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First Aid Sections > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

foregut

A

pharynx to duodenum
celiac artery
vagus n

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2
Q

celiac artery supplies

A

foregut

spleen

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3
Q

midugt

A

duodenum to tranverse colon
SMA
vagus n

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4
Q

hind gut

A

distal transverse colon to rectum
IMA
pelvic nerves

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5
Q

duodenal atresia

A

failure to recanalize

associated with Down syndrome

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6
Q

jejunal, ileal, colonic atresia

A

vascular accident

apple peel atresia

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7
Q

olive mass

A

pyloric stenosis

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8
Q

annular pancreas

A

abnormal migration of ventral pancreatic bud

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9
Q

lesser omentum

A

liver to lesser curvature

contains hepatogastric and hepatoduodenic ligaments

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10
Q

hepatoduodenal ligament

A

portal triad

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11
Q

hepatogastric ligament

A

gastric arteries

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12
Q

less curvature of stomach blood vessel

A

left gastric a.

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13
Q

greater curvature of stomach blood vessel

A

gastroepiploic aa

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14
Q

falciform ligament

A

ligamentum teres hepatis

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15
Q

spleen - embryo origin

A

mesoderm

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16
Q

esophageal varices

A

left gastric and esophageal aa

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17
Q

caput medusae

A

paraumbilical and superficial/inferfior epigastric aa

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18
Q

internal hemorrhoids

A

superior rectal a

middle or inferior rectal aa

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19
Q

above pectinate line

A

adenocarcinoma
superior rectal artery
drains to superior rectal vein –> IMV –> portal system
deep nodes

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20
Q

below pectinate line

A

squamous cell carcinoma
inferior rectal artery
inferior rectal vein –> internal pudeneal vein –> internal iliac vein –> IVC
superficial inguinal nodes

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21
Q

delta aminolevulinic acid

A

lead poisoning

need vit B6 for synthesis of ALA

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22
Q

periportal zone of liver

A

viral hepatitis

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23
Q

pericentral / centrilobular zone of liver

A

alcoholic hepatitis

ischemia

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24
Q

Somatostatin

A

inhibits VIP

D cells of pancreas

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25
Q

VIPoma

A

watery diarrhea
HYPOkalemia
ACHLORhydria

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26
Q

iron absorbed

A

duodenum, proximal jejunum

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27
Q

folate absorbed

A

jejunum

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28
Q

achalasia

A

failure of LES to relax
dysphagia to solid and liquids
risk of SCC

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29
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of esophagus

A

keratin nests and pearls
smoking and alcohol – most important risk factors
achalasia, diverticular, esophageal web, hot liquids

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30
Q

Whipples Disease

A

PAS positive foamy macropphages
gram psoitive organisim
cardiac symptoms, arthralgias, neurologic symptoms

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31
Q

+PAS due to

A

glycoprotein

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32
Q

Type A gastritis

A

autoimmune
pernicious anemia
achlorhydria
affects the body

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33
Q

Type B gastritis

A

H pylori
affects antrum
risk of MALT lymphoma and adenocarcinoma

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34
Q

Intestinal Stomach Cancer

A

H pylori, type A gastritis, smoked foods

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35
Q

Diffuse Stomach Cancer

A

signet ring cells

linits plastica

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36
Q

malignant polyps

A

villous

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37
Q

risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

A 
hep B and C
biliary dz
hemochromatosis
wilson's dz, alpha1antitrypsin
aflatoxin
cirrhosis
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38
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

aspirin
liver dz - microvesicular fatty change
encephalopathy

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39
Q

hepatic steatosis

A

macrovesicular fatty change

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40
Q

alcoholic hepatitis path

A

mallory bodies

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41
Q

Acute Hep A

A 
balloon degeneration
Councilmen bodies (apoptosis)
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42
Q

nodular regeneration

A

chronic hep

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43
Q

hobnail apperance of liver

A

alcoholic cirrhosis

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44
Q

increased alpha fetoprotein

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

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45
Q

cavernous hemangioma

A

common benign liver tumor

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46
Q

hepatic adenoma

A

bengin

OC or steroid use

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47
Q

angiosarcoma

A

malignant

exposure to arsenic, polyvinyl chloride

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48
Q

Budd Chiari

A

occlusion of IVC or hepatic veins

hypercoaguable states

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49
Q

black liver

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

can’t excrete conjugated bilirubin

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50
Q

mitochondrial antibodies

A

PBC

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51
Q

destruction of interlobular bile ducts by granulomas

A

PBC

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52
Q

PSC

A

onion skin bile duct
beading
hypergammaglobulinemia – IgM

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53
Q

mass in ileocecal valve

A

gallstone ileus

air in biliary tree

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54
Q

acute pancreatitis complications

A

pseudocysts, necrosis

55
Q

7 alpha hydroxylase suppresion

A

fibrates

56
Q

CA 19-9

A

pancreatic adenocarcinoma

57
Q

migratory thrombophelbitis

A

trosseau’s (redness and tenderness of extremities)

pancreatic adenocarcinoma

58
Q

arsenic posioning

A

garlic breath

dimercaprol

59
Q

Courvoiser sign

A

palable but non tender gallbladder

usually due to adenocarcinoma at head of pancreas

60
Q

pancreatic cancer RF

A

age, smoking, DM, chronic pancreatitis, genetic

61
Q

Hep B

A

integrates DNA into host

62
Q

left sided CC

A

obstruction

63
Q

right sided CC

A

anemia, anorexia

64
Q

portal vein thrombosis

A

portal htn, no change in liver histo

65
Q

CREST - immunopath

A

CD4 accumulation

66
Q

most likely location of colon adenocarcinoma

A

rectosigmoid

67
Q

hereditary pancreatitis

A

SPINK1

68
Q

periodic, non peristatlic contractions

A

diffuse esophageal spasm

corkscrew esophagus

69
Q

vomitting causes

A

metabolic alkalosis

loss of acidic stomach contents

70
Q

chalky white lesions in mesentery

A

acute pancreatitis

71
Q

octreotride

A

somatostatin analong

treats acute variceal bleeds, acromegaly, VIPoma, carcinoid tumors

72
Q

Hirschsprung Disease

A

failure of neural crest cells to migrate and become ganglion cells of submucosal and myenteric plexuses

