Reproductive [Female]

Question 1

Vagina 3 main functions

Answer 1

Elimination of menstrual fluids.
Receives penis.
Holds sperm before they go to uterus.

Question 2

Uterus functions

Answer 2

Pathway for sperm transport.
Protection, nutrition, waste removal for fetus.
Contractions in myometrium for birth.

Question 3

Uterus endometrium - 2 layers and what they contain

Answer 3

Stratum functionalis that contains most uterine glands.

Stratum basalis: attaches to myometrium.

Question 4

Where does fertilisation occur?

Answer 4

Ampulla of the uterine tube.

Question 5

Uterine tube function

Answer 5

Rich, nutritive environment with lipids and glycogen for sperm, oocyte and embryo.

Question 6

What is the uterine tube lined with?

Answer 6

Ciliated and nonciliated secretory columnar cells. Mucous surrounded by smooth muscle.

Question 7

Ovaries 3 regions and what contains

Answer 7

Outer ovarian cortex: ovarian follicles.
Central ovarian medulla: ovarian stroma and steroid producing cells.
Inner hilus: entry of nerves and vessels.

Question 8

What is the top of the oval that is a part of the uterus?

Answer 8

Fundus

Question 9

Primordial follicle:

Answer 9

Primordial follicle: single layer of flat follicular cells

Question 10

Primary follicle:

Answer 10

Primary follicle: one layer of granulosa. Vessels, theca, zona pellucida

Question 11

Secondary follicle: What does it have? The ______ develops to become the _______ ______and the surrounding _____ , the _____.

Answer 11

Secondary follicle: corona radiata, antrum and cumulus oophorus. The theca develops to become the inner glandular, highly vascular theca interna and the surrounding fiborous capsule, the theca externa.

Question 12

Mature (Graafian) follicle: As the follicular antrum grows, the oocyte becomes _____. It is connected to the rim of ________ by a _____.

Answer 12

Mature (Graafian) follicle: As the follicular antrum grows, the oocyte becomes suspended in fluid. It is connected to the rim of peripheral granulosa cells by a thin stalk of cells.

Question 13

What is the name for the ruptured follicle before the secondary oocyte is discharged?

Answer 13

Corpus hemorrhagicum.

Question 14

How is the corpus luteum formed? What is secreted at the same time?

Answer 14

Antrum breaks down, BM between gran. and thecal cells breaks down and blood vessels invade. Gran. cells form lutenin (yellow cells) = lutenisation. Progestagens secreted.

Question 15

What is the corpus albicans? What happen to it?

Answer 15

The white scar tissue remaining after lutenisation. It’s absorbed back into the stromal tissue of the ovary over weeks-months.

Question 16

What happens to the corpus luteum if the oocyte is fertilized?

Answer 16

It gets to live for longer than 2 weeks! Chorion of Embryo secretes hCG to save it.

Question 17

What are thecal cells? When do they appear?

Answer 17

Thin layer of condensed ovarian stromal cells. Appear in the primary (pre-antral) follicle.

Question 18

What are the two stages of the ovarian cycle? When?

Answer 18

Follicular phase (day 1 to ovulation).
Luteal phase (ovulation to menstruation.)

Question 19

3 stages of endometrial cycle

Answer 19

Menstrual, proliferative, secretory.

Question 20

About day 6-7, there is ______, with increased _____.

Answer 20

About day 6-7, there is selection of the dominant follicle with increase oestrogen.

Question 21

Oestrogen levels rise and reach a threshold which is exceeded at day ____. If this is maintained, there is a _______.

Answer 21

Oestrogen levels rise and reach a threshold which is exceeded at day 12. If this is maintained, there is a temporary switch from negative to positive feedback.

Question 22

What are the 3 steps to ovulation after high levels of Oestrogen are reached?

Answer 22

1. High levels stimulate release of more GnRH and LH.
2. GnRH remotes release of FSH and more LH.
3. LH surge brings about ovulation.

Question 23

What inhibits GnRH and what does this lead to?

Answer 23

Elevated progesterone levels due to development of corpus luteum. Leads to decreased FSH and LH.

Question 24

Ectopic pregnancy 3 risk factors

Answer 24

Smoking
Ageing
Prior tubular damage

Question 25

The very outside of the ovarian cortex is called the ____

Answer 25

Germinal epithelium

Question 25

The layer just inside the germinal epithelium of the ovarian cortex is called _____

Answer 25

Tunica albuginea

Question 26

What secretes glycoproteins?

Answer 26

Oocyte to make zona pellucida