GI Flashcards
1
Q
foregut
A
pharynx to duodenum
celiac artery
vagus n
2
Q
celiac artery supplies
A
foregut
spleen
3
Q
midugt
A
duodenum to tranverse colon
SMA
vagus n
4
Q
hind gut
A
distal transverse colon to rectum
IMA
pelvic nerves
5
Q
duodenal atresia
A
failure to recanalize
associated with Down syndrome
6
Q
jejunal, ileal, colonic atresia
A
vascular accident
apple peel atresia
7
Q
olive mass
A
pyloric stenosis
8
Q
annular pancreas
A
abnormal migration of ventral pancreatic bud
9
Q
lesser omentum
A
liver to lesser curvature
contains hepatogastric and hepatoduodenic ligaments
10
Q
hepatoduodenal ligament
A
portal triad
11
Q
hepatogastric ligament
A
gastric arteries
12
Q
less curvature of stomach blood vessel
A
left gastric a.
13
Q
greater curvature of stomach blood vessel
A
gastroepiploic aa
14
Q
falciform ligament
A
ligamentum teres hepatis
15
Q
spleen - embryo origin
A
mesoderm
16
Q
esophageal varices
A
left gastric and esophageal aa
17
Q
caput medusae
A
paraumbilical and superficial/inferfior epigastric aa
18
Q
internal hemorrhoids
A
superior rectal a
middle or inferior rectal aa
19
Q
above pectinate line
A
adenocarcinoma
superior rectal artery
drains to superior rectal vein –> IMV –> portal system
deep nodes
20
Q
below pectinate line
A
squamous cell carcinoma
inferior rectal artery
inferior rectal vein –> internal pudeneal vein –> internal iliac vein –> IVC
superficial inguinal nodes
21
Q
delta aminolevulinic acid
A
lead poisoning
need vit B6 for synthesis of ALA
22
Q
periportal zone of liver
A
viral hepatitis
23
Q
pericentral / centrilobular zone of liver
A
alcoholic hepatitis
ischemia
24
Q
Somatostatin
A
inhibits VIP
D cells of pancreas
25
VIPoma
watery diarrhea
HYPOkalemia
ACHLORhydria
26
iron absorbed
duodenum, proximal jejunum
27
folate absorbed
jejunum
28
achalasia
failure of LES to relax
dysphagia to solid and liquids
risk of SCC
29
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of esophagus
keratin nests and pearls
smoking and alcohol -- most important risk factors
achalasia, diverticular, esophageal web, hot liquids
30
Whipples Disease
PAS positive foamy macropphages
gram psoitive organisim
cardiac symptoms, arthralgias, neurologic symptoms
31
+PAS due to
glycoprotein
32
Type A gastritis
autoimmune
pernicious anemia
achlorhydria
affects the body
33
Type B gastritis
H pylori
affects antrum
risk of MALT lymphoma and adenocarcinoma
34
Intestinal Stomach Cancer
H pylori, type A gastritis, smoked foods
35
Diffuse Stomach Cancer
signet ring cells
| linits plastica
36
malignant polyps
villous
37
risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
```
hep B and C
biliary dz
hemochromatosis
wilson's dz, alpha1antitrypsin
aflatoxin
cirrhosis
```
38
Reye's syndrome
aspirin
liver dz - microvesicular fatty change
encephalopathy
39
hepatic steatosis
macrovesicular fatty change
40
alcoholic hepatitis path
mallory bodies
41
Acute Hep A
```
balloon degeneration
Councilmen bodies (apoptosis)
```
42
nodular regeneration
chronic hep
43
hobnail apperance of liver
alcoholic cirrhosis
44
increased alpha fetoprotein
hepatocellular carcinoma
45
cavernous hemangioma
common benign liver tumor
46
hepatic adenoma
bengin
| OC or steroid use
47
angiosarcoma
malignant
| exposure to arsenic, polyvinyl chloride
48
Budd Chiari
occlusion of IVC or hepatic veins
| hypercoaguable states
49
black liver
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
| can't excrete conjugated bilirubin
50
mitochondrial antibodies
PBC
51
destruction of interlobular bile ducts by granulomas
PBC
52
PSC
onion skin bile duct
beading
hypergammaglobulinemia -- IgM
53
mass in ileocecal valve
gallstone ileus
| air in biliary tree
54
acute pancreatitis complications
pseudocysts, necrosis
55
7 alpha hydroxylase suppresion
fibrates
56
CA 19-9
pancreatic adenocarcinoma
57
migratory thrombophelbitis
trosseau's (redness and tenderness of extremities)
| pancreatic adenocarcinoma
58
arsenic posioning
garlic breath
| dimercaprol
59
Courvoiser sign
palable but non tender gallbladder
| usually due to adenocarcinoma at head of pancreas
60
pancreatic cancer RF
age, smoking, DM, chronic pancreatitis, genetic
61
Hep B
integrates DNA into host
62
left sided CC
obstruction
63
right sided CC
anemia, anorexia
64
portal vein thrombosis
portal htn, no change in liver histo
65
CREST - immunopath
CD4 accumulation
66
most likely location of colon adenocarcinoma
