Heme Flashcards
1
Q
increased band cells
A
increased myeloid proliferation
CML, bacterial infections
2
Q
CD14
A
surface marker for macrophages
3
Q
eosinophils produce
A
histaminase
arylsulfatase
4
Q
eosinophil defend against
A
neoplastic asthma allergic collagen vascular dz parasites
5
Q
basophil
A
allergic rxn
heparin, histamine, leukotrienes
6
Q
Dendritic cells
A
express MHC class II and Fc receptor called Langerhan's cells in skin
7
Q
lymphocytes
A
divide into B and T cells
8
Q
Leukocytes
A
granulocytes –> basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil
mononuclear - monocytes, lymphocytes
9
Q
Kallikrein
A
activates bradykinin
10
Q
ACE
A
inactivates bradykinin
11
Q
Warfarin
A
inhibits epoxide reductase
12
Q
Vit K def
A
decreased synthesis of 2,7,9,10, protein C and S
13
Q
Heparin
A
activates antithrombin
14
Q
antithrombin
A
inhibits 2,7,9,10,11,12
15
Q
protein c
A
inactivates V
16
Q
V
A
prothrombin to thrombin
17
Q
thrombin
A
fibrinogen to fibrin monomers
18
Q
Ticlopidine
A
inhibits ADP induced expression of GpIIb/IIIa
19
Q
Clopidogrel
A
inhibits ADP induced expression of GpIIb/IIIa
20
Q
decreased ESR
A
polycythemia
sickle cell
CHF
hypofibrinogenemia
21
Q
4 gene deletion of alpha
A
excess gamma-globin –> forms Hb barts
hydrops fetalis
22
Q
HbH disease
A
3 gene deletion of alpha
excess beta, B4 –> HbH
23
Q
cis alpha deletion
A
asian
24
Q
trans alpha deletion
A
african
25
B thal minor
asymptomatic
| increase HbA2
26
B thal major
```
severe anemia requiring blood transfusion
marrow expansion --> crew cut --> skeletal deformitins
increased HbF (alpha2gamma2)
```
27
HbS/B thal
mild to moderate sickle cell dz depending on amount of B globin produced
28
lead inhibits
ferrochelatase and ALA dehydratase
| decreases heme synthesis
29
treatment for lead poisoning
dimercaprol
| EDTA
30
sideroblastic anemia
x linked defect in ALA synthase gene
31
treatment for sideroblastic anemia
pyroidoxine
32
ACD
increased hepcidin
| increased ferritin
33
Causes of aplastic anemia
rdiation, drugs
viruses
Fanconi
34
Hereditary Spherocytosis Cause
defect in RBC membrane, ankryin, spectrin
35
Paroxysmal noctural hemoglobinuria triad
hemolytic anemia
pancytopenia
venous thrombosis
36
PNH Cause
impaired synthesis of GPI anchor/CD55,59
37
HbS mutation
glutamic acid ---> valine
38
Warm Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
IgG
| SLE, CLL, alpha-methyldopa
39
Cold Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
IgM
| Mycoplasma, Mono, CLL
40
Microangiopathic anemia
DIC, TTP-HUS, SLE, malignant HTN
41
macroangiopathic anemia
prosthetic heart valves
| aortic stenosis
42
Acute Intermittent Porphyria
uroporphyrin in urine
| painful abdomin, port wine colored urine, polyneuropathy, psych disturbances, precipitated by drgs
43
Acute Intermittent Porphyria treatment
glucose and heme (inhibit ALA synthase)
44
PT test
extrinsic pathway
| 1,2,5,7,10
45
PTT
intrinsic
| all except 7 and 13
46
Bernard-Soulier syndrome
defect in platelet plug formation, decreased GpIb
decreased platelet count
increased bleeding time
47
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
decreased GpIIb/IIIa
| increased bleeding time only
48
ITP labs
decreased platelet count
increased bleeding time
increased megakaryocytes
49
ITP cause
antibodies against anti-GpIIb/IIIa
50
TTP cause
def of ADAMTS 13
51
ADAMTS 13
vwF metalloprotease
52
TTP Labs
decreased platelet count
increased bleeding time
increased LDH
53
TTP symptoms
fever, thrombocytopenia, maha
| renal and neuro symptoms
54
Von Willebrand's disease labs
increased BT