73
Q

imperforate anus

A

associated with GU tract malformations

74
Q

pancreas divisum

A

ventral and dorsal buds fail to fuse

2 separate duct systems

75
Q

dorsal pancreatic duct forms

A

body, tail, most of head

76
Q

ventral pancreatic duct forms

A

unicate process
inferior/posterior portion of head
major pancreatic duct

77
Q

Secretin

A

made in S cells of duodenum

increases Bicarb secretion

78
Q

COX-2, increased levels

A

can be associated with colon adenocarcinoma

79
Q

MTP gene

A

abetalipoproteinemia

80
Q

abetalipoproteinemia histo

A

acanthocytes

foamy cytoplasm

81
Q

HIV esophagitis

A

candida
CMV
HSV-1

82
Q

lipophilic compounds metabolized by

A

liver

83
Q

t 1/2 =

A

Vd x ln 2 / CL

84
Q

Colon Cancer in UC pts

A

multifocal
early p53 mutations, late APC mutations
high histological grades

85
Q

liver cysts

A

echinococcus

anaphylatic shock

86
Q

GERD histology

A

elongation of lamina propriae

eosinophil/neutrophil/lymphocyte infiltrate

87
Q

lactase def

A

decreased stool PH
increase stool osmotic gap
increase H2 breath content

88
Q

H pylori - greatest concentration in

A

prepylroic region

89
Q

anal fissure location

A

distal to dentate line

posterior midline

90
Q

fine granular eosinophilic apperance of liver/ground glass

A

HBsAg tubules

91
Q

toxic mega colon diagnosis

A

flat plain X ray

92
Q

diphenoxylate

A

opiate anti-diarrheal

93
Q

meperdine

A

opiate anti-diarrheal

94
Q

secretory diarreha treatment

A

ocretide

95
Q

Chron’s dz granulomas

A

TH1 response

96
Q

hepatic steatosis - pathophys/histo

A

excess NADH production
decrease free FA oxidation
TG accumulation

97
Q

NFKB

A

K(C)rohn’s disease

stimulates cytoKines

98
Q

CD – HLA associations

A

HLA 1,5

99
Q

UC - HLA associations

A

HLA 2

100
Q

epinephrine metabolites within liver lysosomes

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

101
Q

Chronic mesenteric ischemia

A

atherosclerosis + postprandial pain

102
Q

cricopharyngeal muscle dysfunction

A

Zenkers

103
Q

what is between SMA and aorta

A

transverse portion of duodenum

104
Q

Indinavir

A

protease inhibitor

lipodystrophy, hyperglycemia, P450 inhibition

105
Q

parietal cells stimulated by

A

gastrin, ach, histamine

106
Q

parietal cell hypertrophy by

A

gastrin

107
Q

Acute ACALCULOUS cholecystitis

A

no stones

pts who are hospitalized, seriously ill

108
Q

pancreatic pseudocyst consists of

A

fibrous and granulation tissue

109
Q

diarrhea and spindle cells in AIDs pt

A

kaposi’s

110
Q

meckel diverticulum

A

incomplete obliteration of omphalomesenteric duct
variety of tissue types
ectopy

111
Q

N acetyl cysteine

A

acetaminophen overdose
provides sulfhydral group
glutathione substitue

112
Q

nests of uniform cells

A

carcinoid

113
Q

gall stones in IBD due to

A

decrease bile acid reabsorption

114
Q

Wilson dz, copper accumulation in

A 
corena
basal ganglia (basal ganglia atrophy)
115
Q

lipid absorption occurs in

A

jejunum

116
Q

diverticular protruding from wall, mechanism is

A

pulsion

117
Q

PBC has similar histo to

A

GVHD

118
Q

calliflower like mass with hypokalemia

A

villous adenocarcinoma

119
Q

telescoping

A

intussecption

120
Q

copper is removed from body by

A

hepatic excretion into bile

121
Q

hepatic abscess

A

S. aureus

122
Q

spordiac colon cancer pathway

A

APC - K-ras - p53

123
Q

total gastrectomy, supplement

A

B12

124
Q

99mTc-pertechnetate

A

tests for gastric mucosa (meckels)

125
Q

watershed areas of GI tract

A

splenic flexure

distal sigmoid colon

126
Q

erosions

A

do not fully extend through muscularis mucosa

127
Q

Crohn’s dz - type of stone

A

oxalate calcium

128
Q

Zidovudine

A

AZT
nucleoside reverese transcripatse inhibit
incorpated into molecule and prevent chain elongation since no free 3’oh
(prevents 3-5’ phophodiester bond)

129
Q

omphalomesenteric duct

A

vitelline duct

130
Q

halothane fulminant hepatitis histo

A

increase aminotransferase
increased PTT
eosinophili

131
Q

weird causes of pancreatitis

A

increase TG, CA

132
Q

Hep B – mechanism

A

CD8 T lymphs respond to viral antigens

133
Q

gallstones caused by

A

increased cholesterol
low phospholipid
decreased bile acid

134
Q

calcification/porecelian gallbladder

A

risk fro cancer, remove

First Aid Sections (25 decks)

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