GI Flashcards
foregut
pharynx to duodenum
celiac artery
vagus n
celiac artery supplies
foregut
spleen
midugt
duodenum to tranverse colon
SMA
vagus n
hind gut
distal transverse colon to rectum
IMA
pelvic nerves
duodenal atresia
failure to recanalize
associated with Down syndrome
jejunal, ileal, colonic atresia
vascular accident
apple peel atresia
olive mass
pyloric stenosis
annular pancreas
abnormal migration of ventral pancreatic bud
lesser omentum
liver to lesser curvature
contains hepatogastric and hepatoduodenic ligaments
hepatoduodenal ligament
portal triad
hepatogastric ligament
gastric arteries
less curvature of stomach blood vessel
left gastric a.
greater curvature of stomach blood vessel
gastroepiploic aa
falciform ligament
ligamentum teres hepatis
spleen - embryo origin
mesoderm
esophageal varices
left gastric and esophageal aa
caput medusae
paraumbilical and superficial/inferfior epigastric aa
internal hemorrhoids
superior rectal a
middle or inferior rectal aa
above pectinate line
adenocarcinoma
superior rectal artery
drains to superior rectal vein –> IMV –> portal system
deep nodes
below pectinate line
squamous cell carcinoma
inferior rectal artery
inferior rectal vein –> internal pudeneal vein –> internal iliac vein –> IVC
superficial inguinal nodes
delta aminolevulinic acid
lead poisoning
need vit B6 for synthesis of ALA
periportal zone of liver
viral hepatitis
pericentral / centrilobular zone of liver
alcoholic hepatitis
ischemia
Somatostatin
inhibits VIP
D cells of pancreas
VIPoma
watery diarrhea
HYPOkalemia
ACHLORhydria
iron absorbed
duodenum, proximal jejunum
folate absorbed
jejunum
achalasia
failure of LES to relax
dysphagia to solid and liquids
risk of SCC
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of esophagus
keratin nests and pearls
smoking and alcohol – most important risk factors
achalasia, diverticular, esophageal web, hot liquids
Whipples Disease
PAS positive foamy macropphages
gram psoitive organisim
cardiac symptoms, arthralgias, neurologic symptoms
+PAS due to
glycoprotein
Type A gastritis
autoimmune
pernicious anemia
achlorhydria
affects the body
Type B gastritis
H pylori
affects antrum
risk of MALT lymphoma and adenocarcinoma
Intestinal Stomach Cancer
H pylori, type A gastritis, smoked foods
Diffuse Stomach Cancer
signet ring cells
linits plastica
malignant polyps
villous
risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
hep B and C biliary dz hemochromatosis wilson's dz, alpha1antitrypsin aflatoxin cirrhosis
Reye’s syndrome
aspirin
liver dz - microvesicular fatty change
encephalopathy
hepatic steatosis
macrovesicular fatty change
alcoholic hepatitis path
mallory bodies
Acute Hep A
balloon degeneration Councilmen bodies (apoptosis)
nodular regeneration
chronic hep
hobnail apperance of liver
alcoholic cirrhosis
increased alpha fetoprotein
hepatocellular carcinoma
cavernous hemangioma
common benign liver tumor
hepatic adenoma
bengin
OC or steroid use
angiosarcoma
malignant
exposure to arsenic, polyvinyl chloride
Budd Chiari
occlusion of IVC or hepatic veins
hypercoaguable states
black liver
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
can’t excrete conjugated bilirubin
mitochondrial antibodies
PBC
destruction of interlobular bile ducts by granulomas
PBC
PSC
onion skin bile duct
beading
hypergammaglobulinemia – IgM
mass in ileocecal valve
gallstone ileus
air in biliary tree