| normal or increased PTT
55
von willebrand's disease treatment
desmopression
56
DIC labs
decreased platelets, fibrinogen, factors V and VIII
| increased BT, PT, PTT
57
Burkitt's lymphoma
8:14
c-myc
starry sky
EBV
58
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
NHL, older adults
59
Mantle Cell lymphoma
11:14, cyclin D1
| CD5+ poor prognosis
60
Follicular Lymphoma
14:18, bcl-2
61
bcl-2
inhibits apoptosis
62
Adult T-cell lymphoma
HTLV-1
63
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
IgM
| hyperviscosity
64
Tdt+
ALL
65
CALLA+
ALL
66
t:(12;21)
better prognosis in ALL
67
ALL
<15
mediastinal mass
increased lymphocytes
68
CLL
>60 years
| smudge cells
69
Hairy Cell Leukemia
B cell
| +trap
70
cladribine
treatment for hairy cell lymphoma
71
AML
65, Auer rods
DIC common
15:17 subtype
72
CML
30-60 years, philadelphia chromosome
73
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
lytic bone lesions, rash in children
neural crest origin
birbeck granules
74
Essential thrombocytosis vs Polycytehmia
RBCs and WBCs elevated in polycythemia
75
essential thrombocytosis
specific for megakarogylces, so increased platelets
76
Myelofibrosis
tear drop cell
77
enoxaparin, dalteparin
low weight molecular heparins
78
heparin toxicity
protamine sulfate
79
lepirudin, bivalirudin
inhibits thrombin
| alternative to heparin
80
Heparin Monitoring
PTT
81
Warfarin MOnitoring
PT/INR
82
thrombolytics MofA
aid conversion of plasminogin to plasmin
83
cliostazol, dipyridamole
phosphodiesterase III inhibitor
| inhibit platelet aggregation, vasodilate
84
Cancer drugs - S phase
etoposide
| antimetabolites
85
5-FU
colon cancer
| photosensitivity
86
5-FU rescue
thymidine
87
Cytarabine
for leukemias, lymphomas
88
Azathiprine
for leukemias
| increased toxicity with allopurinol
89
Dactinomycin
intercalates DNA
| wilm's tumor, Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcom (child's tumors)
90
Doxorubicin
solid tumors, leukemias, lymphomas
| cardiotoxiciticty/dialted cardiomyopathy
91
Bleomycin
breaks DNA strands
testicular cancer, Hodgkin's
pulmonary fibrosis
92
Nitrosoureas
brain tumors (CNS toxicity)
93
Busulfan
alkylates DNA
CML
pulmonary fibrosis, hyperpigmentation
94
Vincristine/vinblastine
solid tumors, leuk, lymph
| peripheral neuropathy
95
Paclitaxel
ovarian and breast carcinoms
96
Cisplastin/carboplatin
testicular/bladder/ovary/lung
| nephrotoxicity and acoustic nerve damage
97
Etoposide, teniposide
inhibit topoisomerase II
| alopecia
98
Tamoxifen, raloxifene
SERMs
breast cancer, osteoporosis
hot flashes, increase risk of endometrial cancer
99
trastuzumab toxicity
cardiotoxciity
100
Vemurafenib
inhibitors B-Raf kinase
| metastatic melanoma
101
Septic Shock
decrease PVR
increased CO
decreased PCWP
102
Cardiogenic Shock
increased PVR
decreased CO
increased PCWP
103
aminolevulinic acid synthase
sideroblastic anemia
104
aminolevulinic acid dehydratase
lead poisoning
105
proprhobilinogen deaminse
acute intermittent porphyria
106
ferrochelatase
lead poisoning
107
procarbazine
hodgkin's lymphoma
MAOI
avoid tyramine containing food
108
DIC
activation of coagulation cascade
109
treatmetn for methemoglobinemia
methylene blue
110
salicylate toxicity
tinnitus
| resp alk + anion gap meta acid
111
DIC associated with
AML
112
blast crisis
CML
113
autoimmune anemias associated with
CLL
114
chloramphenical
use for niseeria infections
| causes aplastic anemia
115
EBV structure
linear, dsDNA, envelope
116
PNH substance in urine
hemosiderin
117
one unit of blood
increases hematocrit by 3%
118
chloramphenicol mofa
binds 50S
