Reproductive [Male Tract]

Question 1

What is the name of the disease where the testes font descend?

Answer 1

Cryptorchidism

Question 2

Seminal vesicles - what do secretions contain?

Answer 2

Alkaline secretion with fructose, prostaglandins and clotting proteins.

Question 3

Seminal vesticles - where do secretions go? When? Function?

Answer 3

Ejaculatory duct AFTER the sperm is ejected from the vas.

Washes sperm down the ejaculatory tract

Question 4

Urethra: The ejaculatory duct joins the ____ at the ______. The urethra is ____ long and runs from the _____ through the ______ to the end of the ______. This is the pathway for _____ and _____.

Answer 4

Urethra: The ejaculatory duct joins the urethra at the prostate. The urethra is 20cm long and runs from the bladder through the prostate to the end of the penis. This is the pathway for urine and semen.

Question 5

The prostate gland is a ____ shaped gland. The _____ passes through it. It secretes ______ into the _____ ahead of ____ during ejaculation.

Answer 5

The prostate gland is a donut shaped gland. The urethra passes through it. It secretes prostate fluid into the urethra ahead of sperm during ejaculation.

Question 6

Prostate fluid pH, contains, colour.

Answer 6

Acidic
Citrate for ATP
Milky colour
P and Ca
PSA and other enzymes which breakdown coagulum.
Neutralized by seminal vesicles fluid in semen.

Question 7

Ph of semen:

Human ejaculate:

Answer 7

7.5

2-5mL

Question 8

Pathway of sperm travel in the testes once they are made

Answer 8

Sem. Tubule —> Rete testis —> Epididymis —> Vas deferens

Question 9

What does the epididymis do?

Answer 9

Reabsorption liquid, making sperm more concentrated for storage. Sperm become more motile + can fertilise. 10-14 days here.

Question 10

Describe path of vas deferens

How long

Answer 10

Stored here for months.
45cm
Runs from epididymis up and around the bladder down to join ejaculatory tract.

Question 11

During erection, _____ and ____ is released, causing _____ to relax. This allows ____ to fill the ______. _____ flow is also reduced. There is ___ times the amount of blood in an erect penis.

Answer 11

During erection, NO and Prostaglandin is released, causing smooth muscle in corpora cavernosa to relax. This allows blood to fill the cavernous spaces of the CC. Venous flow is also reduced. There is 8 times the amount of blood in an erect penis.

Question 12

What is the corpus spongiosum

Answer 12

Surround penile urethra and prevents occlusion by erection.

Question 13

What conducts semen and urine in the penis?

Answer 13

Penile urethra

Question 14

Viagra causes ____. Erection usually requires ______, a _____. In viagra, An enzyme ______ acts by ________. Viagra inhibits _____ leading to an (increase/decrease) in GMP and relaxation.

Answer 14

Viagra causes erection. Erection usually requires cGMP a second messenger. In viagra, An enzyme phosphodiesterase type 5 acts by breaking down GMP. Viagra inhibits PDE leading to an increase in GMP and relaxation.

Question 15

Prostate cancer can be recognised by screening for ____. Treatment includes: x4

Answer 15

Elevated PSA levels.
Wait
Androgens depletion with finasteride
Block androgen receptor
Surgery (prostatomy)

Question 16

What does BSA stand for?

Answer 16

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Question 17

BSA cause and symptoms

Answer 17

Excessive growth of prostate. Occludes urethra so difficult peeing. Weak bladder. Urinary infection and kidney problems.

Question 18

BSA treatment

Answer 18

SURGERY

Selective 5 alpha reductase inhibitors. You have to keep taking them.

Testosterone —> a-reductase —> DHT
Finasteride and dutasteride inhibit a-reductase.

Question 19

Erections need release of ___ and ____ which causes ____ to ___. Reduced ____ outflow. ___ x as much blood.

Answer 19

NO
Prostaglandin E1
Causes smooth muscle of corpora cavernosa to relax 
Venous 
8

Question 20

% of people with prostate cancer

1. <40
2. 70+

Answer 20

Rare

35%