Blood Vessels Flashcards
1
Q
COX2
A
inducible
2
Q
Aspirin
A
irreversibly inhibits COX 1 and 2
3
Q
derivates of common cardinal veins
A
SVC
4
Q
derivative of truncus arterious
A
pulmonary trunk
ascending aorta
5
Q
derivative of dorsal aorts
A
descending aortic a.
6
Q
Conn’s Syndrome
A
primary hyperaldosteronism
7
Q
when you correct DKA
A
decrease ketone bdies = increase bicarb
k intracellular shift = hypokalemia
8
Q
plaque - proliferation
A
platelets
PDGF, TGF-beta
9
Q
plaque -SMC
A
MIGRATE from media to intima
10
Q
Type 1 Dyslipidemias
A
no atherosclerosis
abd pain (pancreatitis)
maybe xanthomas
due to LPL def (chylomicrons)
11
Q
Type 2 Dyslipidemias
A
no LDL receptors
atherosclerosis
tubulars xanthomas, corneal arcus, xanthelasma
12
Q
Type 3 Dyslipidemias
A
VLDL overproduction
pancreatitis
13
Q
transmural inflamm of arteries with fibrinoid necrosis
A
polyarteritis nodosa
14
Q
varicose veins
A
increased lower extremity venous pressure
15
Q
manifestations of poor blood flow from varicose veins
A
superficial venous thrombosis stasis dermatitis skin ulcerations superficial infections poor wound healing
16
Q
positive FTA-Abs
A
syphilis
17
Q
amlodipine is a
A
CCB
18
Q
strawberry hemangiomas
A
children
19
Q
cherry hemangiomas
A
adults
20
Q
nitroprusside AE
A
cyanide toxicity
treat with sulfur
21
Q
IVC formed by
A
union of common iliac veins
22
Q
age related HTN due to
A
decrease compliance of aorta (aorta stiffening)
isolated systolic HTN
23
Q
bile acid binding resins AE
A
hypertriglyceridemia
24
Q
phenoxybenzamine
A
irreversible alpha 1 and 2 antagonist
25
cliostazol
```
phosphodiesterase inhibitor (inhibits platelet aggregation)
arterial vasodilator
for intermittent claudication
```
26
dipyramidole
```
phosphodiesterase inhibitor (inhibits platelet aggregation)
arterial vasodilator
for intermittent claudication
```
27
great saphenous vein graft
inferiorlateral to pubic tubercle
28
steady state concentration in first order kinetics
reach in 4-5 half lives
29
niacin mofa
inhibit hepatic VLDL production
| inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue
30
treatment for hypercholestermia
1) statin
| 2) ezetimbie
31
treatment for hypertriglyceridemia
1) fibrate
| 2) niacin
32
1st pharyngeal arch
maxillary artery
| CN V
33
2nd pharyngeal arch
stapedial and hyoid aa
| CN VII
34
3rd pharyngeal arch
Common Carotid a.
proximal portion of Internal carotid a.
CN IX
35
4th pharyngeal arch
left - aortic arch
right - proximal part of right subclavian a.
CN X - superior branch
36
6th pharyngeal arch
ductous arteriousus
| CN X - recurrent laryngeal branch
37
CYP450 inducers
BullShit CRAP GPS induces my rage
| Barbituates, St john's wort, carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylurea
38
CYP450 inhibitors
VICKS FACE All Over GQ stops ladies in their tracks
Valproate, isoniazide, cimetidine, ketoconazole, sulfonamides, fluconazole, alcohol (acute), chloramphienicol, erythromycin, amiodarone, omperprazole, grapefruit juice, quinidiine
39
orthostatic hypotension
understimulation of alpha one receptors
40
2nd pharyngeal arch - muscles
facial expression
41
3rd pharyngeal arch - muscles
stylopharyngius
42
4th pharyngea arch - muscles
pharynx, soft palate
| some laryngeal
43
6th pharyngeal arch - muscles
larynx
44
niacin induced skin flushing and warmth due to
prostaglandins
45
capsaician
reduces pain in PNS by decreasing substance P
46
plaque rupture
MMPs
47
increased CK means
cell membrane damage
48
IVC filter
prevents DVTs
49
losartan
angiotension receptor blocker
50
which arteries does polyarteritis nodosa tend to spare?
