Digestive [2]

Question 1

3 functions of oesophagus

Answer 1

Transport (longer for food due to peristalsis)
Protection
No absorption or digestion, little secretion

Question 2

The oesophagus has 4 layers of the gut tube like normal except the epithelium of the mucous membrane has ______ tissue which is replaced every —- days. The external muscle contains ____ and _____. The serosa is present/absent because ___. Instead it’s covered in ____

Answer 2

Stratified squamous
7
Skeletal muscle higher up and smooth muscle
Absent
The oesophagus does not lie in a body cavity
Fiborous adventitia which attaches it to other organs

Question 3

Primary function of stomach is ____. The 4 regions are _____. It also has a ___ at the outlet and is lined with longitudinal folds called _____ when empty.

Answer 3

Storage
Cardia, fundus, Body, pyloric
Pyloric phincter
Rugae

Question 4

Four layers of the gut tube in the stomach except the epithelium of the mucosa forms many ____ lined with ___ and ____ which open into the pits. The external muscle has an additional ——- layer.

Answer 4

Pits
Mucus-secreting cells
Gastric glands
Innermost oblique layer

Question 5

The stomach secretes __ ___ and __. It digests proteins by using ___ and absorbs __ ___ and ___. It has protection against ___

Answer 5

Acid
Enzymes
Mucus
Pepsin
Water
Ions
Drugs
It’s own stuff

Question 6

The ___ and ___ of the stomach secrete acid enzymes and mucus

Answer 6

Fundus

Body

Question 7

The ___ and ___ have mainly mucus glands

Answer 7

Cardia

Pylorus

Question 8

Name the 3 parts of the mucosa of the stomach

Answer 8

Gastric pits
Neck
Gastric glands

Question 9

Surface mucous cells secrete _____ which protects the mucosa from _____

Answer 9

Insoluble alkaline mucous

Acid and pepsin

Question 10

Parietal cells secrete ____. Their 2 functions are _____ and ____. It also secretes _____ which is responsible for the absorption of the nutrient _____. Lack of this nutrient causes ____.

Answer 10

HCl
Sterilization of food
Acidify environment (indirectly digestion)
Intrinsic factor 
B12 
Anaemia

Question 11

Chief cells secrete ____ and ____. ____ is converted to pepsin by ______ in the ____ of the gland.

Answer 11

Pepsinogen
Gastric lipase
Pepsinogen
Acid in the lumen of the gland

Question 12

Enteroendocrine cells release ____ which enters the bloodstream and has 3 functions:

Answer 12

Gastrin

Stimulates secretion of acid and pepsinogen.
Increases contractions
Relaxes sphincter

Question 13

Enteroendocrine cells are stimulated by

Answer 13

Stretch of stomach and increase in pH

Question 14

The liver is derived from ___

Answer 14

Endoderm

Question 15

Liver cells:
Store and release\_\_\_\_\_
Recycle \_\_\_
Secrete \_\_\_
Make \_\_\_\_ proteins
Remove \_\_\_ from blood

Answer 15

Glycogen / glucose
RBC
Bile
Plasma
Toxins

Question 16

Each hepatocyte requires ……

Answer 16

Access to Nutrient blood drained from intestinal wall
O2 blood systemically
Ducts which drain bile to gall bladder

Question 17

What are the fences of liver cells ? Function?

Answer 17

Fenestrated endothelium

Filter everything except large proteins

Question 18

Hepatocytes have a lymph space between the ___ and ___. Within the hepatocyte, there are ___ junctions and bile ______. The hepatocytes + luminal spaces are surrounded by layers of ____.

Answer 18

Sinusoid
Hepatocyte 
Tight
Canaliculi 
Fenestrated endothelium

Question 19

The shape of liver lobules is ____. A portal triad contains ____ ___ and ____. There are also intercellular __ ____. There are also _____ which come off the bile duct. The artery and vein lead in towards the centre of the lobules to exit through the _____ but the ____ goes in the opposite way

Answer 19

Hexagonal
Bile duct, hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery
Bile Canaliculi 
Bile ductiles
Central vein
Bile duct