Reproductive [Female] Flashcards
Vagina 3 main functions
Elimination of menstrual fluids.
Receives penis.
Holds sperm before they go to uterus.
Uterus functions
Pathway for sperm transport.
Protection, nutrition, waste removal for fetus.
Contractions in myometrium for birth.
Uterus endometrium - 2 layers and what they contain
Stratum functionalis that contains most uterine glands.
Stratum basalis: attaches to myometrium.
Where does fertilisation occur?
Ampulla of the uterine tube.
Uterine tube function
Rich, nutritive environment with lipids and glycogen for sperm, oocyte and embryo.
What is the uterine tube lined with?
Ciliated and nonciliated secretory columnar cells. Mucous surrounded by smooth muscle.
Ovaries 3 regions and what contains
Outer ovarian cortex: ovarian follicles.
Central ovarian medulla: ovarian stroma and steroid producing cells.
Inner hilus: entry of nerves and vessels.
What is the top of the oval that is a part of the uterus?
Fundus
Primordial follicle:
Primordial follicle: single layer of flat follicular cells
Primary follicle:
Primary follicle: one layer of granulosa. Vessels, theca, zona pellucida
Secondary follicle: What does it have? The ______ develops to become the _______ ______and the surrounding _____ , the _____.
Secondary follicle: corona radiata, antrum and cumulus oophorus. The theca develops to become the inner glandular, highly vascular theca interna and the surrounding fiborous capsule, the theca externa.
Mature (Graafian) follicle: As the follicular antrum grows, the oocyte becomes _____. It is connected to the rim of ________ by a _____.
Mature (Graafian) follicle: As the follicular antrum grows, the oocyte becomes suspended in fluid. It is connected to the rim of peripheral granulosa cells by a thin stalk of cells.
What is the name for the ruptured follicle before the secondary oocyte is discharged?
Corpus hemorrhagicum.
How is the corpus luteum formed? What is secreted at the same time?
Antrum breaks down, BM between gran. and thecal cells breaks down and blood vessels invade. Gran. cells form lutenin (yellow cells) = lutenisation. Progestagens secreted.
What is the corpus albicans? What happen to it?
The white scar tissue remaining after lutenisation. It’s absorbed back into the stromal tissue of the ovary over weeks-months.
What happens to the corpus luteum if the oocyte is fertilized?
It gets to live for longer than 2 weeks! Chorion of Embryo secretes hCG to save it.
What are thecal cells? When do they appear?
Thin layer of condensed ovarian stromal cells. Appear in the primary (pre-antral) follicle.
What are the two stages of the ovarian cycle? When?
Follicular phase (day 1 to ovulation). Luteal phase (ovulation to menstruation.)
3 stages of endometrial cycle
Menstrual, proliferative, secretory.
About day 6-7, there is ______, with increased _____.
About day 6-7, there is selection of the dominant follicle with increase oestrogen.
Oestrogen levels rise and reach a threshold which is exceeded at day ____. If this is maintained, there is a _______.
Oestrogen levels rise and reach a threshold which is exceeded at day 12. If this is maintained, there is a temporary switch from negative to positive feedback.
What are the 3 steps to ovulation after high levels of Oestrogen are reached?
- High levels stimulate release of more GnRH and LH.
- GnRH remotes release of FSH and more LH.
- LH surge brings about ovulation.
What inhibits GnRH and what does this lead to?
Elevated progesterone levels due to development of corpus luteum. Leads to decreased FSH and LH.
Ectopic pregnancy 3 risk factors
Smoking
Ageing
Prior tubular damage
The very outside of the ovarian cortex is called the ____
Germinal epithelium
The layer just inside the germinal epithelium of the ovarian cortex is called _____
Tunica albuginea
What secretes glycoproteins?
Oocyte to make zona pellucida
