GI Flashcards
normal allele for alpha1 antitrypsin
PiM/PiM
mutant allele for alpha1 antitrypsin
PiZ/PiZ
infections associated with Reye syndrome
VZV, influenza that has been aspirin
symptoms of Reye syndrome?
mitochondrial abnormalities, fatty liver (microvesicular fatty change)
in Budd Chiari, thrombosis/compression of hepatic veins takes place with
centrilobular congestion (zone 3)
zone 3 of the liver is
pericentral vein zone = centrilobular zone
zone 3 of the liver 4 characteristics?
- affected 1st by ischemia
- contains P450 system
- most sensitive to metabolic toxins
- site of alcoholic hepatitis
4 conditions that are associated with Budd-Chiari?
- hypercoagulable state (pregnancy)
- polycythemia vera
- postpartum state
- HCC
appearance of the liver in Budd-Chiari?
mottled appearance (nutmeg liver)
what liver tumor is associated with progesterone (oral contraceptive) or anabolic steroid use?
hepatic adenoma
symptoms of hepatic adenoma?
abdominal pain/shock, may spontaneously regress or rupture
liver tumor of endothelial origin?
angiosarcoma
what can cause angiosarcoma?
arsenic, vinyl chloride, thorotrast (contrast agent)
what is the common liver tumor that is contraindicated b/c of risk of hemorrhage?
cavernous hemangioma
cirrhosis with PAS +?
alpha 1 antitrypsin def
what conditions are associated with pigment stones?
chronic hemolysis, alcoholic cirrhosis, advanced age, biliary infection, total parenteral nutrition
black pigment stones are
radiopaque and is made of Ca2+ bilirubinate
brown pigment stones are
radiolucent and is associated with infection
what is gallstone obstructing ileocecal valve?
gallstone ileus
what fistula can be formed by cholelithiasis (gallstone)?
fistula btw gallbladder and small intestine, leading to air in biliary tree and allowing the passage of gallstones into the intestinal tract
secretin is produced by which cell?
S cells from duodenum
3 roles of secretin?
- inc pancreatic HCO3-
- dec gastric acid secretion
- inc bile secretion
cholecystokinin is produced by which cell?
I cells from duodenum and jejunum
4 roles of cholecystokinin (CKK)?
- inc pancreatic secretion
- inc gallbladder contraction
- inc sphincter of Oddi relaxation
- dec gastric emptying
path associated with herniation of mucosal tissue at Killan triangle between the thyropharyngeal and cricopharyngeal parts of the inf. pharyngeal constrictor?
Zenker diverticulum
is Zenker diverticulum true or false diverticulum?
false
what are examples of true diverticulum?
Meckel diverticulum
what are examples of false diverticulum?
Diverticulosis, Zenker diverticulum
how is Boerhaave syndrome diff from Mallory-Weiss?
Boerhaave syndrome is transmural whereas Mallory Weiss is mucosal laceration (not transmural)
