Digestive [2] Flashcards
3 functions of oesophagus
Transport (longer for food due to peristalsis)
Protection
No absorption or digestion, little secretion
The oesophagus has 4 layers of the gut tube like normal except the epithelium of the mucous membrane has ______ tissue which is replaced every —- days. The external muscle contains ____ and _____. The serosa is present/absent because ___. Instead it’s covered in ____
Stratified squamous
7
Skeletal muscle higher up and smooth muscle
Absent
The oesophagus does not lie in a body cavity
Fiborous adventitia which attaches it to other organs
Primary function of stomach is ____. The 4 regions are _____. It also has a ___ at the outlet and is lined with longitudinal folds called _____ when empty.
Storage
Cardia, fundus, Body, pyloric
Pyloric phincter
Rugae
Four layers of the gut tube in the stomach except the epithelium of the mucosa forms many ____ lined with ___ and ____ which open into the pits. The external muscle has an additional ——- layer.
Pits
Mucus-secreting cells
Gastric glands
Innermost oblique layer
The stomach secretes __ ___ and __. It digests proteins by using ___ and absorbs __ ___ and ___. It has protection against ___
Acid Enzymes Mucus Pepsin Water Ions Drugs It’s own stuff
The ___ and ___ of the stomach secrete acid enzymes and mucus
Fundus
Body
The ___ and ___ have mainly mucus glands
Cardia
Pylorus
Name the 3 parts of the mucosa of the stomach
Gastric pits
Neck
Gastric glands
Surface mucous cells secrete _____ which protects the mucosa from _____
Insoluble alkaline mucous
Acid and pepsin
Parietal cells secrete ____. Their 2 functions are _____ and ____. It also secretes _____ which is responsible for the absorption of the nutrient _____. Lack of this nutrient causes ____.
HCl Sterilization of food Acidify environment (indirectly digestion) Intrinsic factor B12 Anaemia
Chief cells secrete ____ and ____. ____ is converted to pepsin by ______ in the ____ of the gland.
Pepsinogen
Gastric lipase
Pepsinogen
Acid in the lumen of the gland
Enteroendocrine cells release ____ which enters the bloodstream and has 3 functions:
Gastrin
Stimulates secretion of acid and pepsinogen.
Increases contractions
Relaxes sphincter
Enteroendocrine cells are stimulated by
Stretch of stomach and increase in pH
The liver is derived from ___
Endoderm
Liver cells: Store and release\_\_\_\_\_ Recycle \_\_\_ Secrete \_\_\_ Make \_\_\_\_ proteins Remove \_\_\_ from blood
Glycogen / glucose RBC Bile Plasma Toxins
Each hepatocyte requires ……
Access to Nutrient blood drained from intestinal wall
O2 blood systemically
Ducts which drain bile to gall bladder
What are the fences of liver cells ? Function?
Fenestrated endothelium
Filter everything except large proteins
Hepatocytes have a lymph space between the ___ and ___. Within the hepatocyte, there are ___ junctions and bile ______. The hepatocytes + luminal spaces are surrounded by layers of ____.
Sinusoid Hepatocyte Tight Canaliculi Fenestrated endothelium
The shape of liver lobules is ____. A portal triad contains ____ ___ and ____. There are also intercellular __ ____. There are also _____ which come off the bile duct. The artery and vein lead in towards the centre of the lobules to exit through the _____ but the ____ goes in the opposite way
Hexagonal Bile duct, hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery Bile Canaliculi Bile ductiles Central vein Bile duct
