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Other systems FF Flashcards

1
Q

Termination criteria for exercise due to abnormal BP

A

DBP change> 10mmHg
Decrease in SBP ≥ 20mmHg and shouldnt rise >40mmHg - SBP changes are worse when compared to DBP changes
RR >40
DBP ≥110mmHg, SBP ≥220mmHg
significant ventricular or atrial dysrhythmias with or without symptoms: ventricular tachycardia 3+ PVCs (call 911)
AV block 2nd degree (type 2) or 3rd degree (call 911 for 3rd degree)
ST displacement (1mm) (call 911)
signs/sxs of ex intolerance: angina, dyspnea, ECG changes, pallor/cyanosis, nausea, confusion, lightheadedness

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2
Q

metabolic syndrome criteria

A

if 3+ are present:
1. waist circumference>40in for men or >35in for women
2. triglyceride level of 150mg/dL or higher
3. High density lipoprotein (HDL) level <40 mg/dL in men or <50 mg/dL in women
4. systolic BP=130mmHg and/or diastolic BP=85mmHg
5. fasting plasma glucose level>100mg/dL

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3
Q

hypothalamus function

A

responsible for regulation of ANS (body temp, appetite, sweating, thirst, sexual behavior, fear, rage, blood pressure, sleep

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4
Q

pituitary gland function

A

secretes endorphins and redices person’s sensitivity to pain. controls ovulation and works as catalyst to testes and ovaries to create sex hormones

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5
Q

hormones released from anterior pituitary and what they are responsible for

A

ACTH>adrenal cortex>aldosterone and cortisol
GH>bones and tissues>metabolism and growth
FSH and LH>ovaries and testes>testosterone, estrogen, progesterone
prolactin> breast production of milk
TSH>thyroid>T3, T4

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6
Q

hormones released from posterior pituitary and what they are responsible for

A

Oxytocin>breast secretion in milk and uterine contractions during birth
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)/vasopressin>water and mineral balance, water retention

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7
Q

thyroid gland function

A

produce hormones that comtrol rate at which cells burn fuel from food

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8
Q

parathyroid gland function

A

regulate calcium and phosphate metabolism

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9
Q

adrenal gland function

A

produce corticosteroids that regulate sodium and water balance, body’s response to stress, immune system and metabolism

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10
Q

function of cortisol

A

reduce stress, reduce inflammation, production of glucose, regulate BP

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11
Q

function of aldosterone

A

retain sodium and water, and decrease (kick) potassium: KK

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12
Q

what is asthenia

A

generalized weakness

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13
Q

Addisons disease

A

adrenal insufficiency - decreased cortisol and aldosterone
decreased BP
dehydration
increased MSH (melanin) - bronze pigment
asthenia
anxiety, cold/stress intolerance
hyperkalemua
decreased glucose
weightloss, anorexia, GI disturbances

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14
Q

Cushing’s disease

A
  • more ACTH secreted by pituitary gland>sitmulates adrenal gland>more cortisol is released
    -increased production of aldosterone and cortisol due to tumor on pituitary gland secreting increased ACTH
  • increased BP, increased water retention
  • decreased glucose
  • hypokalemia
  • increased weight gain, centripital obesity, ruddy appearance (red striae)
  • increased susceptibility to infection, osteoporosis (buffalo hump), poor wound healing
  • proximal muscle weakness and atrophy
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15
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

adrenal gland tumor> adrenal gland secretes more cortisol
- from drug toxicity - taken too much corticosteroids

