GI

Question 1

normal allele for alpha1 antitrypsin

Answer 1

PiM/PiM

Question 2

mutant allele for alpha1 antitrypsin

Answer 2

PiZ/PiZ

Question 3

infections associated with Reye syndrome

Answer 3

VZV, influenza that has been aspirin

Question 4

symptoms of Reye syndrome?

Answer 4

mitochondrial abnormalities, fatty liver (microvesicular fatty change)

Question 5

in Budd Chiari, thrombosis/compression of hepatic veins takes place with

Answer 5

centrilobular congestion (zone 3)

Question 6

zone 3 of the liver is

Answer 6

pericentral vein zone = centrilobular zone

Question 7

zone 3 of the liver 4 characteristics?

Answer 7

1. affected 1st by ischemia
2. contains P450 system
3. most sensitive to metabolic toxins
4. site of alcoholic hepatitis

Question 8

4 conditions that are associated with Budd-Chiari?

Answer 8

1. hypercoagulable state (pregnancy)
2. polycythemia vera
3. postpartum state
4. HCC

Question 9

appearance of the liver in Budd-Chiari?

Answer 9

mottled appearance (nutmeg liver)

Question 10

what liver tumor is associated with progesterone (oral contraceptive) or anabolic steroid use?

Answer 10

hepatic adenoma

Question 11

symptoms of hepatic adenoma?

Answer 11

abdominal pain/shock, may spontaneously regress or rupture

Question 12

liver tumor of endothelial origin?

Answer 12

angiosarcoma

Question 13

what can cause angiosarcoma?

Answer 13

arsenic, vinyl chloride, thorotrast (contrast agent)

Question 14

what is the common liver tumor that is contraindicated b/c of risk of hemorrhage?

Answer 14

cavernous hemangioma

Question 15

cirrhosis with PAS +?

Answer 15

alpha 1 antitrypsin def

Question 16

what conditions are associated with pigment stones?

Answer 16

chronic hemolysis, alcoholic cirrhosis, advanced age, biliary infection, total parenteral nutrition

Question 17

black pigment stones are

Answer 17

radiopaque and is made of Ca2+ bilirubinate

Question 18

brown pigment stones are

Answer 18

radiolucent and is associated with infection

Question 19

what is gallstone obstructing ileocecal valve?

Answer 19

gallstone ileus

Question 20

what fistula can be formed by cholelithiasis (gallstone)?

Answer 20

fistula btw gallbladder and small intestine, leading to air in biliary tree and allowing the passage of gallstones into the intestinal tract

Question 21

secretin is produced by which cell?

Answer 21

S cells from duodenum

Question 22

3 roles of secretin?

Answer 22

1. inc pancreatic HCO3-
2. dec gastric acid secretion
3. inc bile secretion

Question 23

cholecystokinin is produced by which cell?

Answer 23

I cells from duodenum and jejunum

Question 24

4 roles of cholecystokinin (CKK)?

Answer 24

1. inc pancreatic secretion
2. inc gallbladder contraction
3. inc sphincter of Oddi relaxation
4. dec gastric emptying

Question 25

path associated with herniation of mucosal tissue at Killan triangle between the thyropharyngeal and cricopharyngeal parts of the inf. pharyngeal constrictor?

Answer 25

Zenker diverticulum

Question 26

is Zenker diverticulum true or false diverticulum?

Answer 26

false

Question 27

what are examples of true diverticulum?

Answer 27

Meckel diverticulum

Question 28

what are examples of false diverticulum?

Answer 28

Diverticulosis, Zenker diverticulum

Question 29

how is Boerhaave syndrome diff from Mallory-Weiss?

Answer 29

Boerhaave syndrome is transmural whereas Mallory Weiss is mucosal laceration (not transmural)