Development Flashcards
what does APGAR stand for?
Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration
what APGAR scores require assist and stimulate?
4 - 6
what is the consequence of having APGAR score less than 4
inc risk that the child will develop long term neurologic damage
what is the cut off weight for low birth weight?
2.5 kg
two causes for low birth weight?
prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction
what two conditions are associated with low birth weight?
- inc risk of sudden infant death syndrome
2. inc overall mortality
complications associated with low birth weight?
infections, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotiziing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and persistent fetal circulation
what pathology is associated with “thermoregulation and immune function, polycythemia, and impaired neurocognitive/emotional development?”
low birth weight (less than 2.5 kg)
at what age does a baby develop separation anxiety?
by 9 month
at what age does a baby develop stranger anxiety?
by 6 month
object permanence develops by
9 month
when does a baby start to babble?
by 10 month
how many words can a 3 yr old baby?
1,000 words
baby climbs stairs by
18 month
gender identity formed by
36 month
cooperative play starts at what age?
3 yr
when does a baby feeds self with fork and spoon?
by 20 month
how is REM affected by aging?
dec
is slow wave sleep dec or inc by aging?
dec
in presbycusis what is destroyed?
destruction of hair cells at the cochlear base
what frequency is preserved in presbycusis?
low freq hearing at apex
what is the number one killer among 45 - 64 yr?
cancer
what is the number one killer among 1-44 yr?
unintentional injury
what drugs dec REM?
alcohol, benzo, barbs, norepinephrine
in noised induced hearing loss, what is damaged?
stereociliated cells in organ of Corti
when can a baby tell detailed stories?
by 4 yr
by what age can a baby takes first steps?
by 12 month
when does rapproachement (moves away from and returns to mom) take place?
by 24 month
when does a child can use buttons, zippers, groom oneself?
by 5 yr
when does a baby start to comfortably send part of day away from mom?
by 3 yr
what procedure improves “process reliability?”
standardization
what does “swiss cheese model” explain?
in complex organizations, flaws in mulitple processes and systems may align to cause patient harm
according to swiss cheese model, what needs to be done to improve pt’s care?
focus on systems and conditions rather than an individual’s error
what is active error?
occurs at level of frontline operator such as wrong IV pump dose programmed
what is latent error?
occurs in processes indirect from operator but impacts patient care such as different types of IV pumps used within same hospital
name of the medical error analysis that uses records and participant interviews to identify all the underlying problems that led to an error.
root cause analysis
root cause analysis uses what approach?
retrospective approach applied after failure event to prevent recurrence.
what is failure mode and effects analysis?
medical error analysis that uses inductive reasoning to identify all the ways a process might fail and prioritize these by their probability of occurrence and impact on patients
what type of approach is used for failure mode and effects analysis?
forward-looking approach applied before process implementation to prevent failure occurrence
