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MICRO BIO Flashcards

1
Q

C perfringens toxin

A

lecithinase/phospholipase C/alpha toxin

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2
Q

enterococci are resistant to

A

aminoglycosides

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3
Q

PAS

A

whipple’s disease

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4
Q

india ink

A

cryptococcus

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5
Q

silver stain

A
  • fungi
  • legionella
  • h. pylori
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6
Q

chocolate agar with factors V and X

A

H influenzae

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7
Q

Thayer-Martin media

A

N gonorrhea

N meningitis

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8
Q

Bordet-Gengou agar

A

B. Pertussis

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9
Q

Loffler’s media

A

C diptheriae

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10
Q

Lowenstein-Jensen agar

A

M tuberculosis

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11
Q

Eaton’s agar

A

M. pneumoniae

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12
Q

charcoal yeast extract agar with cysteine and iron

A

Legionella

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13
Q

Sabouraud’s agar

A

fungi

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14
Q

yellow pigment

A

S aureus

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15
Q

Protein A

A

S. Aureus

binds Fc portion of Ig

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16
Q

IgA Protease

A

S pneumo, Hi influ, Neisseria

colonize resp mucosa

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17
Q

M protein

A

GAS, prevent phagocytosis

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18
Q

Exotoxin

A

tetanus, botulism, diphtheria

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19
Q

Endotoxin

A

meningococcemia

sepsis by GNR

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20
Q

diptheria toxin

A

inactivates EF-2

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21
Q

pseudomonas Exotoxin A

A

inactivates elongation factor 2

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22
Q

Shiga-like toxin

A

EHEC

inactivates 60s ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA

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23
Q

Pertussis toxin

A

overactives adenylate cyclase/cAMP

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24
Q

Tetanospasmin

A

cleaves SNARE protein for NT release

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25
Q

Botulinum toxin

A

cleaves SNARE protein for NT release

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26
Q

gas gangrene

A

Clostridium perfringens

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27
Q

Streptolysin O

A

degrades cell membrane

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28
Q

TSST-1

A

S aureus

overhwelming release of IFN gamma and IL-2 which leads to shock

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29
Q

Exotoxin A (s. pyogenes)

A

overwhelimg release of IFN gamma and IL-2 which leads to shock

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30
Q

ENDOTOXIN

A

edema, nitric oxide, DIC/death, outer membrane, TNF alpha, O-antigen, eXtremely heat stable, IL-1, neutrophil chemotaxis

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31
Q

Bacterial transformation

A

s pneumonia
h influenza
neiserria

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32
Q

S. aureus properties

A

catalase +

coagulase +

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33
Q

S. epidermis properties

A

catalse +
coagulase -
novobiocin +

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34
Q

S. saprophyticus properties

A

catalase +
coagulase -
novobiocin -

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35
Q

Strept pneumo shape

A

lancet-shaped, GP diplococci

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36
Q

Streptococccus agalactiae causes

A

GBS –> sepsis/meningitis in babies

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37
Q

Enterococci cause

A

UTI
biliary tract infections
subacute endocarditis

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38
Q

C. diff toxins

A

Toxin A - enterotoxin

Toxin B - destroys cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - pseudomembranous colitis

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39
Q

polypeptide capsule

A

anthrax

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40
Q

Cutaneous anthrax toxins

A

lethal factor and edema factor

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41
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

rice

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42
Q

actinomyces treatment

A

penicillin

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43
Q

nocardia treatment

A

sulfonamdies

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44
Q

Lepromatous Leprosy

A

diffusely over skin

humoral TH2 response

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45
Q

Tuberculoid Leprosy

A

hairless skin plaques

TH1 immune response

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46
Q

tinea versicolor

A

Malassezia

hypopigmented patches

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47
Q

spaghettia and meatball apperance

A

tinea versicolor/malassezia

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48
Q

treatment for tinea versicolor

A

topical miconazole

selenium sulfide

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49
Q

treatment for vaginal candida

A

topical azole

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50
Q

treatment for oral/esophageal candida

A

fluconazole

capsofungin

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51
Q

treatment for systemic candida

A

fluconzaole
capsofungin
amph B

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52
Q

aflatoxin

A

aspergillua

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53
Q

cryptococcus found in

A

pigeon, soil droppings

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54
Q

soap bubble lesions in brain

A

cryptococcus

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55
Q

PCP treatment

A

TMP-SMX

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56
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

