Cardiovascular [Blood Pressure]

Question 1

What is CO per min compared to RBF per min?

Answer 1

CO = 5L / min at rest
RBF = 1L / min at rest

Question 2

What function does BP serve?

Answer 2

Drives Exchange in the capillaries. Maintains stable blood pressure.

Question 3

What is the blood distribution in the cardiovascular system (5)

Answer 3

1. Systemic veins (64%)
2. Systemic Arteries (13%)
3. Pulmonary vessels (9%)
4. Heart and Systemic capillaries (7%)

Question 4

What happens if you are standing up for too long and why?

Answer 4

Pushing out more fluid than reabsorbing so fluid sits in interstitial space (swelling) - edema.

Question 5

How does the lymphatic system return blood and where to?

Answer 5

Lymphatic capillary —> Lymphatic fluid —> Blood plasma —> Blood flow from arteriole into capillary

Question 6

2 receptors response to hypovolemic shock

Answer 6

Baroreceptors in kidneys

Baroreceptors in carotid sinus and arch of aorta.

Question 7

What hormones do the baroreceptors in the kidneys release in response to LOW BP and what control centre does this affect?

Answer 7

Renin

Liver and lungs

Question 8

What do the baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and arch of the aorta do in response to LOW BP? What control centres does this affect?

Answer 8

Decreased rate of nerve impulses. Affects hypothalamus and posterior pituitary + CV in medulla

Question 9

What do the liver and lungs release in response to LOW BP and what effectors does this effect?

Answer 9

Angiotensin 2 in blood

Adrenal cortex and blood vessels

Question 10

What does the hypothalamus and pituitary release in response to LOW BP and what effectors does this affect?

Answer 10

ADH in blood.

Kidneys and blood vessels

Question 11

What is the CV response to LOW BP and what effectors does this affect?

Answer 11

Increase SNS and hormones from adrenal medulla.

Blood vessels and heart.

Question 12

What does the adrenal cortex do in response to low BP?

Answer 12

Liberated aldosterone —> kidneys

Question 13

What is the kidney response in order to increase BV?

Answer 13

Conserve salt and water

Question 14

What do blood vessels do to increase BP and what is the response?

Answer 14

Constrict

Increased systemic vascular resistance

Question 15

What does the heart do as an effector to cause a response of higher BP?

Answer 15

Heart rate and contractility increase

Question 16

______ —> increase in blood viscosity —> increased resistance —> increased BP

Answer 16

More RBC as in polycythemia

Question 17

Obesity —> ______ —> _______ —> high BP

Answer 17

Increase total blood vessel length.

Increase resistance.

Question 18

What hormones affect resistance and what is the effect on BP?

Answer 18

Angiotensin 2, ADH, NA —> increase, constrict

ANP, E, NO —> decrease, dilate

Question 19

What hormones increase and decrease blood volume

Answer 19

Increase: Aldosterone, ADH

Decrease: ANP

Question 20

What receptors send info to the CNS to cause urination when they sense an increase in venous pressure?

Answer 20

Cardiopulmonary receptors in Vena Cavas.

Question 21

What do the alpha and beta receptors do and where are they?

Answer 21

Arterioles - NA/E
Alpha are in abdomen and skiN
Beta are in cardiac and skeletal muscle, NA has a much smaller vasodilatimg effect.

Question 22

Poiseuille’s

Answer 22

It states that the flow (Q) of fluid is related to a number of factors: the viscosity (n) of the fluid, the pressure gradient across the tubing (P), and the length (L) and diameter(r) of the tubing.

V = 1/A

Question 23

Name all the blood pressure components (w their values if poss)

Answer 23

BHP up 35
BCOP down 26
IFOP up 1
IFHP down 0
BCOP down 26
BHP up 16

Question 24

NFP equation

Answer 24

(BHP + IFOP) - (BCOP + IFHP)