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Step 1 Crush 250! - Hans > endo p 337 - 340 > Flashcards

endo p 337 - 340 Flashcards

1
Q

which multiple endocrine neoplasia is associated with marfanoid habitus?

A

MEN2B

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2
Q

name of the drug that sensitizes Ca2+ sensing receptor (CaSR) in parathyroid gland?

A

cinacalcet

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3
Q

how does cinacalcet change the level of PTH?

A

dec PTH

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4
Q

clinical application of cinacalcet?

A

hypercalcemia due to hyperparathyroidism

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5
Q

name of the synthetic analog of aldosterone with little glucocorticoid effects?

A

fludrocortisone

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6
Q

what is the clinical application of fludrocortisone?

A

mineralocorticoid replacement in primary adrenal insufficiency

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7
Q

name 3 side effects of fludrocortisone

A

edema, exacerbation of heart failure, hyperpigmentation

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8
Q

3Ps for MEN1?

A 
Parathyroid tumors
Pituitary tumors (prolactin or GH)
Pancreatic endocrine tumors (Zollinger Ellison syndrome, insulinomas, VIPomas, glucagonomas)
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9
Q

what gene is associated with MEN1?

A

MEN1 gene (menin, tumor suppressor)

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10
Q

what MEN is associated with RET gene

A

MEN2A and MEN2B

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11
Q

What does RET gene code for?

A

receptor tyrosine kinase

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12
Q

symptoms of VIPomas?

A

WDHA

Watery Diarrhea, Hypokalemia, and Achlorhydria

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13
Q

what path is associated with dermatitis (necrolytic migratory erythema), diabetes, DVT, and depression?

A

glucagonoma (also associated with MEN1)

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14
Q

2Ps of MEN 2A?

A

Parathyroid hyperplasia

Pheochromocytoma

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15
Q

1P of MEN 2B?

A

Pheochromocytoma

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16
Q

what MEN is associated with medullary thyroid carcinoma?

A

MEN2A, 2B

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17
Q

which MEN is associated with mucosal neuromas (oral/intestinal ganglioneuromatosis)

A

MEN 2B

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18
Q

unique side effect of methimazole?

A

aplasia cutis

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19
Q

what drug blocks the reabsorption of glucose in PCT?

A

SGLT-2 inhibitors (canagliflozin)

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20
Q

name of the enzyme that propylthiouracil blocks

A

5’ deiodinase, thyroid peroxidase

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21
Q

name of the enzyme that methimazole blocks

A

thyroid peroxidase

22
Q

side effects of propylthiouracil?

A

skin rash, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hepatotoxicity

23
Q

name of the enzyme that propylthiouracil blocks

A

5’ deiodinase, thyroid peroxidase

24
Q

name of the enzyme that methimazole blocks

A

thyroid peroxidase

25
Q

side effects of propylthiouracil?

A

skin rash, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hepatotoxicity

26
Q

activation of what gene increases insulin sensitivity and levels of adiponectin?

A

PPAR-gamma

27
Q

what gene activation leads to HDL synthesis?

A

PPAR-alpha

28
Q

name of the drug that dec both gastric emptying and glucagon

A

pramlintide (amylin analog)

29
Q

drug that dec postprandial hyperglycemia

A

acarbose, miglitol (alpha glucosidase inhibitors)

30
Q

name 5 drugs that inc insulin and dec glucagon release

A

GLP-1 analog

  • exenatide
  • liraglutide

DPP-4 inhibitors

  • linagliptin
  • saxagliptin
  • sitagliptin
31
Q

name two 1st generation sulfonylureas

A

chlorpropamide, tolbutamide

32
Q

name three 2nd generation sulfonylureas

A

glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide

33
Q

what is the mech of sulfonylureas?

A

close K+ channel of beta cell –> cell depolarizes –> insulin release via Ca2+ influx

34
Q

name the general side effect of sulfonylureas

A

risk of hypoglycemia in renal failure

35
Q

side effects of 1st generation sulfonylureas (chlorpamide, tolbutamide)?

A

disulfiram like effects, SIADH

36
Q

other drugs that lead to disulfiram like effects

A

metronidazole, griseofulvin, procarbazine, some cephalosporin

37
Q

what are the drugs that bind to PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator to inc insulin sensitivity?

A

glitazones/thiazolidinediones

  • pioglitazone
  • rosiglitazone
38
Q

what is metformin contraindicated with

A

renal insufficiency

39
Q

name 2 long acting insulin

A

detemir, glargine

40
Q

intermediate acting insulin?

A

NPH (twice a day)

41
Q

name 3 short acting insulin

A

aspart, glulisine, lispro

42
Q

what is the treatment strategy for type 1 DM?

A

low carb diet, insulin replacement

43
Q

treatment strategy for type 2 DM?

A

dietary modification, exercise for weight loss, oral agents

44
Q

what are the 2 roles of genes activated by PPAR-gamma

A
  1. fatty acid storage

2. glucose metabolism

45
Q

clinical application of somatostatin (octreotide)

A

acromegaly, carcinoid syndrome, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, esophageal varices

46
Q

name 3 ADH antagonists (V2 blockers)

A

conivaptan, tolvaptan, demeclocycline

47
Q

what drug is used for central DI?

A

desmopressin acetate

48
Q

what drug is used for Turner syndrome?

A

GH

49
Q

DOC to control uterine hemorrhage?

A

oxytocin

50
Q

if glucocorticoids are suddenly stopped after the chronic usage, what is the consequence?

A

adrenal insufficiency

51
Q

name 2 targets inhibited by glucocorticoids

A

phospholipase A2, transcription factor NF-KB

52
Q

what is triamcinolone?

A

glucocorticoids

Step 1 Crush 250! - Hans (41 decks)

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