Musculoskeletal [Bone]

Question 1

Osteo cells

Answer 1

Genic
Blast - formation
Cyte - maintain
Clast

Question 2

Where are osteogenic cells found?

Answer 2

Surface in periosteum and endosperm. Central canals of compact bone

Question 3

Osteoblast location and function

Answer 3

Layer under peri or endosteum.

Synthesis, deposition and calcification of osteoid.

Question 4

Osteoid is the ECM of bone. It is 70% _____ with the remainder of ____, ___ and ____. It’s eventually infiltrated with bone salts (____) called calcification. ___ cannot diffuse freely through it.

Answer 4

Collagen
Proteoglycans, proteins, water
Hydroxyapatite
Nutritive fluids

Question 5

Osteocytes are found ______. They can communicate through _____.

Answer 5

Trapped within lacunae inside bone

Long cellular processes inside Canaliculi

Question 6

Osteocytes function, detail

Answer 6

Bone tissue maintenance
Live lattice inside bone
Localized minor repair
Rapid Ca exchange

Question 7

Osteoclasts are created from what?

Answer 7

Fusion of monocyte progenitor cells

Question 8

Osteoclasts function detail

Answer 8

Secretes acid to dissolve minerals

Secretes enzymes to dissolve organic

Question 9

What is found inside the periosteum?

Answer 9

Blood vessels + nerves

Osteogenic cells

Question 10

What is found inside the mineralized bone?

Answer 10

Osteocytes in their lacunae

Canaliculi between osteocytes

Question 11

What is found in the endosteum?

What is found in the medullary cavity?

Answer 11

Osteogenic cells

Blood vessels and bone marrow

Question 12

In apositional growth, ____ cells divide to form _____ which lay down _____. Some osteoblasts become _____ in _____, becoming osteocytes. When growth stops, osteoblasts can ____ or _____. Osteoid is fully _____.

Answer 12

Osteogenic 
Osteoblasts
Osteoid 
Trapped
Lacunae
Convert back to osteogenic or die
Calcified

Question 13

In bone resorption, monocyte precursor cells leave the _____ and start to fuse on the surface. Osteoclasts start dissolving. Osteoclasts eventually ___ and ____ grow into the space.

Answer 13

BV
Die
Blood vessels

Question 14

Why can’t bone undergo interstitial growth? What does it undergo instead?

Answer 14

Tissue bone is too rigid.
It can’t deform so cells can rebuild from the inside. Bone can only undergo appositional growth where bone is added to existing surfaces

Question 15

What is endochondral classification?

Answer 15

The way long bones grow.

Hyaline cartilage between epi and meta can be replaced bone until the space closes as u get older.

Question 16

Another name for mature bone is ____ bone. The types are __ and ____ bone. Osteoblasts put bone onto surface in layers called ____. ____ are arranges out of phase for strength.

Answer 16

Lamellae
Compact
Spongy 
Lamellae
Collagen Fibres

Question 17

Spongy bone is also known as ____ or ____ bone.

Answer 17

Cancellous

Trabecular

Question 18

Names of horizontal blood vessels in compact bone are called ___

Answer 18

Perforating or Volkmann’s canal

Question 19

Compact bone is also called ___ bone

Answer 19

Cortical

Question 20

____ growth forms a primary osteon. Cells called _____ in the ____ ____osteum our Down Jew bone around the ____. Once it becomes a tunnel, it is called ____osteum. The bone grows outwards/inwards.

Answer 20

Appositional 
Osteoblasts 
Active
Periosteum
Blood vessels 
Endosteum
Inwards

Question 21

1: Secondary osteon formation: in primary osteons, the tunnel is created on the ____ but in secondary, it is created ____. Cell called _____ then form the new ___ ____ and secrete _____ which is calcified forming lamellae. A blood vessel grows into the tunnel.

Answer 21

Surface of a bone as it grows
By osteoclasts creating a tunnel through existing bone
Osteoblasts
Active endosteum
Osteoid

Question 22

2: Secondary osteon formation: the closing cone is where _____. The remaining osteoblasts after bone formation _____. The cement line contains ___ and is between ____.

Answer 22

Osteoblasts build new concentric lamellae onto the walls of the tunnel.
Become osteogenic and contribute to resting endosteum or die.
Proteoglycans
New and old bone

Question 23

Spongy bone summary 🦴
Unit:
Unit formation:
Location:

Answer 23

Spongy bone summary 🦴
Unit: trabecula
Unit formation: grows outwards
Location: inside bones / epiphysis

Question 24

Spongy bone summary 🦴
Blood supply:
Function:

Answer 24

Blood supply: blood vessels in medullary cavity
Function: support outer cortex of compact bone where forces come from everywhere. Reduces weight of bone. Rapid turnover of Ca and P

Question 25

Compact bone summary 🦴
Unit:
Unit formation:
Location:

Answer 25

Compact bone summary 🦴
Unit: osteon
Unit formation: grows inwards
Location: outer shell or diaphysis of bones

Question 26

Cortical bone summary 🦴
Blood supply:
Function:

Answer 26

Cortical bone summary 🦴
Blood supply: blood vessels in Haversian and volkmann’s canals
Function: provide strong sense shell on outside thickening areas exposed to large F

Question 27

CT matrix is __% mineral salts

Answer 27

60-65%