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16
Q

hypothyroidism

A
  • lazy, lay on couch
  • cause can be Hashimotos autoimmune disease of thyroid
    -Decreased T4, T3
  • increased TSH
  • weight gain, decreased appetite
  • myxedema
  • low HR, high BP
  • decreased glucose absorption, high blood glucose
  • decreased perspiration
  • decreased BMR
  • sleepy
  • constipation
  • brittle nails, dry skin and hair
    prolonged DTRs
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17
Q

myxedema

A

puffy hands, face, feet

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18
Q

hyperthyroidism

A
  • Grave’s disease
  • high T3,T4, low TSH
  • hyperactive DTRs
  • silky hair/moist palms
  • diahrea
  • low glucose absorption, high blood glucose
  • high heartrate
  • low BP
  • weightloss, increased appetite
  • high BMR
  • heat intolerance
  • restlessness, insomnia
  • increased perspiration
    -exophthalmos
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19
Q

exophthalmos

A

sunket sockets and bulging eyeballs

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20
Q

parathyroid relationship to calcium and phosphate

A

direct to calcium and inversely to phosphate

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21
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

-increased calcium, decreased phosphate
- decreased bone mineralization (increased blood Ca takes it away from bones)
- BONES, STONES, GROANS, MOANS, sensory
-decreased bone density and bone weakness
osteopenia, arthralgia, gout
- kidney stones, kidney dysfunction
- peptic ulcers
- depression, fatigue, prox m weakness, confusion, drowsiness
- stocking and glove sensory distribution

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22
Q

arthralgia

A

joint stiffness

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23
Q

gout

A

painful form of arthritis
usually in big toe

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24
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

decreased blood Ca, increased phosphate
- CATS are numb
- convulsions
- cardiac arrhythmias
- m twitching, tetany (m twitching)
- m spasms, m cramps
- paresthesia: fingertips, mouth
- fatigue, weakness