rectosigmoid
67
hereditary pancreatitis
SPINK1
68
periodic, non peristatlic contractions
diffuse esophageal spasm
| corkscrew esophagus
69
vomitting causes
metabolic alkalosis
| loss of acidic stomach contents
70
chalky white lesions in mesentery
acute pancreatitis
71
octreotride
somatostatin analong
| treats acute variceal bleeds, acromegaly, VIPoma, carcinoid tumors
72
Hirschsprung Disease
failure of neural crest cells to migrate and become ganglion cells of submucosal and myenteric plexuses
73
imperforate anus
associated with GU tract malformations
74
pancreas divisum
ventral and dorsal buds fail to fuse
| 2 separate duct systems
75
dorsal pancreatic duct forms
body, tail, most of head
76
ventral pancreatic duct forms
unicate process
inferior/posterior portion of head
major pancreatic duct
77
Secretin
made in S cells of duodenum
| increases Bicarb secretion
78
COX-2, increased levels
can be associated with colon adenocarcinoma
79
MTP gene
abetalipoproteinemia
80
abetalipoproteinemia histo
acanthocytes
| foamy cytoplasm
81
HIV esophagitis
candida
CMV
HSV-1
82
lipophilic compounds metabolized by
liver
83
t 1/2 =
Vd x ln 2 / CL
84
Colon Cancer in UC pts
multifocal
early p53 mutations, late APC mutations
high histological grades
85
liver cysts
echinococcus
| anaphylatic shock
86
GERD histology
elongation of lamina propriae
| eosinophil/neutrophil/lymphocyte infiltrate
87
lactase def
decreased stool PH
increase stool osmotic gap
increase H2 breath content
88
H pylori - greatest concentration in
prepylroic region
89
anal fissure location
distal to dentate line
| posterior midline
90
fine granular eosinophilic apperance of liver/ground glass
HBsAg tubules
91
toxic mega colon diagnosis
flat plain X ray
92
diphenoxylate
opiate anti-diarrheal
93
meperdine
opiate anti-diarrheal
94
secretory diarreha treatment
ocretide
95
Chron's dz granulomas
TH1 response
96
hepatic steatosis - pathophys/histo
excess NADH production
decrease free FA oxidation
TG accumulation
97
NFKB
K(C)rohn's disease
| stimulates cytoKines
98
CD -- HLA associations
HLA 1,5
99
UC - HLA associations
HLA 2
100
epinephrine metabolites within liver lysosomes
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
101
Chronic mesenteric ischemia
atherosclerosis + postprandial pain
102
cricopharyngeal muscle dysfunction
Zenkers
103
what is between SMA and aorta
transverse portion of duodenum
104
Indinavir
protease inhibitor
| lipodystrophy, hyperglycemia, P450 inhibition
105
parietal cells stimulated by
gastrin, ach, histamine
106
parietal cell hypertrophy by
gastrin
107
Acute ACALCULOUS cholecystitis
no stones
| pts who are hospitalized, seriously ill
108
pancreatic pseudocyst consists of
fibrous and granulation tissue
109
diarrhea and spindle cells in AIDs pt
kaposi's
110
meckel diverticulum
incomplete obliteration of omphalomesenteric duct
variety of tissue types
ectopy
111
N acetyl cysteine
acetaminophen overdose
provides sulfhydral group
glutathione substitue
112
nests of uniform cells
carcinoid
113
gall stones in IBD due to
decrease bile acid reabsorption
114
Wilson dz, copper accumulation in
```
corena
basal ganglia (basal ganglia atrophy)
```
115
lipid absorption occurs in
jejunum
116
diverticular protruding from wall, mechanism is
pulsion
117
PBC has similar histo to
GVHD
118
calliflower like mass with hypokalemia
villous adenocarcinoma
119
telescoping
intussecption
120
copper is removed from body by
hepatic excretion into bile
121
hepatic abscess
S. aureus
122
spordiac colon cancer pathway
APC - K-ras - p53
123
total gastrectomy, supplement
B12
124
99mTc-pertechnetate
tests for gastric mucosa (meckels)
125
watershed areas of GI tract
splenic flexure
| distal sigmoid colon
126
erosions
do not fully extend through muscularis mucosa
127
Crohn's dz - type of stone
oxalate calcium
128
Zidovudine
AZT
nucleoside reverese transcripatse inhibit
incorpated into molecule and prevent chain elongation since no free 3'oh
(prevents 3-5' phophodiester bond)
129
omphalomesenteric duct
vitelline duct
130
halothane fulminant hepatitis histo
increase aminotransferase
increased PTT
eosinophili
131
weird causes of pancreatitis
increase TG, CA
132
Hep B -- mechanism
CD8 T lymphs respond to viral antigens
133
gallstones caused by
increased cholesterol
low phospholipid
decreased bile acid
134
calcification/porecelian gallbladder
risk fro cancer, remove
