Digestive [3]

Question 1

The pancreas’ exocrine function is to secrete _______ via a duct system leading to the ______. Enzymes are converted to their ____ forms once they reach the ____.

Answer 1

Precursors of digestive enzymes as an alkaline pancreatic juice
Duodenum
Active
Duodenum

Question 2

Name the 3 things that secrete into the duodenum and what they secrete

Answer 2

Stomach - acidic chyme
Liver - bile
Pancreas - juices

Question 3

The main pancreatic duct is called the ____ then there are smaller branches called ____ then twigs called ____ then leaves called _____.

Answer 3

Trunk
Interlobular ducts
Intercalated ducts
Acini

Question 4

Name the 3 regions of the duodenum

Answer 4

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 5

The duodenum is ____ shaped, _____ mesentery.

Answer 5

C

Not suspended by mesentery

Question 6

Four layers of the gut tube are like usual in the small intestine except the mucosa is _____ and the submucosa just downstream of the _____ contains _____ which function as ___

Answer 6

Specialized to greatly increase surface area for secretion and absorption

Pyloric sphincter
Mucous glands (brunner’s)
Neutralizing chyme with HCO3- and optimizes pH ok for pancreatic enzymes

Question 7

4 ways the small intestine increases surface area

Answer 7

Gross convolutions
Plicae
Villi
Microvilli

Question 8

The plicae in the small intestine are ______ covered with _____ and has a core of _____.

Answer 8

Circular folds
Mucosa
Submucosa

Question 9

The villi in the small intestine are on top of the ___ projecting into the lumen. Covering is ___, core is ____.

Answer 9

Plicae
Epithelium
Lamina propria

Question 10

The lymphatic vessels in the SI transport ____. The capillaries transport ____. Venules in the ____ are from the ___

Answer 10

Absorbed lipids
Carbs proteins H2O electrolytes
Submucosa
Hpv

Question 11

Paneth cells

Answer 11

Secrete bacterial lysozome, phagocytes

Found at the bottom of the folds

Question 12

Enteroendocrine cells

Answer 12

Secrete secretin which tells the liver and pancreas that it needs juices and stuff. Secretes it into the capillaries I’d the Lamina propria

Secretin is stimulated by stomach chyme

Gastrin also secretes to tell glands to secrete enzymes

Question 13

The surface cells of the small intestine are ___ and _____ cells. Their functions are:

Answer 13

Columnar absorptive

Goblet

Question 14

The 2 parts of the mucosa of the SI are the

Answer 14

Villus

Intestinal gland

Question 15

The SI mucosa is shed every _ days except _ cells

Answer 15

5

Paneth

Question 16

The lymph vessels within each villus of the SI is called _____. Lymph is milked along the lacteal by ____. These Fibres arise from the ____

Answer 16

Lacteal
Smooth muscle in the Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

Question 17

Main function of the large intestine:

Other 4 functions:

Answer 17

Water absorption
Converts chyme to feces, bacteria ferment remaining carbs
Bacteria produce some vitamins which are absorbed.
Secretion of mucus to lubricate feces
Defecation

Question 18

Name the parts of the colon

Answer 18

Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

Question 19

Ileocecal valve controls __

Answer 19

Flow of chyme from ilium to caecum

Question 20

What happens in the caecum

Answer 20

Bacteria digest. Humans can’t digest cellulose of plants

Question 21

Faeces contain ____, undigested _____, cells _____ and ____. Faeces colour is from pigments derived from bacterial decomposition of ____

Answer 21

Bacteria
Dietary fibre
Cells shed
Mucous
Bilirubin

Question 22

The four layers of the gut tube of the large intestine are as usual except the ___ and ___ are different

Answer 22

Mucosa

External muscle

Question 23

What is different about the mucosa of the large intestine?

Answer 23

No villi but has intestinal glands 
Enterocytes
Goblet cells, no paneth cells
Replaced every 5 days
Clusters of lymphoid nodules in the Lamina propria reflecting large bacterial content of colon

Question 24

What is different about the external muscle of the large intestine

Answer 24

OL muscle thickened in 3 strips called teniae coli which contract to pull intestinal tube into pockets (haustra). Haustra change shape and position

Question 25

Name the 4 types of cells in the large intestine

Answer 25

Columnar absorptive cells (enterocytes) absorb mostly water.
Goblet
Undifferentiated
WBC

Question 26

The last bit of the anus is called the ___ which is closed by 2 sphincters:

Answer 26

Anal canal
Inner involuntary
Outer voluntary

Question 27

You feel like u need to Pooh when you are at __% of ____. Stretching of this wall initiates ____. Shortening of the tube makes the ___ sphincter open

Answer 27

25
Rectum
Contraction of teniae coli
Internal