Musculoskeletal [Joints] Flashcards
Name for joint:
Functions:
Arthrosis
Movement, force transmission, growth
Immovable joint location and name
Axial skeleton
Synarthrosis
Slightly moveable joint name and location
Amphiarthrosis
Axial skeleton
Freely moveable joint name and location
Diarthrosis
Appendicular skeleton
Unlike other joints, Synovial joints are not restricted by ____. The ends of articulating bones are ____. They are a type of ____ joint.
The properties of a specific tissue.
Mostly free
Diarthrosis
Name the 4 bits of a synovial joint
Articular cartilage Articular capsule - fibrous layer - synovial membrane Joint cavity containing: Synovial fluid
Articular cartilage is a specialized type of ______. Primary function is to ____. ____ thick. Degradation leads to _____.
Hyaline
Protect ends of bones in joint
1-7mm
Arthritis
Articular cartilage is _% ____ and __% ____.
5% cells
95% ECM
Cells in articular cartilage are called ____. They ______, live in ____ and can occur ___ or ____ depending on __.
Chondrocytes Build, repair, maintain cartilage. Lacunae Zone Themselves or large groups called nests
The ECM is made of _____ ____ and _____. % of each =
Water (75% WW)
GAG + proteoglycans (25% DW)
Collagen type 2 (75% DW)
GAGS name 3
Hyaluronic acid
Chondroitan sulphate
Keratin sulphate
Name a PG
Aggrecan
Function of GAGS and PG
Swelling and hydrating
Solid component
Function of collagen
Structural integrity
Zonation patterns
Solid component
The 3 layers of the top layer of cartilage is the ______. The PG content _____. The collagen _____. The cells _____.
Surface/middle/deep zone.
Low PG in surface then increasing.
Collagen horizontal, thin in surface area then cross cross then vertical.
Cells flat, then full, then nests.
Name the 2 separation bits in cartilage and what they contain
Tide mark and osteochondral junction.
Tide mark is calcifies, low PG.
Osteo is cement line
What are the structures of: GAGS: Proteoglycans: Proteoglycan complex: Function of proteoglycan complexes:
GAGS: Repeating negative dissachiride units.
Proteoglycans: toothbrush (Protein core w GAGs attached)
Proteoglycan complex: Hyaluronic acid (GAG) with proteoglycans attached
Function: attach to collagen
First 3 stages before loading of cartilage
When unloaded, there are ____ in the matrix. Ions then come in because _____. This draws ___ in, causing the cartilage to ____.
Proteoglycan complexes
-ve charges attract positive from joint space.
H2O
Swell
Last 3 stages - cartilage swelling and loading
Collagen stretches until_____. This is called _____. When a load is introduced, _____ go out. The loss of this reduces the volume (____) and eventually the ____ = _____ so the cartilage will stop _____ and will be in an _____.
Swelling force = tension Unloaded equilibrium Ions and water Creep Compressive load = solid component + repulsion from negatives Shrinking Loaded equilibrium
Name all parts of the articular capsule from left to right
Intima of synovial membrane
Subintima of synovial membrane
Fiborous layer
Fiborous layer of articular capsule is made of ____. Collagen that is continuous with ___ of bone. Thicker sections are called ______. It is poorly ___ but richly ____ which is why it hurts to damage it.
Dense CT Periosteum Capsular ligaments Vascularised Innervated
Synovial membrane is made of _____. It lines ____. The synovial intima is usually ____ thick called ______ and secrete some of the components found in _____. Subintima is/isn’t vascular and has _____ ____ and ____.
Loose CT All non-articular surfaces inside joint cavity 1-3 cells Synoviocytes Synovial fluid Is Macrophages Fat cells Fibroblasts
Synovial fluid contains ___ acid and free cells. Function is ___, ____, ____, and ____
Hyaluronic Joint lubrication Shock absorption Chondrocyte metabolism Joint maintenance
