Respiratory [Airway Control] Flashcards
Describe compliance and give the equation
Reciprocal of elasticity.
How easy it is to stretch the lungs.
Change in volume over change in pressure.
Surface tension in the lung exists at the ______ in the _____. It is caused by _____ between the molecules in a liquid. Within the alveoli, the ST force is measured as a _____ that attempts to _____.
Liquid-gas interface
The cohesive forces between molecules in a liquid.
Pressure
Collapse the alveoli.
La Place’s Law equation
P = 2T / R
COPD stands for _____ and it is caused by _____ resulting in _____. On a curve of pressure vs volume, it’s a steep/flat curve. The lungs ____ and the diaphragm ___ and the mid-sternal space ____.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD. Smoking Increased lung compliance Steep Expand Flattens Decreases
Fibrosis is a disease caused by ____ which results in ______. It is a steep/flat P vs V curve. The lungs become ____ and the mid-sternal space ____ and there are _____ areas.
Air contaminants Decreased compliance Flat Deflated Widens Fluffy
Dead space value
2.2mL per kg
Function of lung parenchyma
Keep structures in the respiratory zone open
Describe the funnel effect in terms of resistance, type of air and cross sectional area
High R, fast turbulent, low area
To
Low R, slow laminar, high area
On a resistance vs volume curve, name the 3 labels of the x axis and the shape of the curve and what it means.
RV, FRC, TLC
Exponential down
Airways get bigger
Radical traction is the ____ of the lungs causing ___ to open/close the airway.
Lung parenchyma
Elastic recoil/not?
The smooth muscle of airways is innervated by PS or SNS.
The PNS nerves cause _____ through the ____ receptor.
Bronchoconstriction
Mucarinic receptor.
The smooth muscle of airways is innervated by PS or SNS.
The SNS nerves come from the ___. They cause _____ through the ____ receptors (just in the bronchioles)
Spinal cord
Bronchodilation
Beta-2-adrenoceptors ?
Asthmatics take ____ which is a ____ antagonist.
Salbutamol
B-adrenoceptor
Name of the reflex which describes the idea of PNS and SNS regulation of airways
Hearing-Breur Inflation Reflex
The HBIF describes how __ receptors in ___ can generate ___ during ___ that travel via afferent __ nerves to the ____. This centre then sends info via ___ nerves to targets to cause dilation and ____ respiration.
Stretch receptors (mechanoredeptors) in bronchioles APs Lung inflation Vagal Medulla oblongata Sympathetic Terminates