cigar shaped

gardener’s disease

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57
Q

S. schenckii treatment

A

itraconazole or potassiume iodide

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58
Q

Giardia

A

comes from water
fatty stools
metronidazole

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59
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A

bloody diarrhea
comes from water
metronidazole

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60
Q

Cryptosporidum

A

AIDs
comes from water
prevent with nitazoxanide

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61
Q

congenital toxoplasmosis

A

chorioretinitis
hydrocephalus
intracranial calcifications

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62
Q

toxoplasma treatment

A

sulfadizaine + pyrimethamine

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63
Q

naegleria fowleri

A

rapidly fatal MEitis

freshwater lakes

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64
Q

Trypanosoma brucei

A

african sleeping sickess

tseste fly

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65
Q

Plasmodium/malaria treatment

A

chloroquine, mefloquine
quinidine if life threatening
primaquine for vivax/ovale

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66
Q

Babesia

A

Ixodes tick
maltese cross
treat with atovaquone

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67
Q

trypanosoma cruzi

A

chagas disese
reduviid bug
dilated cardiomyopathy, emgacolon, megaesophagus

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68
Q

leishmani donovani

A

leishmaniasis from sandfly

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69
Q

enterobius vermicularis treatment

A

bendazoles

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70
Q

ascaris lumbricoides treatment

A

bendazoles

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71
Q

strongyloides treatment

A

ivermectin or albendazole

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72
Q

loa loa

A

swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva

treat with diethylcarbamazine

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73
Q

wucheria bancrofti

A

elephantitasis

treat with eidethylcarbamazepine

74
Q

taenia solium treatment

A

praziquantel

75
Q

schistosoma

A

snails are host

squamous cell carcinoma o fbladder

76
Q

schistosoma treatment

A

praziquantel

77
Q

paragonimus westermani

A

from crab meat

lung inflammation

78
Q

paragonimus westermani treatment

A

praziquantel

79
Q

liver cysts

A

echinoccus granulosus

80
Q

vit b12 def

A

diphyllobothrium latum

81
Q

clonorchis sinensis

A

biliary tract dz, cholangiocarcinoma

82
Q

Rotavirus

A

fatal diarrhea in children

83
Q

echovirus

A

aseptic meningitis

84
Q

Parainfluenza

85
Q

RSV

A

bronchiolitis in babies

86
Q

treatment for RSV

87
Q

Filoviruses

A

marbug/ebola, hemmorhhagic fever

88
Q

bullet shaped virus

89
Q

HBsAg

A

hep B infection

90
Q

gp120 of HIV

A

attachment to CD4 T cell

91
Q

gp41 of HIV

A

fusion and entry

92
Q

pol of HIV

A

reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase

93
Q

bloody diarrhea

A

campylobacter

94
Q

watery diarrhea

95
Q

Meningitis not in new borns

A

S. pneumoniae
Neisseria
Enteroviruses

96
Q

CSF bacteria

A

increased OP
increased PMNs
increased protein
decreased sugar

97
Q

CSF Viral

A

Normal OP
increased lymphocytes
inormal/increased protein
normal sugar

98
Q

CSF fungal/tb

A

increased OP
increased lymphoctes
increased protein
decreased sugar

99
Q

rubella - neonatal

A

PDA, catarcts, deafness

100
Q

CMV - neonatal

A

heairing loss, seizures, blueberry muffin rash

101
Q

HSV2 neonatal

A

encepahlitis, herpetic lesions

102
Q

Syphilis - neonatal

A

still birth

103
Q

zanamivir, oseltamivir

A

inhibit neuroaminidase

influ A and B

104
Q

ribavirin

A

RSV, chronic hep C

hemolytic anemia

105
Q

Acyclovir

A

inhibits viral DNA polymerase

HSV, VZV

106
Q

Ganciclovir

107
Q

Foscarnet

A

CMV retinitis

resistant HSV

108
Q

Cidofovir

A

CMV retinitis

resistant HSV

109
Q

Protease inhibitors

A

“-navir”

