resp 615 - 621 Flashcards
name 4 types of pneumothorax
primary spontaneous
secondary spontaneous
traumatic
tension
clinical symptoms of pneumothorax?
unilateral chest pain dyspnea unilateral chest expansion dec tactile fremitus hyperresonancy diminished breath sounds
what type of pneumothorax is due to rupture of apical blebs or cysts?
primary spontaneous
what type of pleural effusion is also known as chylothorax?
lymphatic pleural effusion
2 causes of lymphatic (chylothorax) effusions?
duct injury from trauma, malignancy
what content is high in chylothorax?
TG
what type of familial dyslipidemias also have inc TG?
type 1 (high chylomicrons), type 4 (high VLDL)
what resp drug is M3 agonist?
methacholine
what is an antitussive that antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptor?
dextromethorphan
what is a synthetic codeine analog?
dextromethorphan
name 4 2nd generation H1 blockers?
loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine
name 3 1st generation H1 blockers
diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine
name 3 anaerobes that can cause lung abscess
bacteriodes, fusobacterium, peptostreptococcus
3 severe consequences of sup. vena cava syndrome
headaches
dizziness
inc risk of aneurysm/rupture of intracranial arteries
name 3 bugs that cause lobar pneumonia
S. pneumoniae (95%)
Legionella
Klebsiella
what is bronochopneumonia?
acute inflammatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli, patchy distribution involving more than 1 lobe
4 bugs that cause bronchopneumonia?
S. pneumoniae
S. aureus
H. influenza
Klebsiella
name 7 agents that cause interstitial (atypical) pneumonia
Viruses
influenza, CMV, RSV, adenoviruses
Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia
treatment for lung abscess?
clindamycin
what lung path can cause sensorimotor deficit and hoarsness?
pancoast tumor (superior sulcus tumor)
5 risk factors for lung cancer
smoking, second hand smoking, radon, asbestos, family hx
name 5 complications of lung cancer
superior vena cava syndrome pancoast tumor horner syndrome endocrine (paraneoplastic) recurrent laryngeal nerve compression (hoarseness) effusions (pleural or pericardia)
what lung cancer is associated with kulchitsky cells (small dark blue cells)?
small cell carcinoma
what lung cancers are + chromogranin A?
small cell
bronchial carcinoid tumor
what lung cancer is associated with myc oncogene amplification?
small cell
small cell carcinoma of the lung can produce 2 types of antibodies, what are they?
- Ab against presynaptic Ca2+
2. Ab against neuron that can lead to paraneoplastic myelitis/encephalitis
cancer dx?
pleomorphic giant cells
inc B-hCG
adenocarinoma
