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Step 1 Crush 250! - Hans > pharm p 250 - 254 > Flashcards

pharm p 250 - 254 Flashcards

1
Q

DOC for both open/closed angle glaucoma?

A

pilocarpine

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2
Q

explain how pilocarpine works in open angle and closed angle glaucoma

A
  1. contracts ciliary muscle of eye in open angle glaucoma

2. contracts pupillary sphincter in closed angle glaucoma

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3
Q

T or F: pilocarpine is degraded by AChE

A

F: pilocarpine is resistant to AChE

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4
Q

Name 4 direct cholinomimetic agonists

A
  1. bethanechol
  2. carbachol
  3. methacholine
  4. pilocarpine
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5
Q

among the 4 direct cholinomimetics, which ones are resistant to AChE?

A

bethanechol, pilocarpine

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6
Q

3 clinical applications for bethanechol?

A

posoperative ileus, neurogenic ileus, urinary retention

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7
Q

what is the mech of bethanechol for its usage for urinary retention?

A

stimulates M3 to inc bladder constriction to urinate

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8
Q

what is a DOC for Sojgern?

A

pilocarpine (stimulates sweat, tears, and saliva)

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9
Q

DOC for atropine overdose?

A

physostigmine

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10
Q

DOC for myasthenia gravis?

A

pyridostigmine

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11
Q

Does pyridostigmine go into CNS?

A

no

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12
Q

Does physostigmine get into CNS?

A

yes

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13
Q

what are the 2 drugs for myasthenia gravis?

A

neostigmine, pyridostigmine

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14
Q

what 3 pathologies are contraindicated to all cholinomimetic agents?

A
  1. COPD
  2. asthma
  3. peptic ulcers
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15
Q

cholinesterase inhibitors (neostigmine, edrophonium, pyridostigmine) are also used for reversal of blockade of what types of drugs?

A

reversal of blockade of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (Tubocurarine, atracurium, mivacurium)

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16
Q

what is the clinical application of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents?

A

induce muscle paralysis in surgery or mechanical ventilation

17
Q

name the 3 anticholinesterases (cholinesterase inhibitor) used for Alzheimer?

A

donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine

18
Q

historically, what was used to diagnose myasthenia gravis?

A

edrophonium

19
Q

nowadays, what is used to diagnose myasthenia gravis?

A

anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody test

20
Q

which drug regenerates AChE for organophosphate toxicity?

A

pralidoxime

21
Q

name 3 drugs that can be used for urinary incontinence (overactive bladder)

A

oxybutynin, solifenacin, tolterodine

22
Q

2 drugs for COPD, asthma?

A

ipratropium, tiotropium

23
Q

what is a muscarinic antagonist for Parkinson dz?

A

benztropine

24
Q

what drug can be used for acute dystonia?

A

benztropine

25
Q

what drug can be used to dec urgency in cystitis?

A

atropine

26
Q

what toxin binds to fast voltage gated Na+ channel in cardiac and nerve tissue preventing depolarization?

A

tetrodotoxin

27
Q

what toxin is from fugu?

A

fugu is pufferfish, tetrodotoxin

28
Q

what toxin leads to temperature related dysesthesia?

A

ciguatoxin

29
Q

what is the mech of ciguatoxin?

A

opens Na+ channels causing depolarization (opposite to tetrodotoxin)

30
Q

what is the main source of ciguatoxin?

A

reef fish such as barracuda, snapper, moray eel

31
Q

what toxin cause acute onset burning sensation of the mouth flushing of face, erythema, urticaria, pruritus, headache and may cause anaphylaxis like presentation (bronchospasm, angiodedema, hypotension)?

A

scombroid poisoning

32
Q

treatment for scombroid poisoning?

A

antihistamines and if needed antianaphylactics such as bronchodilators, epinephrine

33
Q

name 3 indirect sympathomimetics

A
  1. amphetamines
  2. cocaine
  3. ephedrine
34
Q

name 2 alpha2 agonists

A

clonidine, guanfacine

35
Q

3 clinical applications for clonidine and guanfacine?

A

hypertensive urgency, ADHD, Tourette syndrome

36
Q

what drug is used for hypertension in pregnancy?

A

alpha methyldopa

37
Q

2 side effects of alpha methyldopa?

A

direct coombs + hemolysis, SLE like syndrome

38
Q

at high does of epinephrine what effect is dominant?

A

alpha

39
Q

norepinephrine is used for hypotension due to what property compared to epinephrine?

A

no beta 2 effect for norepinephrine

Step 1 Crush 250! - Hans (41 decks)

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