110
Q

NRTI

A

bind reverse transcriptase, terminate DNA chain

-udine

111
Q

NNRTI

A

nevirapine, efavirenz, delaviridine

112
Q

Reltegravir

A

integrase inhibitor

can cause hypercholesteremia

113
Q

IFN alpha

A

chronic hep B and C

kaposi

114
Q

IFN beta

115
Q

IFN gamma

A

NADPH oxidase def

116
Q

malignant otitis externa

A

Pseudomonas

117
Q

eosinophilia

A

Aspergillus

118
Q

Picornaviridae

A

ss + RNA

Polio, Echo, Rhino, Coxsackie, HAV

119
Q

Catalase Positive Organisms

A 
S. aureus
Nocardia
Aspergillus
Pseudomonas
Serratia
120
Q

Herpes virus budding

A

through host cell nuclear membrane

121
Q

cryptococcus enters through

A

resp tracts/lungs

122
Q

germ tubes

123
Q

TSI agar

A

producing: Salmonella, Proteus

non producing: Shigella

124
Q

dextrans

A

produced by S. viridans

bind to fibrin

125
Q

H flu capsule contains

A

ribose, ribitol, phosphate

126
Q

treatment of H flu

A

ceftrixaxone

127
Q

How does HBV help HDV?

A

coating of viral particles

128
Q

HBV -type of virus

A

dsDNA
circular
contains DNA polymerase

129
Q

mycobacterium - serpentine pattern

A

virulence/cord factor

130
Q

Histoplasmosis morphology

A

ovoid cells within macrophages

131
Q

Vibrio predisposing factor

A

achloryhdia

132
Q

S. epidermis treatment

A

vancomycin or rifampin

133
Q

Colonizng Aspergillus

A

old lung cavities, fungus balls

134
Q

transformation

A

direct uptake of naked DNA from environment

S pneumonia, H flu, Neiserria

135
Q

HIV properties

A

ssRNA, positive sense

136
Q

reverse transcriptase

A

synthesize dsDNA from RNA

137
Q

HIV structural genes

A

gag, pol, env

138
Q

env

A

gp 120 and 41

glycosylated

139
Q

gag

A

p27 and p7

p24, capsid protein

140
Q

measles virus type

A

paramyoxvirus

141
Q

rubella virus type

142
Q

bile soluble?

A

spneumonia

143
Q

currant jelly sputum

A

klebsiella

144
Q

black colonies on cystine-tellurite agar

145
Q

diptheriae treatment

A

diptheria antitoxin
Penicillin or Erythromycin
DPT vacine

146
Q

function of conjugated diptheria toxoid in vaccines

A

increase immunogenicitiy

147
Q

alcohols

A

disrupt cell membrane

denature proteins

148
Q

H202

A

produces ROS

149
Q

C. botulinium

A

inhibits AcH

flaccid paralysis

150
Q

C. tetani

A

tetanic paralysis

inhibits glycine and GABA release

151
Q

Neisseria spreads to

A

choroid plexus

152
Q

watery diarrhea + pneumonia

A

legionella

153
Q

oral thrush

154
Q

intranuclear and cytoplasmic inculsion bodies

155
Q

Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

rhabditiform larve in stool

156
Q

Strongyloids Stercoralis treatment

A

ivermectin or albendazole

157
Q

integrin receptor

158
Q

CR2/CD21 receptor

159
Q

ICAM receptor (CD54)

A

Rhinovirus

160
Q

Nicotinic Ach Receptor

A

Rabies Virus

161
Q

diptheria exotoxin comes from

A

bacteriophage

162
Q

Anti HBsAg

A

vaccination

163
Q

what needs cholesterol to grow?

A

mycoplasma

164
Q

biofilms/produce polysac matrix

A

S epidermis

165
Q

Hep A type of Virus

A

picornavirus

166
Q

Hep virus that causes mortality in pregnant women

167
Q

urease produced by

168
Q

cultured in 6.5% saline and bile

A

Enteroccoi

common after GU procedures

169
Q

toxin mediated diarrhea

A

Vibrio, ETEC

170
Q

Listeria

A

listerolysin O

production of cytokines

171
Q

Rabies virus vaccine

A

killed vaccine

172
Q

Amph B

A

binds ergosterol

173
Q

Nystatin

A

binds ergosterol

174
Q

Azoles

A

inhibit ergosterol synthesis

175
Q

Flucystone

A

inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis

176
Q

Capsofungin

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis

177
Q

Terbafine

A

inhibits squalen opoxidase

178
Q

Griseofulvin

A

interferes with microtubules

179
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

-floxacins (cipro)

180
Q

30S inhibitors

A

aminoglycosides

tetracyclines

181
Q

50 S inhibitors

A

chloramphenicol, clindamycin
eryhtomycin (macrolide)
linezolid

First Aid Sections (25 decks)

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