Repro Flashcards
what are examples of mesodermal defects?
VACTERL Vertebral defects Anal atresia Cardiac defects Tracheo-Esophageal fistula Renal defects Limb defects (bone and muscles)
genes involved in ant-post axis patterning?
sonic hedgehog (holoprosenphaly)
produced at apical ectodermal ridge, necessary for dorsal-ventral axis patterning?
Wnt 7
which gene stimulates mitosis and provides “lengthening of limbs?”
FGF
gene involved in segmental organization of embryo in craniocaudal direction
homeobox (Hox)
what can homeobox (hox) gene mutation lead to?
appendages in wrong locations
when does a fetus has cardiac activity visible by transvaginal ultrasound?
week 6
when does a fetus have genitalia male/female characteristics?
week 10
where does the gastrulation start?
with the epiblast invaginating to form the primitive streak
what is the benign Rathke pouch tumor with cholesterol crystals, calcification?
Craniopharyngioma
what gene is associated with both ovary and breast cancer?
BRCA1
the most common benign ovarian neoplasm?
serous cystadenoma (often bilateral)
what is the benign tumor that has multiloculated, large, and lined by mucus-secreting epithelium?
mucinous cystadenoma
what is the benign tumr that has endometriosis (ectopic endometrial tissue) within ovary with cyst formation?
endometrioma
what are the symptoms of endometrioma?
pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia (pain during sex), varying symptoms with menstrual cycle