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First Aid Sections > Heme First Aid > Flashcards

Heme First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

WBC Differential

A

N L M E B

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2
Q

increased immature neutrophils/band cells

A

increased myeloid production

  • bacterial infection
  • CML
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3
Q

Causes of Eosinophilia

A 
neoplastic
asthma
allergic processes
CVD
parasites
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4
Q

B lymphocyte

A

humoral immune

bone marrow

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5
Q

T lymphocyte

A

stem cells in bone marrow, matures in thymus

cellular immune response

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6
Q

cytotoxic T cells

A

Cd8

recognized MHC I

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7
Q

Helper T cells

A

express CD4

recognize MHC II

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8
Q

Acanthocyte/spur cell

A

liver disease

abetalipoproteinemia

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9
Q

Basophilic stippling

A

thalassemias
anemia of chronic disease
lead poisoning

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10
Q

bite cell

A

G6PD def

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11
Q

elliptocyte

A

hereditary elliptocytosis

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12
Q

Macro-ovalocyte

A

megoblastic anemia

marrow failure

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13
Q

ringed sideroblasts

A

sideroblastic anemia

excess iron in mitochondria

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14
Q

schistocyte/helmet cell

A

DIC
TTP
HUS
traumatic hemolysis

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15
Q

spherocyte

A

hereditary spherocytosis

autoimmune hemolysis

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16
Q

tear drop cell

A

bone marrow infiltration (myelofibrosis)

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17
Q

target cell

A

HbC disease
Asplenia
Liver disease
thalassemia

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18
Q

Heinz body

A

G6PD def

heinz-body like inclusions with alpha thalassemia

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19
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies

A

functional hyposplenia or asplenia

mothball ingestion/napthalene

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20
Q

microcytic, hypochromic anemias

A

iron def
alpha thalassemia, beta thal
lead poisoning
sideroblastic

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21
Q

macrocytic anemia

A

foltae, b12 def

nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anemias

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22
Q

normocytic, normochromic anemias

A

intravascular, extravascular hemolysis
ACD
aplastic anemia
CKD

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23
Q

intravascular hemolysis

A

increased LDH

hemoglobin in urine

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24
Q

extravascular hemolysis

A

increase LDH plus increased UCB (jaundice!)

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25
Q

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria symptoms

A

hemolytic anemia, pancytopenia, venous thrombosis

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26
Q

PN Hemoglobinuria cause

A

increased complement mediated RBC lysis

loss of GPI linked proteins (CD 55/59)

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27
Q

Labs for PN Hemoglobinuria

A

CD 55/ 59

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28
Q

Treatment for PN Hemoglobinuria

A

eculizumab

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29
Q

Hereditary Spherocytosis treatment

A

splenectomy

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30
Q

Hereditary Spherocytosis Cause

A

red cell membrane instability

defect in ankyrin or spectrin

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31
Q

G6PD exacerbated by

A

sulfa drugs
infections
fava beans

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32
Q

G6PD genetics

A

X linked
decreased glutathione
Heinze bodies + bite cells

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33
Q

Pyruvate kinase definency

A

hemolytic anemia in new born

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34
Q

autosplenectomy

A

Howell-Jolly bodies

sickle cell

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35
Q

Sickle Cell treatment

A

hydroxyurea (increases HbF)

BMT

36
Q

Warm agglutinin

A

IgG

often seen with SLE, CLL, alpha-methyldopa

37
Q

Cold Agglutinin

A

IgM

seen in CLL, mono, mycoplasma pneuomnia

38
Q

Microangiopathic anemia

A

schistocytes

39
Q

weird causes of microangiopathic anemia

A

malignant htn

sle

40
Q

Iron Def Labs

A

decreasd Iron
increased TIBC/transferrin
decreased ferritin
decreased transferrin saturation (serum iron/TIBC)

41
Q

transferrin saturation

42
Q

Chronic disease labs

A

decreased iron
decreased transferrin/TIBC
increased ferritin

43
Q

Hemochromatosis labs

A

increased iron
decreased transferrin
increased ferritin
increased transferrin saturation

44
Q

Pregnancy/OCP lab values

A

increased transferrin/TIBC

decreased transferrin saturation

45
Q

transferrin

A

transport iron in blood

46
Q

ferritin

A

primary iron storage protein

47
Q

Hemophilia A

A 
def of VIII
increase PTT
48
Q

Hemophilia B

A 
def of IX
increase PTT
49
Q

Vit K def

A

decrease synthesis of 2,7,9,10, protein C and S

50
Q

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A

associated with EBV
Reed-Sternberg Cells
B signs/symptoms
localized nodes

51
Q

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A

multiple, non contiguous nodes
mostly involving B cells
associations with HIV and immunnosuppresion

52
Q

Reed-Sternberg Cells

A

CD 30+, CD 15+ B cells

53
Q

plasma cells with clock face

A

Multiple Myeloma

54
Q

ALL

A

<15 years
often mediastinal mass
increased lymphoblasts

55
Q

Hair Cell Leukemia

A

B cell tumor in elderly

TRAP positive

56
Q

Hairy Cell Leukemia treatment

A

cladribine

adenosine analog

57
Q

AML

A

Auer rods
older onset
DIC common

58
Q

t(9:22)

A

CML
philadelphia chromosome
bcr-abl

59
Q

t(8:14)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

c-myc activation

60
Q

t(11:14)

A

cyclin D1 activation

mantle cell lymphoma

61
Q

T(14:18)

A

follicular lymphomas

bcl-2 activation

62
Q

Polycytehmia vera

A

Jak2 mutation

increased, RBC, WBC, platelets

63
Q

JAK 2 mutation

A

polycytehmia vera

64
Q

deficient alpha-aminolevulinic acid

A

lead posioning

65
Q

symptoms of lead poisoning

A

mental deterioation, sideroblastic anemia

66
Q

anti-GpIIB/IIIa antibodies

67
Q

increased megakarocytes

68
Q

ADAMTS 13

A

vWF metalloprotease

TTP

69
Q

ITP, TPP lab values

A

increased BT

normal PT, PTT

70
Q

polycythemia symptoms

A

itching after shower (increased histamine)
ruddy skin
palpable spleen

71
Q

conseuqence of HIT

A

deep vein and arterial thrombosis

72
Q

Hereditary Angioedema

A

swelling of eyelids and lips

decrease C1 esterase inhibitor

73
Q

Heparin

A

anti-coagulant

cofactor for activation of anti-thrombin

74
Q

Warfarin

A

chronic anti-coag

interferes with synthesis and carboxylation of vit K dependent clotting factors

75
Q

Heparin monitoring

A

PTT (intrinsic)

76
Q

Warfarin monitoring

A

PT/INR (extrinsic)

77
Q

Warfarin overdose treatment

A

IV vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma

78
Q

ribavirin SE

A

hemolytic anemia

79
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma treatment

80
Q

Pacitaxel use

A

ovarian and breast carcinomas

81
Q

A blood Group

A

A antigen on RBC

anti-B antibody

82
Q

B blood Group

A

B antigen

anti-A antibody

83
Q

AB blood group

A

A, B antigens
no antibodies
universal recipient of RBC
universal donor of plasma

84
Q

O blood group

A

Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies
universial donor of RBCs
universal recipient of plasma

85
Q

HbH

A

deletion of three alpha genes

excess Beta globulin forms Beta-4 (HbH)

86
Q

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

A

iron def anemia
esophageal webs
atrophci glossitis

First Aid Sections (25 decks)

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