micro p 192 - 195 Flashcards
name of the drug that blocks Na+ channels?
Permethrin
what is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for mite/louse therapy?
Malathion
which blocks GABA channels?
lindane
what are the 2 names of the pathogens that Permethrin, Malathion, and Lindane are used for?
Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei)
lice (Pediculus and Pthirus)
what is the mech of Chloroquine?
blocks detoxification of heme into hemozoin
two toxicities for chloroquine?
- retinopathy
2. pruritus (especially in dark skinned individuals)
which malaria species has the highest drug (Chloroquine) resistance freq?
P. falciparum
what is the mech of chloroquine resistance of P. falciparum?
membrane pump that decreases intracellular conc of the drug
DOC for P. falciparum?
Artemether/lumefantrine or atovaquone/proguanil
DOC for life threatening malaria?
Quinidine in the US (Quinine elsewhere) or artesunate
what is the target of Enfuvirtide?
gp41 (inhibits viral entry)
what drug can lead to kernicterus?
sulfonamide
what is the drug that blocks HCV protease inhibitor?
simeprevir
what drug blocks HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase acting as a chain terminator?
sofosbuvir
what hep C drug gives hemolytic anemia and is severe teratogen
ribavirin
DOC for kaposi sarcoma, hairy cell luekemia, condyloma acuminatum?
IFN-alpha
side effects of interferons?
neutropenia, myopathy, depression, suicide
DOC to boost other HIV drug conc?
Ritonavir
what drugs block influenza neuraminidase that leads to dec release of progeny virus?
oseltamivir, zanamivir
2 drugs for CMV retinitis in immunecompromised pts?
Cidofovir, Foscarnet
which drug preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase?
Cidofovir
Does Cidofovir require phosphorylation?
No
name all the anti-viral agents that require phosphorylation by kinase to be activated?
acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir, ganciclovir
how is ganciclovir different from acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir?
ganciclovir is specific for CMV b/c 5’monophosphate is formed by CMV viral kinase, whereas in case of acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir, they are monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase
what is the name of the prodrug of ganciclovir that has better oral bioavailability?
Valganciclovir
what are the side effects of acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir?
obstructive crystalline nephropahty, acute renal failure
what are the side effects of ganciclovir?
leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
define “disinfection?”
reduction of pathogenic organism counts to safe levels
define “sterilization?”
inactivation of self-propagating biological entities
what agent is sporicidal?
hydrogen peroxide
is chlorhexidine sporicidal?
no (it just denatures proteins and disrupts cell membranes)
DOC for multiple sclerosis?
IFN-beta
what drug blocks the HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase?
sofosbuvir
side effects of protease inhibitors?
hyperglycemia, GI intolerance, lipodystrophy, nephropathy?
which protease inhibitor can lead to hematuria?
indinavir
what particular drug is contraindicated to protease inhibitors?
rifampin since it’s a potent CYP/UGT inducer and can dec the conc of PI
what is the main side effect of NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)?
bone marrow suppression (which can be reversed by giving granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin and lactic acidosis
HIV DOC for prophylaxis during pregnancy?
Zidovudine (ZDV)
name of the HIV drug that is nucleotide (not nucleoside)?
Tenofovir
what HIV drug can cause pancreatitis?
Didanosine
what class of drug binds to reverse transcriptase at a different site from NRTIs?
NNRTIs (Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase)
name 3 NNRTIs?
delavirdine, efavirenz, nevirapine
