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NPTE > Research > Flashcards

Research Flashcards

1
Q

3 pillars of EBP

A

best scientific evidence
clinical experience
patient values

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2
Q

5 orders for appraisal

A
  1. ask question
  2. search evidence
  3. critically appraise (pros and cons of each article)
  4. implement - determine clinical relevance
  5. evaluate - during clinical application of intervention
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3
Q

levels of evidence

A
  1. meta-analysis
  2. systematic review
  3. RCT
  4. cohort
  5. case control
  6. cross sectional
  7. case series/case reports
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4
Q

meta-analysis

A

multiple articles with statistical analysis

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5
Q

systematic review

A

gives summary of findings from many articles
less statistics/no statistics

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6
Q

RCT

A

control group doesnt get intervention
experimental group gets intervention

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7
Q

cohort studies

A

-observational study that compares COHORT who share COMMON CHARATERISTIC; with and without the exposure
- type of LONGITUDINAL study
- ex framingham study - ex residents of framingham is whats in common, and follows to see heart data
- prospective: over period of time in future
- retrospective: use info thats already happened in past

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8
Q

case control studies

A

Compare group of individuals with specific condition with group of people without same condition
- observational
- ex group of older women: age matched 15 with chronic LBP and 15 w/o chronic LBP to see if it affects pain

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9
Q

cross sectional studies

A
  • observation study
  • data is collected from ppl at single point in time (snapshot) of info at specific moment
  • ex look at balance 4 wks after surgery
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10
Q

longitudinal studies

A
  • observational study
  • repeated observations or measurementsof same subjects across extended time periods to understand patterns and factors influencing those changes
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11
Q

case series/case reports

A

document clinical case of single patient or series of patients

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12
Q

nominal data

A

mutually exclusive
- qualitative
- ex blood types (no overlap)

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13
Q

ordinal data

A
  • qualitative
  • order matters
  • ex MMT
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14
Q

discrete data

A

whole numbers
- ex counting people
- quantitative
- can be ratio or interval

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15
Q

continuous data

A
  • quantitative
  • has decimals, ex measure of weight
  • can be interval or ratio
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16
Q

interval data

A
  • quantitative
  • NO true 0, can have negatives
  • ex. temp
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17
Q

ratio data

A
  • quantitative
  • true 0
  • highest level of measurement
  • ex height, money
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18
Q

Reliability
Types of reliabiliy

A

Consistency of measure, extent of research instrument to consistently have same results with used on multiple occasions
- intra-rater: test performed by 1 person several times, use equipment that already know is reliable
- inter-rater: test performed by 2+ ppl on testing 1 variable
- test-retest reliability: same test to same subjects on 2 occasions, testing new equipment that dont know is reliable

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19
Q

Validity

A

-consistency of instrument or measure
- extent to which instrument used is measuring what you want it to measure

20
Q

concurrent validity

A
  • strongest form
  • test performed and compared to GOLD stanard and test results are matched
21
Q

content validity

A
  • test measure specifically what patient problem is
  • ex for balance/fall risk - use TUG
22
Q

construct validity

A
  • test should measure what its supposed to measure
  • ex using specific tool: goni
23
Q

face validity

A
  • weakest form
  • outcome measure should measure what it looks like it will based on patient problem
  • what it appears to measure
24
Q

type I error

A

falsely reject null
false +

25
Q

type II error

A

falsely accept null
false -

26
Q

Sensitivity

A
  • ability to ID trule disease WITHOUT LEAVING ANYONE OUT
  • few false negatives
  • SNOUT
27
Q

specificity

A

ability to be CORRECTLY NEGATIVE in ABSENCE OF DISEASE without mislabeling
- few false positives
-SPIN

28
Q

sensitivity equation

A

Sn=TP/(TP+FN)

29
Q

specificity

A

specificity=TN/(TN+FP)

30
Q

parametric data

A
  • bell shaped curve
  • quantitative data
  • randomization of sample
  • equal distribution (=sample size in each group)
31
Q

non-parametric data

A
  • unequal distribution (unequal sample size)
  • no randomization of sample
  • skewed curve
32
Q

independent T test

A
  • parametric
  • 2 independent groups
  • ex athletes vs non-athletes
33
Q

paired T-test

A
  • 2 matched/same groups
  • ex athletes before and after training
34
Q

1 tailed T test

A

know which way hyp will go/directional hyp
- ex: inc or dec pain after PT

35
Q

2 tailed T test

A
  • non-directional hypothesis
  • ex trying out new intervention
36
Q

1 way anova

A
  • 3+ independent groups compared on 1 intervention
37
Q

2 way anova

A
  • 3+ independent groups compared on 2 interventions
38
Q

repeated measures anova

A
  • individuals measured over time
  • ex: 3 diets measured at different times
39
Q

ANCOVA

A

anova + controlling for cofounding factor/ covariant

40
Q

chi squared test

A

use nominal data to find difs btw groups

41
Q

Mann Whitny U test

A
  • compare 2 independent groups using ordinal data
  • ex MAS
  • similar to independent T test
42
Q

Kruskal Wallis test

A
  • compare 3+ groups with ordinal data
  • similar to 1 way anova
43
Q

pearson correlation

A

for parametric data

44
Q

rho/spearman correlation

A

for non-parametric data

45
Q

correlation scale

A

r=correlation
0-.25=low
.26-.5=fair
.51-.75=moderate
.76-1=high

46
Q

regression

A
  • explains how change in 1 variable can have change in another variable
  • ex: height and weight
  • gives in form of equation that relates x to y so that if given x - y can be predicted
47
Q

regression values

A

R^2=regression
>.5 is strong
<.5 is weak

NPTE (60 decks)

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