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25
stress incontinence
exertion pee if exert, cough, sneeze, etc common with post-partum, pelvic floor weakness treatment: PF strengthening
26
urge incontinence
Urgency Detrussor m is overactive (involuntary contraction) and makes bladder pee/patient has strong urgency when person is focused on something Common in UMN, PD, infection treatment: treat infection, void schedule
27
overflow incontinence
Dribble Detrussor m is underactive - bladder becomes distended and cannot completely empty, which is why dribble later Common for BPH, DM Treatment: double void, medication, catheterization
28
functional incontinence
Mobility Pt has decreased mobility, impaired dexterity or cognitive deficits so is unable to get to toilet in time Common for dementia, LE weakness Treatment: LE strengthening, remove clutter, prompted void, improve accessibility
29
GERD pathophysiology
reflex of gastric content of gastroduodenal contents into the esophagus lower esophageal sphincter doesn't stay closed
30
symptoms of GERD
heart burn - 30 mins after eating and at night laying down dysphagia sour tase - from regurgitation of acids hoarseness of voice atypical pain of head and neck
31
what can GERD lead to
aspiration PNA, asthma, esophagitis
32
GERD treatment
-be upright - wait 2-3 hrs after eating to exercise - avoid spicy, chocolate, fatty, peppermint - - sleep on L side, and avoid supine - eat 3-4hrs before sleeping -drugs: antacids, H2 receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors
33
RUQ pain pattern/shoulder
good luck hot pack liver, peptic ulcers, gallbladder, head of pancreas
34
RLQ referral pain
AC appendix, Crohn's disease
35
LLQ referral pain
DUI diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis, IBS
36
LUQ referral pain/shoulder
Don't banana split <3 diaphragm, body and tail of pancreas, spleen, heart
37
mid-back/scapula referred pain
esophagus, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas
38
pelvis/low back/sacrum referred pain
colon, appendix, pelvic viscera
39
pancoast tumor referred pain
upper lung tumor present at apex of lung referred to C8-T2, mimics TOS pain at top of ipsilateral shoulder weightloss, nightpain, systemic chest pain, pulm sxs
40
What is + Kehr's sign?
pt in supine, bilaterally elevate legs + if pt complains of pain in L shoulder - means there fluid in cavity
41
hiatial hernia
causes shoulder pain - due to weakness of diaphragm so refers to LUQ - presents with sxs similar to GERD because presses into esophagus
42
femoral hernia
causes groin and lateral pelvic wall pain
43
inguinal hernia
groin pain
44
umbillical hernia
causes pain around umbillical ring - mid to low abdomen
45
cholecystitis what special test to diagnose?
-blockage of gallstones trapped in cystic duct (btw gallbladder and small intestine) resulting in inflammation of gallbladder - pain referred to RUQ and can go to R scapula - nausea, vomiting, low grade fever - pain increases with ingestion of fatty food - special test: Murphy's sign: palpate near R subcostal margin as pt takes deep breath. If pt has pain/tenderness during inspiration it is +
46
Peptic ulcers
-Gastric and duodenal ulcers -pain in epigastric area: burning and cramping that refers to R shoulder -melena black tarry stool (more for duodenal) and coffee ground emesis
47
Gastric ulcers
-ulcerative lesions in stomach - causes: h. Pylori, stress, anxiety, NSAIDS -pain when eating and after eating (due to acid secretion) - treatment: H. Pylori meds, and antacids
48
Duodenal ulcers
- ulcerative lesions in duodenum - cause: H. Pylori bacteria - pain w/ absence of food, in between meals, early in morning, late at night - treatment: H. pylori meds
49
reactive arthritis
- caused by bacterial infection from somewhere else in body: urinary, digestive system, genitals cant see - conjunctivitis cant pee - urithritis cant climb a tree - knee OA
50
Ulcerative collitis
- type of inflammatory bowel disease - in large intestine, colon, rectum - continuous lesions - rectal pain, bleeding, bloody diahrea with pus, fecal urgency, weight loss, LBP - refer pain to LLQ
51
Crohn's disease
- type of inflammatory bowel disease - skip lesions everywhere in GI tract - pain relieved by farting, abdominal pain, weight loss, joint arthritis - refer pain to RLQ
52
Irritable bowel syndrome
- Irritable colon - caused by stress, fatty foods, lactose - relieved by defecation - ribbon like stool -N/V, diarrhea, foul breath - sharp cramps in morning/after eating - sxs disappear while sleeping - treatment: stress reduction, diet modification, exercise - refer pain to LLQ
53
stool for liver/pancreas/colon disorder
white/clay/grey stool
54
appendicitis
- inflammation of vermiform appendix. progression can lead to swollen/gangrenous appendix - if perforated can lead to peritonitis - S/S: - pain in RLQ - comes in waves and progresses to steady - anorexia, N/V, elevated temperature, leukocytosis (increase in WBC count), fever
55
How to test for appendicitis
All cause pain RLQ -McBurneys point: Cause pain/tender to touch btw R ASIS and umbillicus - Roving's sign - palpate LLQ and will feel pain in RLQ - Blumbergs sign aka rebound tenderness - sudden release of pressure on appendix causes severe pain - psoas sign - stretch psoas (extend hip/resist hip flexion) - obturator sign - passively IR or resist ER - Markle's sign - do heel raises and when drop feel pain - hop test - hop on R side - pinch an inch test
56
Pinch an inch test
- pinch and pull up skin in proper quadrant and pt will have pain - for appendicitis and diverticulitis
57
fibromyalgia
women>men, early to middle adulthood persists >3 months 11/18 tender points: noninflammatory nonpregressive anx/depression fatigue symptoms flare with stress decreased ex tolerance poor sleep quality sxs fluctuation other common sxs: IBS, RLS, HAs, TMJD
58
myofascial pain syndrome/CRPS
trigger points with specific referral pattern due to poor posture due to poor conditioning/quality of mm weakness/decreased ROM pain with stretch of m
59
chronic fatigue syndrome
women>men, early to middle adulthood present>6mths tender lymph nodes HAs, anxiety, depression, persistant fatigue
60
Cancer treatment implications
- Do not treat same day as chemo/within 24 hrs if infection/bad reaction is present - infection=100degF -general exercise - low to mod intensity - 20-60mins
61
colon cancer signs
- >50y/o - unexplained weightloss - bowel disturbances - previous hx of ca
62
femoral neck fx signs
- female >70 - fall - pain constant and inc with movement - leg ER and shorter
63
cause for osteonecrosis of femoral head
- prolonged corticosteroid use - trauma

NPTE (60 decks)

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