hemonc 402-406 Flashcards
path associated with recurrent otitis media with mass involving the mastoid bone?
Langerhans cell histiocytes
2 options to correct factor def?
cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma
what is the name for leukemic cell infiltration to skin?
leukemia cutis
in ALL what two parts of organs are easily affected and why?
CNS and testes (b/c the barriers prevent chemo access)
in ALL, what CD marker is found in pre-B cell only?
CD10
in ALL, what is the marker for both pre-T and pre-B cell?
TdT
what path mimics the SVC syndrome?
ALL (mediastinal mass)
DOC for DVT/PE prophylaxis?
apixaban, rivaroxaban
what is heparin bridging?
heparin i used when starting warfarin which causes transient hypercoagulable state.
initial heparin therapy with warfarin reduces risk of
recurrent venous thromboembolism and skin/tissue necrosis
in warfarin toxicity, what causes the skin/tissue necrosis?
small vessel microthromboses
what gene polymorphism can affect the efficacy of warfarin?
VKORC1 (vit K epxoide reductase complex)
name 2 blood malignancies associated with splenomegaly?
CML, myelofribrosis
name 2 blood malignancies associated with dry tap of the bone marrow aspiration
hairy cell leukemia, myelofibrosis
in myelofibrosis, what is responsible for the obliteration of bone marrow?
inc fibroblast activity
what path is associated with intense itching after shower ?
polycythemia vera due to inc basophil
name 3 low molecular weight heparins
enoxaparin, dalteparin, fondaparinux
what are the 5 characteristics of fondaparinux?
- act more on factor Xa
- better bioavailability
- 2-4 times longer half life
- can be administered subcutaneously without lab monitoring
- not easily reversible
what leukemia is associated with CD5 marker?
small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia
treatment for CLL?
anti-CD52 (alemtuzumab)
treatment for hairy cell luekemia
cladribine (adenosine analog, 2CDA), pentostatin
in CML, LAP is low why?
low activity in mature granulocyte (vs. leukemoid reaction when LAP is high)
3 paths associated with inc ectopic EPO
- renal cell carcinoma
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- hydronephrosis
3 examples with dec O2 sat leading to high EPO
- lung dz
- congenital heart dz (Eisenmenger)
- high altitude
5 clinical applications of heparin?
- immediate anticoagulant for PE
- acute coronary syndrome
- MI
- DVT
- for pregnancy (does not cross placenta)
in heparin induced thrombocytopenia what is the target of the IgG antibodies?
heparin bound platelet factor 4
what is the most common adult leukemia?
SLL/CLL
what gene is activated in mantle cell lymphoma?
cyclin D1
explain the mech of thrombolytics
directly or indirectly aid conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, which cleaves thrombin and fibirn clots
what are the 3 clinical applications for thrombolytics?
- early MI
- early ischemic stroke
- direct thrombolysis of severe PE
what are the 5 contraindications with thrombolytics?
- active bleeding
- hx of intracranial bleeding
- recent surgery
- known bleeding diatheses (hypocoagulable)
- severe HPT
what is the antidote for thrombolytics?
aminocaproic acid
