Musculoskeletal [Bone] Flashcards
Osteo cells
Genic
Blast - formation
Cyte - maintain
Clast
Where are osteogenic cells found?
Surface in periosteum and endosperm. Central canals of compact bone
Osteoblast location and function
Layer under peri or endosteum.
Synthesis, deposition and calcification of osteoid.
Osteoid is the ECM of bone. It is 70% _____ with the remainder of ____, ___ and ____. It’s eventually infiltrated with bone salts (____) called calcification. ___ cannot diffuse freely through it.
Collagen
Proteoglycans, proteins, water
Hydroxyapatite
Nutritive fluids
Osteocytes are found ______. They can communicate through _____.
Trapped within lacunae inside bone
Long cellular processes inside Canaliculi
Osteocytes function, detail
Bone tissue maintenance
Live lattice inside bone
Localized minor repair
Rapid Ca exchange
Osteoclasts are created from what?
Fusion of monocyte progenitor cells
Osteoclasts function detail
Secretes acid to dissolve minerals
Secretes enzymes to dissolve organic
What is found inside the periosteum?
Blood vessels + nerves
Osteogenic cells
What is found inside the mineralized bone?
Osteocytes in their lacunae
Canaliculi between osteocytes
What is found in the endosteum?
What is found in the medullary cavity?
Osteogenic cells
Blood vessels and bone marrow
In apositional growth, ____ cells divide to form _____ which lay down _____. Some osteoblasts become _____ in _____, becoming osteocytes. When growth stops, osteoblasts can ____ or _____. Osteoid is fully _____.
Osteogenic Osteoblasts Osteoid Trapped Lacunae Convert back to osteogenic or die Calcified
In bone resorption, monocyte precursor cells leave the _____ and start to fuse on the surface. Osteoclasts start dissolving. Osteoclasts eventually ___ and ____ grow into the space.
BV
Die
Blood vessels
Why can’t bone undergo interstitial growth? What does it undergo instead?
Tissue bone is too rigid.
It can’t deform so cells can rebuild from the inside. Bone can only undergo appositional growth where bone is added to existing surfaces
What is endochondral classification?
The way long bones grow.
Hyaline cartilage between epi and meta can be replaced bone until the space closes as u get older.
Another name for mature bone is ____ bone. The types are __ and ____ bone. Osteoblasts put bone onto surface in layers called ____. ____ are arranges out of phase for strength.
Lamellae Compact Spongy Lamellae Collagen Fibres
Spongy bone is also known as ____ or ____ bone.
Cancellous
Trabecular
Names of horizontal blood vessels in compact bone are called ___
Perforating or Volkmann’s canal
Compact bone is also called ___ bone
Cortical
____ growth forms a primary osteon. Cells called _____ in the ____ ____osteum our Down Jew bone around the ____. Once it becomes a tunnel, it is called ____osteum. The bone grows outwards/inwards.
Appositional Osteoblasts Active Periosteum Blood vessels Endosteum Inwards
1: Secondary osteon formation: in primary osteons, the tunnel is created on the ____ but in secondary, it is created ____. Cell called _____ then form the new ___ ____ and secrete _____ which is calcified forming lamellae. A blood vessel grows into the tunnel.
Surface of a bone as it grows By osteoclasts creating a tunnel through existing bone Osteoblasts Active endosteum Osteoid
2: Secondary osteon formation: the closing cone is where _____. The remaining osteoblasts after bone formation _____. The cement line contains ___ and is between ____.
Osteoblasts build new concentric lamellae onto the walls of the tunnel.
Become osteogenic and contribute to resting endosteum or die.
Proteoglycans
New and old bone
Spongy bone summary 🦴
Unit:
Unit formation:
Location:
Spongy bone summary 🦴
Unit: trabecula
Unit formation: grows outwards
Location: inside bones / epiphysis
Spongy bone summary 🦴
Blood supply:
Function:
Blood supply: blood vessels in medullary cavity
Function: support outer cortex of compact bone where forces come from everywhere. Reduces weight of bone. Rapid turnover of Ca and P
Compact bone summary 🦴
Unit:
Unit formation:
Location:
Compact bone summary 🦴
Unit: osteon
Unit formation: grows inwards
Location: outer shell or diaphysis of bones
Cortical bone summary 🦴
Blood supply:
Function:
Cortical bone summary 🦴
Blood supply: blood vessels in Haversian and volkmann’s canals
Function: provide strong sense shell on outside thickening areas exposed to large F
CT matrix is __% mineral salts
60-65%