pulmonary aa
51
glomangioma
under nail bed
| modified smooth muscle cells, invovled in thermoregulation
52
subungal melanoma
under nail bed
| pigmented
53
myxomatous changes means
cystic medial degeneration
54
fenoldapam
selective D1 receptor agonist
| causes arteriolar dilation
55
streptokinase SE
hemorrhage
56
Low Vd
large molecular wt, charged molecules (hydrophilic), bound to plasma proteins
57
high vd
small molecular wt
| lipophilic/hydrophobic/uncharged
58
saddle nose
wegners
59
weak UE pulses
takayasa arteritis
60
efficacy
effect
61
potency
dose
62
genomic imprinting mofa
methylation (add methyl groups to cytosine residues)
63
ACEI induced renal failure due to
efferent arteriolar dilation
64
Ephinephrine effects on HR
dose dependnet, B1
65
Epinephrine effects on SBP
increases
| B1 and alpha1
66
Epinephrine effects on DBP
decrease with low dose: B2>alpha1
| increase with high dose: alpha1>B2
67
onion like concentri thickening of arteriolar walls
malignant htn
68
NE extravasation
increase alpha1
vasoconstriction
necrosis
69
oseltamivir
neuroaminidase inhibitor
| inhibits virion particle RELEASE
70
Trisomy 18
rocker bottom feet, clenched hands
| polyhydraminos
71
acyclovir
guanosine analog
| activated by thymidine kinase
72
cystic hygroma
neck mass in turners syndrome
73
Foscarnet mofa for different viruses
bind DNA polymerase in HSV
| binds RT in HIV
74
inferior thyroid a close to what nerve?
recurrent laryngeal nerve
75
recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates
everything except crycothyroid
76
superior thyroid a close to what nerve?
superior laryngeal nerve
77
superior laryngeal nerve innervates
cricothyroid
78
mono also associated with
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
79
cricothyotomy
go thru cricothyroid membrane
80
congenital torticollis due to
intrauterine malposition
81
high frequency sounds heard
base of cochlea (near oval and sound windows)
| thin, rigid basilar membrane
82
low frequency sounds hear
apex of cochlea (near helicotrema)
83
Weber Test
foreheard
louder sound on one side is abnormal
localize with conductive, opposite with sensineural
84
Rhine Test
normal -- hear better at external auditory meatus
abnormal - hear better at mastoid process
abnormal in affected ear with conductive hearing loss
85
Conductive Hearing Loss
Rine test would be abnormal in affect ear
| Weber would localize
86
Sensineural Hearing Loss
Rhine test would be normal in both
| Weber would localized to unaffected ear
87
loud noise damages
organ of corti
88
pterion
near middle menigeal a which is branch of maxillary
89
bruises
petechiae < purpura < ecchymoses
90
acantholysis
pemphigus vulgaris
91
melanocytic nevus
mole
92
ephelis
freckle
93
psoriasis
decrease granulosum
| increased spinosum
94
seborrheic keratosis
stuck on/brown
95
Pemphigus vulgaris
IgG against desmosomes
acantholysis
often begins in mouth
96
urticara
dermal edema
97
Bullous Pemphigoid
IgG against hemidesmosomes (not in mouth)
98
IgA at tips of dermal papillae
dermatitis herpetiformis
99
erythema multiforme
associated with infections (HSV, mycoplasma)
100
melanocytes
neural crest origin
101
apocrine glands
malodorous
102
actinic keratosis
basal cell atypia, hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis
103
Lichen Planus associations
Hep C
| lymphocytes at dermal-epidermal junction
104
sunburn due to
UVB
105
UVA
tanning, photoaging
106
PABA esters
only effective against UVB
107
basal cell carcinoma
sun exposed areas
palisading nuclei
doesn't metastasize
108
squamous cell carcinoma
keratin pearls
| can spread to lymph nodes
