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Step 1 Crush 250! - Hans > micro p 192 - 195 > Flashcards

micro p 192 - 195 Flashcards

1
Q

name of the drug that blocks Na+ channels?

A

Permethrin

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2
Q

what is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for mite/louse therapy?

A

Malathion

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3
Q

which blocks GABA channels?

A

lindane

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4
Q

what are the 2 names of the pathogens that Permethrin, Malathion, and Lindane are used for?

A

Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei)

lice (Pediculus and Pthirus)

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5
Q

what is the mech of Chloroquine?

A

blocks detoxification of heme into hemozoin

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6
Q

two toxicities for chloroquine?

A
  1. retinopathy

2. pruritus (especially in dark skinned individuals)

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7
Q

which malaria species has the highest drug (Chloroquine) resistance freq?

A

P. falciparum

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8
Q

what is the mech of chloroquine resistance of P. falciparum?

A

membrane pump that decreases intracellular conc of the drug

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9
Q

DOC for P. falciparum?

A

Artemether/lumefantrine or atovaquone/proguanil

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10
Q

DOC for life threatening malaria?

A

Quinidine in the US (Quinine elsewhere) or artesunate

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11
Q

what is the target of Enfuvirtide?

A

gp41 (inhibits viral entry)

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12
Q

what drug can lead to kernicterus?

A

sulfonamide

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13
Q

what is the drug that blocks HCV protease inhibitor?

A

simeprevir

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14
Q

what drug blocks HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase acting as a chain terminator?

A

sofosbuvir

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15
Q

what hep C drug gives hemolytic anemia and is severe teratogen

A

ribavirin

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16
Q

DOC for kaposi sarcoma, hairy cell luekemia, condyloma acuminatum?

A

IFN-alpha

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17
Q

side effects of interferons?

A

neutropenia, myopathy, depression, suicide

18
Q

DOC to boost other HIV drug conc?

A

Ritonavir

19
Q

what drugs block influenza neuraminidase that leads to dec release of progeny virus?

A

oseltamivir, zanamivir

20
Q

2 drugs for CMV retinitis in immunecompromised pts?

A

Cidofovir, Foscarnet

21
Q

which drug preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase?

A

Cidofovir

22
Q

Does Cidofovir require phosphorylation?

A

No

23
Q

name all the anti-viral agents that require phosphorylation by kinase to be activated?

A

acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir, ganciclovir

24
Q

how is ganciclovir different from acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir?

A

ganciclovir is specific for CMV b/c 5’monophosphate is formed by CMV viral kinase, whereas in case of acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir, they are monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase

25
Q

what is the name of the prodrug of ganciclovir that has better oral bioavailability?

A

Valganciclovir

26
Q

what are the side effects of acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir?

A

obstructive crystalline nephropahty, acute renal failure

27
Q

what are the side effects of ganciclovir?

A

leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

28
Q

define “disinfection?”

A

reduction of pathogenic organism counts to safe levels

29
Q

define “sterilization?”

A

inactivation of self-propagating biological entities

30
Q

what agent is sporicidal?

A

hydrogen peroxide

31
Q

is chlorhexidine sporicidal?

A

no (it just denatures proteins and disrupts cell membranes)

32
Q

DOC for multiple sclerosis?

A

IFN-beta

33
Q

what drug blocks the HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase?

A

sofosbuvir

34
Q

side effects of protease inhibitors?

A

hyperglycemia, GI intolerance, lipodystrophy, nephropathy?

35
Q

which protease inhibitor can lead to hematuria?

A

indinavir

36
Q

what particular drug is contraindicated to protease inhibitors?

A

rifampin since it’s a potent CYP/UGT inducer and can dec the conc of PI

37
Q

what is the main side effect of NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)?

A

bone marrow suppression (which can be reversed by giving granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin and lactic acidosis

38
Q

HIV DOC for prophylaxis during pregnancy?

A

Zidovudine (ZDV)

39
Q

name of the HIV drug that is nucleotide (not nucleoside)?

A

Tenofovir

40
Q

what HIV drug can cause pancreatitis?

A

Didanosine

41
Q

what class of drug binds to reverse transcriptase at a different site from NRTIs?

A

NNRTIs (Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase)

42
Q

name 3 NNRTIs?

A

delavirdine, efavirenz, nevirapine

Step 1 Crush 250! - Hans (41 decks)

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