MICRO BIO Flashcards
1
Q
C perfringens toxin
A
lecithinase/phospholipase C/alpha toxin
2
Q
enterococci are resistant to
A
aminoglycosides
3
Q
PAS
A
whipple’s disease
4
Q
india ink
A
cryptococcus
5
Q
silver stain
A
- fungi
- legionella
- h. pylori
6
Q
chocolate agar with factors V and X
A
H influenzae
7
Q
Thayer-Martin media
A
N gonorrhea
N meningitis
8
Q
Bordet-Gengou agar
A
B. Pertussis
9
Q
Loffler’s media
A
C diptheriae
10
Q
Lowenstein-Jensen agar
A
M tuberculosis
11
Q
Eaton’s agar
A
M. pneumoniae
12
Q
charcoal yeast extract agar with cysteine and iron
A
Legionella
13
Q
Sabouraud’s agar
A
fungi
14
Q
yellow pigment
A
S aureus
15
Q
Protein A
A
S. Aureus
binds Fc portion of Ig
16
Q
IgA Protease
A
S pneumo, Hi influ, Neisseria
colonize resp mucosa
17
Q
M protein
A
GAS, prevent phagocytosis
18
Q
Exotoxin
A
tetanus, botulism, diphtheria
19
Q
Endotoxin
A
meningococcemia
sepsis by GNR
20
Q
diptheria toxin
A
inactivates EF-2
21
Q
pseudomonas Exotoxin A
A
inactivates elongation factor 2
22
Q
Shiga-like toxin
A
EHEC
inactivates 60s ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA
23
Q
Pertussis toxin
A
overactives adenylate cyclase/cAMP
24
Q
Tetanospasmin
A
cleaves SNARE protein for NT release
25
Botulinum toxin
cleaves SNARE protein for NT release
26
gas gangrene
Clostridium perfringens
27
Streptolysin O
degrades cell membrane
28
TSST-1
S aureus
| overhwelming release of IFN gamma and IL-2 which leads to shock
29
Exotoxin A (s. pyogenes)
overwhelimg release of IFN gamma and IL-2 which leads to shock
30
ENDOTOXIN
edema, nitric oxide, DIC/death, outer membrane, TNF alpha, O-antigen, eXtremely heat stable, IL-1, neutrophil chemotaxis
31
Bacterial transformation
s pneumonia
h influenza
neiserria
32
S. aureus properties
catalase +
| coagulase +
33
S. epidermis properties
catalse +
coagulase -
novobiocin +
34
S. saprophyticus properties
catalase +
coagulase -
novobiocin -
35
Strept pneumo shape
lancet-shaped, GP diplococci
36
Streptococccus agalactiae causes
GBS --> sepsis/meningitis in babies
37
Enterococci cause
UTI
biliary tract infections
subacute endocarditis
38
C. diff toxins
Toxin A - enterotoxin
| Toxin B - destroys cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - pseudomembranous colitis
39
polypeptide capsule
anthrax
40
Cutaneous anthrax toxins
lethal factor and edema factor
41
Bacillus cereus
rice
42
actinomyces treatment
penicillin
43
nocardia treatment
sulfonamdies
44
Lepromatous Leprosy
diffusely over skin
| humoral TH2 response
45
Tuberculoid Leprosy
hairless skin plaques
| TH1 immune response
46
tinea versicolor
Malassezia
| hypopigmented patches
47
spaghettia and meatball apperance
tinea versicolor/malassezia
48
treatment for tinea versicolor
topical miconazole
| selenium sulfide
49
treatment for vaginal candida
topical azole
50
treatment for oral/esophageal candida
fluconazole
| capsofungin
51
treatment for systemic candida
fluconzaole
capsofungin
amph B
52
aflatoxin
aspergillua
53
cryptococcus found in
pigeon, soil droppings
54
soap bubble lesions in brain
cryptococcus
55
PCP treatment
TMP-SMX
56
Sporothrix schenckii
cigar shaped
| gardener's disease
57
S. schenckii treatment
itraconazole or potassiume iodide
58
Giardia
comes from water
fatty stools
metronidazole
59
Entamoeba histolytica
bloody diarrhea
comes from water
metronidazole
60
Cryptosporidum
AIDs
comes from water
prevent with nitazoxanide
61
congenital toxoplasmosis
chorioretinitis
hydrocephalus
intracranial calcifications
62
toxoplasma treatment
sulfadizaine + pyrimethamine
63
naegleria fowleri
rapidly fatal MEitis
| freshwater lakes
64
Trypanosoma brucei
african sleeping sickess
| tseste fly
65
Plasmodium/malaria treatment
chloroquine, mefloquine
quinidine if life threatening
primaquine for vivax/ovale
66
Babesia
Ixodes tick
maltese cross
treat with atovaquone
67
trypanosoma cruzi
chagas disese
reduviid bug
dilated cardiomyopathy, emgacolon, megaesophagus
68
leishmani donovani
leishmaniasis from sandfly
69
enterobius vermicularis treatment
bendazoles
70
ascaris lumbricoides treatment
bendazoles
71
strongyloides treatment
ivermectin or albendazole
72
loa loa
swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva
| treat with diethylcarbamazine
73
wucheria bancrofti
elephantitasis
| treat with eidethylcarbamazepine
74
taenia solium treatment
praziquantel
75
schistosoma
snails are host
| squamous cell carcinoma o fbladder
76
schistosoma treatment
praziquantel
77
paragonimus westermani
from crab meat
| lung inflammation
78
paragonimus westermani treatment
praziquantel
79
liver cysts
echinoccus granulosus
80
vit b12 def
diphyllobothrium latum
81
clonorchis sinensis
biliary tract dz, cholangiocarcinoma
82
Rotavirus
fatal diarrhea in children
83
echovirus
