Repro Flashcards
what are examples of mesodermal defects?
VACTERL Vertebral defects Anal atresia Cardiac defects Tracheo-Esophageal fistula Renal defects Limb defects (bone and muscles)
genes involved in ant-post axis patterning?
sonic hedgehog (holoprosenphaly)
produced at apical ectodermal ridge, necessary for dorsal-ventral axis patterning?
Wnt 7
which gene stimulates mitosis and provides “lengthening of limbs?”
FGF
gene involved in segmental organization of embryo in craniocaudal direction
homeobox (Hox)
what can homeobox (hox) gene mutation lead to?
appendages in wrong locations
when does a fetus has cardiac activity visible by transvaginal ultrasound?
week 6
when does a fetus have genitalia male/female characteristics?
week 10
where does the gastrulation start?
with the epiblast invaginating to form the primitive streak
what is the benign Rathke pouch tumor with cholesterol crystals, calcification?
Craniopharyngioma
what gene is associated with both ovary and breast cancer?
BRCA1
the most common benign ovarian neoplasm?
serous cystadenoma (often bilateral)
what is the benign tumor that has multiloculated, large, and lined by mucus-secreting epithelium?
mucinous cystadenoma
what is the benign tumr that has endometriosis (ectopic endometrial tissue) within ovary with cyst formation?
endometrioma
what are the symptoms of endometrioma?
pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia (pain during sex), varying symptoms with menstrual cycle
what is another name for dermoid cyst?
mature cystic teratoma
what is a benign tumor associated with functional thyroid tissue and hyperthyroidism (struma ovarii)?
mature cystic teratoma = dermoid cyst
tumor associated with solid tumor with pale yellow tan that is encapsulated with Coffee bean nuclei
Brenner tumor
benign tumor associated with spindle shaped fibroblast?
fibromas
what cell produces mullerian inhibitory factor?
sertoli cell
what cell produces testosterone?
leydig cell
what is the role of DHT (dihydrotestosterone)?
converts genital tubercle, urogenital sinus into male external genitalia, prostate
how would you diff 5 alpha reductase def and androgen insensitivity syndrome?
high testosterone in androgen insensitivity whereas normal testosterone in 5 alpha reductase def.
which disorder is associated with scant sexual hair and lack of uterus and fallopian tube?
androgen insensitivity syndrome
another name for paramesonephric duct?
mullerian duct
another name for wolffian duct
mesonephric duct
what is the origin of paramesonephric duct?
lower portion from urogenital sinus
what will lack of sertoli cell or lack of MIF lead to?
- develop both male and female internal organs
2. develop male external genitalia
