Renal [Urine]

Question 1

Equation for glomerular filtration

Answer 1

NFP = GBHP - CHP - BCOP

Question 2

GBHP

Answer 2

Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure

Pressure between afferent and efferent arterioles. Drives filtrate into capsular space.

Question 3

CHP

Answer 3

Capsular hydrostatic pressure

Pressure exerted on plasma filtrate by elastic recoil of glomerular capsule

Question 4

BCOP

Answer 4

Osmotic force of proteins left in the plasma which pull on the water in the plasma filtrate

Question 5

What 2 things do the mechanisms controlling glomerular filtration aim to do?

Answer 5

Regulate GBHP or surface area available for filtration

Question 6

Anything that constricts the afferent arteriole will ____ whereas anything that constricts the efferent arteriole will ___

Answer 6

Reduce flow to glomerulus therefore GBHP.

Increase GBHP.

Question 7

Auto regulation of glomerular filtration involves ____ or _____

Answer 7

Muscle

Tubuloglomerular feedback

Question 8

Tubuloglomerular feedback of glomerular filtration

An increase in GFR causes an increase in ____ which causes an increase in _____. The __ cells then decrease ____ release which causes _____.

Answer 8

Tubular flow rate in the ascending limb.
Tubular ion and h2o sensed by macula densa cells.
Juxtaglomerula apparatus 
NO
Afferent arteriole vasoconstriction

Question 9

3 ways glomerular filtration is regulated

Answer 9

Auto regulation
Neural
Hormonal: A2 + ANP

Question 10

Hormonal ways of regulating glomerular filtration

Answer 10

A2: vasoconstriction
ANP: relaxation of mesangial cells, increase SA

Question 11

The proximal tubule has a ____ on the apical membrane. The largest amount of ______ occurs here: name the % of each.

Answer 11

Brush border
Solute and water reabsorption

60% glomerular filtrate
60% NaCl + H2O
All glucose

Question 12

Na+ movement in the proximal tubule occurs via symporters _____ and antiporters _____. The osmolarity is similar to ____.

Answer 12

Na+/Glucose
Na+/H+
Plasma

Question 13

Descending loop of henle - what happens?

Answer 13

H2O out ONLY

Becomes super concentrated near medulla

Question 14

Ascending look of henle - what happen?

What is the link to the loop of henle here?

Answer 14

Ions out, H2O same
Becomes more dilute

The ions absorbed here provide the gradient for water to come out from the descending limb. Further supported by countercurrent mechanism in vasa recta.

Question 15

Distal tubule and collecting duct - what happens?

Answer 15

Most has been absorbed but some NaCl is absorbed. Also impermeable to water UNLESS ADH PRESENT.

K+ secreted

Question 16

Name the modes of transport for the proximal tubule

Answer 16

Glucose symporter

ATPase

Question 17

Name the modes of transport in the ascending loop of henle

Answer 17

Na/Cl/K sym porter
ATPase
ClLeak channels
Actions through paracellular

Question 18

Name the modes of transport in the distal tube and collecting duct

Answer 18

ATPase

K+ leak Channels