109
melanoma
BRAF kinase mutations
| S-100 marker
110
melanoma - risk of malignancy
vertical growth/depth
111
vemurafenib
BRAF kinase inhibitor
112
breast retraction
coopers ligament infiltration
113
naficillin use
skin and soft tissue infections
| no MRSA
114
Isotretinon
synethic isomer of ATRA
| avoid pregnancy
115
Calcipotriene
vit D analog (VIT d is nuclear transcription factor)
116
topical corticosteroid use causes
atrophy of dermis
117
keloids
excessive collagen formation
118
contact dermatitis
spongiosis
119
terbafine
inhibition of sqalene epoxidase
120
foreign body causes
granulomatous inflamm
121
VZV histo
multinucleated inclusion bearing giant cells
122
lepromin skin test
CD4 Th1 response
| + tuberculoid leprosy
123
xanthelosma
also in PBC due to increased cholesterol
124
Tumor Suppressor Genes
P53, Rb, BRCA1, APC
125
Oncogenes
Abl, C-myc, L-myc, N-myc, RET, HER2/neu, bcl2
126
Glioblastoma multiforme
pseudopalisading necrosis - necrosis
127
Anaplastic
complete lack of differentiation
no resemblence to original tissue
giant cells
128
Peau d' orange
lymphatic obstruction
129
follicular lymphoma - symptoms
indolent
| remissions and recurrences
130
dysplasia
reversible
131
Rb
regulates G1-->S
| hyperphosphorylation inactivates
132
bromodeoxyuridine
high grade/poor prognosis in brain cancer
133
MRD1
Pglycoprotein
ATP dependent efflux pump
likes hydrophobic compounds
134
Angiogenesis
VEGF
| FGF
135
Invasion
decrease E cadherines
| increase MMPs
136
Cachexia
TNF alpha
137
Oral Contraceptives
decrease risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers
138
Ovarian cancer risk decreased by
oral contraceptives
multiparity
breast feeding
139
Adhesion
integrins bind to fibronectin, collagen, laminin
140
Her2Neu
intracellular tyrosine kinase activity
| EGFR (increased cellular proliferation)
141
CD8 toxicity
apoptosis
142
apoptosis
capases = cysteine-aspartic acid proteases
143
MTX
folic acid analog
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
myelosuppresion rescue with folinic acid
144
leucovorin
folinic acid
145
5-FU
pyrimidine canlog
| rescue with thymidine
146
Cytarabine
pyrimidine analog
147
6MP
purine analog
activated by HGPRT
metabolized by xanthine oxidase
148
Dactinomycin
intercalates in DNA
| Wilms tumor, Ewings sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma
149
Doxorubicin
intercalates DNA
| cardiotoxicity
150
Dexrazoxane
prevent doxorubicin toxicity
151
Bleomycin
DNA breaks
testicular cancer, Hodgkins
pulmonary fibrosis
152
Cyclophosphamide
alkylating agens
| mesna to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis
153
Nitrosoueas
CNS tumors
| alkylating agents
154
Busulfan
alkylating agent
| pulmonary fibrosis toxicity
155
Alkylating agents
cyclophosphamides, nitrousoureas, busulfan
156
Purine Analogs
6MP, fludarabine, cladribine
157
Pyrmidine analogs
5FU, capecitabine, cytabine, gemcitabine
158
Vincristine/Vinblastine
alkloids, M phase, inhibits MT polymeraziation
| neutrotoxicity
159
Paciltaxel
hyperstabilize microtubules
ovary, breast carcinomas
M phase
160
Cisplatin/carboplatin
cross link DNA
nephrotoxicity
acoustic nerve damage
161
Cisplantin - prevent toxicity with
amifostine and aggressive hydration
162
Etoposide
inhibits top II
163
Tamoxifen
SERM
164
Trastuzumab
her-2
165
rituximab
CD20
166
bevacizumab
VEGF
167
cladribine
purine/adenosine analog
| hair cell leukemia
168
Rabies Vaccine
killed vaccine
169
anorectal carcinoma
HPV
170
CD 14
monocyte/macrophage lineage
171
sarcoidosis response
TH1
172
FAD needed for
succinate DH
173
MG - type of hypersensitivity
type II
