Respiratory Flashcards
Methemoglobin
oxidized form (Fe3+), doesn't bind O2 as well increased affinity for cyanide
Nitrate poisoning
oxidize to Fe3+
cyanide poisoning
use nitrates to oxidize hemoglobin to methemglobinemia and bind cyanide
allows cytochrome oxidase to function
thiosulfate to bind cyanide and renal excrete
carboxyhemoglobin
Hg bound to O2, left shift
decreased oxygen unloading
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension gene
BMPR2 gene
fat emboli
long bone fratures
liposuction
alveolar hyperventilation
hypocapnia
paCO2= BMR/alv vent
Tb med that requires acidic environment
pyrazinamide
N-acetylcysteine mechanism in CF treatment
reduces intermolecular disulfide bridges
histo of true vocal cords
stratified squamous
mycolic acids
long, branched, saturated Fatty acids
PE (changes in O2, etc)
hypoxemia
hyperventilation
resp alkalosis
CO poisoning (O2 values)
Normal Po2 (dissolved O2)
decreased O2 saturation
decreased O2 content
Anemia (O2 values)
Normal PO2
Normal O2 sat
decreased O2 content
Polycythemia (O2 values)
Normal Po2
Normal O2 sat
increased O2 content
P02
dissolved oxygen
percent saturation of O2
O2 per gram of Hb
O2 content
dissolved + O2 attached to Hb
diaphragm perforation at T8
IVC
diaphragm perforation at T10
esophagus, vagus nerve
diaphragm perforation at T12
aorta, thoracic duct, azygous vein
V/Q of Zero
airway obstruction
V/Q of infinity
blood flow obstruction
Response to High Altitude
increase ventilation increased EPO increased BPG increased mitochondria increased renal excretion of bicarb
hypertrophy of mucous glands
bronchitis
increased elastase
emphysema
anthracosis location
coal mine
upper lobes
silicosis location
sandblasting, mines
upper lobes
asbestosis location
lower lobes
tracheal dviation towards side of lesions
atelectasis, spontaneous pneumo
tracheal deviation AWAY from side of lesion
tension pneumothorax
L-myc
small cell carcinoma of lung
Kluchitsky cells
small, dark blue cells
small cell carcinoma of lung
keratin pearls and intracellular bridges
squamous cell carcinoma of lung
psammomma bodies
mesothelioma
theophylline
inhibits phosphodiesterase and causes bronchodilation
blocks adenosine
montelukast, zileuton
anti-leukotrienes
zileuton
5 lipooxygenase inhibitor
inhibts arachidonic acid to leukotrienes
guaifenesin
thins resp secretions
bosentan
treats pulmonary arterial hypertension
comp antagnst of endothelin-1 receptor
decreases PVR
dextromethorphan
anti-tissuive, antagnoizes NMDA glutamate receptors
dextromethorphan overdose
naloxone
pseudoephedrine/phenylephrine
alpha-agonists
Potter Syndrome
pulmonary hypoplasia
limb deformities
oligohydroaminos/renal agenesis
CF
high sweat chloride concentrations
more negative nasoepithelial surface
increased sodium absorption
theophyelline side effects
seizures
tachyarrythmias
neutrophil chemotaxis caused by
leukotriene B4
peak of exercise, you have
CO2 content in mixed venous blood
increased ESR due to which cytokines
TNF alpha
IL-1
IL-6
Flucytosine
targets fungal DNA and RNA synthesis
Capsofungin
targets fungal cell wall
Amph B
binds ergosterol
Nystatin
binds ergosterol
Azoles
inhibit ergosterol synthesis
Central Receptors
medulla
monitor Co2, PH
Peripheral Receptors
carotid and aortic bodies
monitor, O2 (and CO2 and pH)
carotid body sends signals via
glossopharyngeal n
aortic body sends signals via
vagus nerve
chronic COPD and supplemental O2
only hypoxia stimulates resp center
particles 10-15
UR trapping
particles 2.5-10
mucociliary transport
particles <2
macrophages/phagocytosis