat glands
NE: post sym other than sweat glands

Question 6

Raynard disease

Answer 6

Excessive sympathetic stimulation following stress/cold. Chronic vasoconstriction. White fingers and toes.

Question 7

Where does the synapse between pre and postganglionic occur in the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 7

Autonomic ganglion

Question 8

4 functions of the hypothalamus

Answer 8

Controls organs via autonomic nervous system.
Regulates behavioral patterns, circadian rhythms and sleep/wake.
Regulates eating and drinking

Question 9

Three types of hormones and named based on what?

Answer 9

Circulatory and local (paracrine and autocrine)
Named based on where they release neurotransmitters onto target cells.
Circulatory -blood
Paracrine - other cell
Autocrine - urself

Question 10

5 stages of control of hormone release (pathway)

Answer 10

Synthesis, storage, release of hormone.
Blood
Response
Hormone disposal
Feedback signal (usually -ve)
...

Question 11

4 Steps for the mechanism of lipid solvable hormones

Answer 11

1. DIFFUSES into cell
2. Activated receptor hormone complex alters GENE expression
3. New mRNA directs synthesis of specific proteins on RIBOSOMES.
4. New protein alters CELL activity

Question 12

Path of water-soluable hormones

Answer 12

1. Binding activates G protein, adenyl Cyclase
2. ATP —> cAMP
3. cANP —> kinases
4. Kinases —> other enzymes
5. Enzymes catalyse reactions —> response
6. Phosphodiesterase breaks cAMP

Question 13

Multiple schlerosis cause, symptoms

Answer 13

Demyelination
Numbness + weakness
Tremor, lack of coordination, unbalanced

Question 14

Effectors for

1. Somatic
2. Autonomic

Answer 14

1. Skeletal muscle

2. Internal stuff like glands, smooth muscle