aseptic meningitis
84
Parainfluenza
croup
85
RSV
bronchiolitis in babies
86
treatment for RSV
ribavirin
87
Filoviruses
marbug/ebola, hemmorhhagic fever
88
bullet shaped virus
rabies
89
HBsAg
hep B infection
90
gp120 of HIV
attachment to CD4 T cell
91
gp41 of HIV
fusion and entry
92
pol of HIV
reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase
93
bloody diarrhea
campylobacter
94
watery diarrhea
ETEC
95
Meningitis not in new borns
S. pneumoniae
Neisseria
Enteroviruses
96
CSF bacteria
increased OP
increased PMNs
increased protein
decreased sugar
97
CSF Viral
Normal OP
increased lymphocytes
inormal/increased protein
normal sugar
98
CSF fungal/tb
increased OP
increased lymphoctes
increased protein
decreased sugar
99
rubella - neonatal
PDA, catarcts, deafness
100
CMV - neonatal
heairing loss, seizures, blueberry muffin rash
101
HSV2 neonatal
encepahlitis, herpetic lesions
102
Syphilis - neonatal
still birth
103
zanamivir, oseltamivir
inhibit neuroaminidase
| influ A and B
104
ribavirin
RSV, chronic hep C
| hemolytic anemia
105
Acyclovir
inhibits viral DNA polymerase
| HSV, VZV
106
Ganciclovir
CMV
107
Foscarnet
CMV retinitis
| resistant HSV
108
Cidofovir
CMV retinitis
| resistant HSV
109
Protease inhibitors
"-navir"
110
NRTI
bind reverse transcriptase, terminate DNA chain
| -udine
111
NNRTI
nevirapine, efavirenz, delaviridine
112
Reltegravir
integrase inhibitor
| can cause hypercholesteremia
113
IFN alpha
chronic hep B and C
| kaposi
114
IFN beta
MS
115
IFN gamma
NADPH oxidase def
116
malignant otitis externa
Pseudomonas
117
eosinophilia
Aspergillus
118
Picornaviridae
ss + RNA
| Polio, Echo, Rhino, Coxsackie, HAV
119
Catalase Positive Organisms
```
S. aureus
Nocardia
Aspergillus
Pseudomonas
Serratia
```
120
Herpes virus budding
through host cell nuclear membrane
121
cryptococcus enters through
resp tracts/lungs
122
germ tubes
candida
123
TSI agar
producing: Salmonella, Proteus
| non producing: Shigella
124
dextrans
produced by S. viridans
| bind to fibrin
125
H flu capsule contains
ribose, ribitol, phosphate
126
treatment of H flu
ceftrixaxone
127
How does HBV help HDV?
coating of viral particles
128
HBV -type of virus
dsDNA
circular
contains DNA polymerase
129
mycobacterium - serpentine pattern
virulence/cord factor
130
Histoplasmosis morphology
ovoid cells within macrophages
131
Vibrio predisposing factor
achloryhdia
132
S. epidermis treatment
vancomycin or rifampin
133
Colonizng Aspergillus
old lung cavities, fungus balls
134
transformation
direct uptake of naked DNA from environment
| S pneumonia, H flu, Neiserria
135
HIV properties
ssRNA, positive sense
136
reverse transcriptase
synthesize dsDNA from RNA
137
HIV structural genes
gag, pol, env
138
env
gp 120 and 41
| glycosylated
139
gag
p27 and p7
| p24, capsid protein
140
measles virus type
paramyoxvirus
141
rubella virus type
togavirus
142
bile soluble?
spneumonia
143
currant jelly sputum
klebsiella
144
black colonies on cystine-tellurite agar
diptheria
145
diptheriae treatment
diptheria antitoxin
Penicillin or Erythromycin
DPT vacine
146
function of conjugated diptheria toxoid in vaccines
increase immunogenicitiy
147
alcohols
disrupt cell membrane
| denature proteins
148
H202
produces ROS
149
C. botulinium
inhibits AcH
| flaccid paralysis
150
C. tetani
tetanic paralysis
| inhibits glycine and GABA release
151
Neisseria spreads to
choroid plexus
152
watery diarrhea + pneumonia
legionella
153
oral thrush
think HIV
154
intranuclear and cytoplasmic inculsion bodies
CMV
155
Strongyloides Stercoralis
rhabditiform larve in stool
156
Strongyloids Stercoralis treatment
ivermectin or albendazole
157
integrin receptor
CMV
158
CR2/CD21 receptor
EBV
159
ICAM receptor (CD54)
Rhinovirus
160
Nicotinic Ach Receptor
Rabies Virus
161
diptheria exotoxin comes from
bacteriophage
162
Anti HBsAg
vaccination
163
what needs cholesterol to grow?
mycoplasma
164
biofilms/produce polysac matrix
S epidermis
165
Hep A type of Virus
picornavirus
166
Hep virus that causes mortality in pregnant women
Hep E
167
urease produced by
H pylori
168
cultured in 6.5% saline and bile
Enteroccoi
| common after GU procedures
169
toxin mediated diarrhea
Vibrio, ETEC
170
Listeria
listerolysin O
| production of cytokines
171
Rabies virus vaccine
killed vaccine
172
Amph B
binds ergosterol
173
Nystatin
binds ergosterol
174
Azoles
inhibit ergosterol synthesis
175
Flucystone
inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis
176
Capsofungin
inhibits cell wall synthesis
177
Terbafine
inhibits squalen opoxidase
178
Griseofulvin
interferes with microtubules
179
Fluoroquinolones
-floxacins (cipro)
180
30S inhibitors
aminoglycosides
| tetracyclines
181
50 S inhibitors
chloramphenicol, clindamycin
eryhtomycin (macrolide)
linezolid
