Musculoskeletal [Muscle] Flashcards
5 functions of muscle M S C C H
Movement Stability Communication Control of openings and passages Heat production
Ring like muscles called ____ help control admission of ____ and ____ and elimination of ____. Muscle produces __% of heat.
Sphincters Light Food Waste 85%
Name the 2 junctions in a skeletal muscle unit around bone and stuff and their relative strength
Osteotendinous junction, strong
Myotendinous junction, weak
Name for points that move the most / least during contraction
Origin
Insertion moves least
A muscle is a bundle of fascicles. The muscle is surrounded by _____ which is made of ____ tissue. ______ is made of ____ tissue and surrounds the fascicles. The fascicle is surrounded by _____ which is made of ____ tissue. This layer contains _____. There is a thin basement membrane between _______.
Epimysium Dense irregular Perimysium Dense irregular Endomysium Loose irregular Nerves and capillaries for myocytes Myocyte and endomysium
Name the layers of skin to muscle
Skin
Superficial fascia (subcutaneous layer)
Deep fascia
Muscle
The deep structures of the body are usually covered with a wrapping of ____ called ____. Muscles that are similar can be _____ and surrounded by ____.
Dense
Deep fascia
Grouped together
Deep fascia
The deeper walls under the deep fascia are called ______. Where this comes into contact with bone, it fuses with the ____. In some areas, the ___ can glide over deep fascia but in others, the deep fascia can be part of a ____.
Investing fascia (intermuscular septa, interosseous membranes)
Periosteum
Epimysium
Tendon
Hyperplasia
Increase in size due to increase in cell number
Hypertrophy is due to _____. Hyper trophy can be stimulated by _____ or ____.
Increases in size of myocytes
Resistance training
Anabolic steroids
Anabolic steroids are variants of ____ that increase the bio process ______. Can also affect other tissues.
Testosterone
Protein synthesis
Atrophy is when _____. Occurs when ____. Also occurs as part of ____. Starts at age ____ and accelerated after age ___. By the time we reach 80 we lose ____%. Atrophy is irreversible/not. Muscle loss can also occur due to _____ which is irreversible/not.
Decrease myocyte size. Muscles aren’t used enough Diseases such as heart failure, diabetes, cancer, AIDS. 20 50 40% Reversible Loss of cells - hypoplasia Irreversible
Myocytes are created by ____. They have many ____ and are large so can/can’t divide by mitosis. The myoblasts that don’t fuse are named ____ which lie _____. They can/can’t divide and their function is to ____.
Fusion of myoblasts during embryonic (syncitium). Nuclei Large Can’t Satellite cells Outside sarcolemma but within BM Can Repair damage or replace muscle fibers
Desmin ____
Holds Z lines together
